Ahead of the pack? Explaining the unequal distribution of scholarships in Germany     

Christina Haas  Herman Van De Werfhorst 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(5):705-720

This article investigates to what extent scholarships are unequally distributed among students in Germany and how these inequalities can be explained. Following sociological theory, the article argues that elites seek qualitative ways of distinguishing themselves in a mass higher education system. Using student surveys, we demonstrate that class effects cannot merely be explained with reference to class differences in academic achievement but that higher classes have better access to scholarships independent of earlier school performance. Class differences were particularly persistent when the intermediate classes were compared with higher classes with more education. These findings illustrate that social classes have different strategies when it comes to participating in higher education and suggest that information about and access to scholarships is important in gaining a class advantage.  相似文献   

Identifying and addressing themes of job dissatisfaction for secondary principals     

David De Jong  Trent Grundmeyer  Julie Yankey 《School Leadership & Management》2017,37(4):354-371

Secondary principals serve in important roles that are complex, high-stress, and include demanding job responsibilities. Key stakeholders such as superintendents, school board members, and legislators must understand the challenges facing secondary principals in order to address the current themes of job dissatisfaction. Using new survey data compiled from 176 secondary principals across a state in the Midwest United States, this study shows four themes of job dissatisfaction are plaguing secondary principals: high job demands with unreasonable expectations, managing difficult stakeholders, problematic work/life balance, and lack of support. This study concludes with practical suggestions to address each theme of job dissatisfaction.  相似文献   

大鼠帕金森氏病动物模型的建立   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑杰胜  郑树森  詹仁雅  周永庆  许德华  张家兴 《科技通报》2001,17(6):80-83

采用SD大鼠30只，25只为试验组，5只为对照组。在三维立体定向仪上用微量注射器将6－OHDA32μg分两点注射入右侧纹状体，每周检测动物的旋转行为，第1周动物没有出现旋转行为，第2周动物出现明显的旋转行为，随后缓慢上升；至术后5周才升至较高的水平并保持平稳。其中有15只动物达到或超过了7r/min这一通常采用的标准，模型成功率达60％。酪氨酸羟化酶免疫组化显示：术后第1周至第5周右侧黑质TH免疫反应细胞逐渐砬少，各个时期的右侧黑质TH免疫反应细胞较对侧明显减少。采用此方法建立的大鼠帕金森氏病模型更加符合临床PD病人的病程进展并明显提高成功率。  相似文献   

研究与开发(R&D)项目评估方法的一种比较分析     

曾德明  王贵军 《科技与管理》2002,4(4):34-38

过去,大量文献资料介绍了关于研究与开发(R&D)项目评估的方法,并大多集中在R&D项目评估方法得以建立的最根本的理论基础方面,很少论及方法的有效性和适应性,没有对方法的优劣和应用进行比较分析。在运用层次分析法(AHP)的基础上,对一些主要的R&D项目评估方法进行比较分析,研究了影响这些评估方法有效性的各种因素,并应用敏感性分析法确定出哪些是关键因素。  相似文献   

Community Networks: Rules of Behavior and Social Structure     

Fiorella De Cindio  Oliverio Gentile  Philip Grew  Daniela Redolfi 《The Information Society》2003,19(5):395-406

This article investigates the intertwining relationships between the Gemeinschaft and the Gesellschaft dimension of a community network (CN)—that is, of a virtual community whose members' common interest is a locality, in our case the city of Milan, Italy. The article looks through the experience of the last 7 years of life on RCM—the Milan Community Network—to reflect on the role that the sharing of rules of behavior has on the evolution of social structure in a virtual community. It identifies three phases of development—the design phase, the first growth phase, and the most recent phase—and presents the social structure set up to guarantee governance of the CN. The conclusions show that the third phase is not an actual stable state, as the continuous evolution of the societal and technological context requires continuous redesign of the CN itself in order to meet the renewed demands of a new context.  相似文献   

论矿物材料计算与设计   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

任瑞晨  梁天书  李彩霞  程建伟  董庆国  傅国辉  陈德忠 《资源科学》2005,27(3):167-174

矿产资源产业是国民经济的基础产业,非金属矿产是重要的固体矿产之一,80%的矿物用于材料工业,矿物加工是矿产资源高效利用、制备矿物材料的重要加工技术环节,矿物材料是国民经济中高新技术材料的重要组成,材料科学及矿物材料学科的发展,为矿物材料计算与设计理论的提出奠定了实际基础.借鉴材料设计与计算的理论和方法,在总结、分析和研究矿物加工及矿物材料制备方面大量的理论研究和实际成果的基础上,提出了矿物材料计算与设计及功能性矿物材料、复合材料化学改性药剂分子设计与模拟的学术思想,论述了矿物材料计算与设计的基本科学技术问题、研究内容、相关学科体系、研究层次及其学科地位.其意义在于:使矿物加工工程学科发展和功能性矿物材料的研发,建立在基本科学原理基础之上,将矿物加工工程学科的主要研究内容统一在总体的方向、目标之内,横向拓展了相关学科理论的研究范围;根据矿物结构、组成,通过设计与计算,对矿物材料性能进行预测、预报,进而为制备提供最佳技术路线;对于已知性能的矿物材料优化制备路线,系统分析各种矿物的结构与组成及其所具备固有性质,针对各种材料性质要求,排列对应关系,为复合材料的制备奠定基础,进而实现矿物资源的高效开发和利用,同时,使得材料设计或计算材料的学科基础向研究矿物组成与结构的纵向延伸,丰富了材料科学思想.  相似文献   

企业集群与供应链的共生性研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

夏德  程国平 《研究与发展管理》2003,15(6):62-66

针对具有时代经济特点的产业企业集群和为适应并驾驭这种经济的供应链模式,讨论了二者在具体运作过程中相互依存共同发展的共生性和战略目标上的趋同性,试图阐明二者协调发展的共生机理。  相似文献   

Does school time matter?—On the impact of compulsory education age on school dropout     

Sofie J. Cabus  Kristof De Witte 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(6):1384-1398

A straightforward way to prevent students from leaving education without a higher secondary diploma is increasing the compulsory education age. The idea is that, by staying longer in school, more students eventually obtain a higher secondary diploma. This paper examines the impact of a one-year increase in compulsory school-age on dropping out of secondary education by a difference-in-differences analysis. For this, we exploit a recent compulsory education policy reform in the Netherlands. After controlling for confounding factors and observable covariates, we find that the one year increase in compulsory school-age reduces dropout by 2.5 percentage points. The effect, however, is entirely situated in the group non-liable to the policy reform. We observe that native Dutch vocational students, mostly without retention in grade, but also without a higher secondary diploma at hand, more often left school in the immediate period before the policy reform. Given the economic revival at that time, this may reflect anticipation of labor market opportunities.  相似文献   

Anatomical Sciences Education Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2011 Cover Image     

Veronica Macchi  Andrea Porzionato  Carla Stecco  Cesare Tiengo  Anna Parenti  Adriano Cestrone  Raffaele De Caro 《Anatomical sciences education》2011,4(3)

Medical Gross Anatomy lecture at the University of Padova, Italy. Gross Anatomy at the University of Padova is taught utilizing both traditional and technological resources, which are integrated with practical laboratory exercises (mainly on plastic models and plastinated specimens) as well as radiological anatomy. In this issue of ASE, Dr. Veronica Macchi and her colleagues from the Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology at the University of Padova discuss an innovative pilot project with their University Hospital in which they obtain body parts removed from patients during surgical procedures and utilize them for gross anatomy education. The cover photograph shows one of the co‐authors of this paper, Professor Raffaele De Caro and his students, performing dissection of the distal forearm and hand in the anatomy lecture theater at the University of Padova.  相似文献   

金融危机预警报道的缺失与美国新闻的变质     

李德 《新闻与传播研究》2011,(1)

美国媒体金融危机预警报道等方面的缺失和公信力的大幅下降,反映了新自由主义经济政策影响下美国媒体日趋垄断化,导致新闻日益商业化和娱乐化,发生了根本性的质变。  相似文献