虚拟社区知识共享困局及应对——基于无限重复博弈     

彭小晶  郑小强 《现代情报》2015,35(3):34-36,56

网络虚拟社区的发展依赖于社区知识共享的程度,通过博弈模型的构建与分析发现,不完全信息、有限重复、初始策略选择不共享都会导致虚拟社区知识共享陷入困局。但是,在时期界限变为无限大,即社区成员对通过社区获取知识产生依赖时,可能会出现新的均衡,形成虚拟社区知识共享无限重复博弈,导入激励机制及提高社区知识总量可以使这种可能性成为现实。  相似文献   

Gestalt principles of creating learning business ontologies for knowledge codification     

Tatiana Gavrilova  Irina Leshcheva  Elvira Strakhovich 《知识管理研究与实践》2015,13(4):418-428

This paper presents an approach aimed at creating business ontologies for knowledge codification in company. It is based on the principles of ontological engineering and cognitive psychology. Ontologies that describe the main concepts of knowledge are used both for knowledge creation and codification. The proposed framework is targeted at the development of methodologies that can scaffold the process of knowledge structuring and orchestrating for better understanding and knowledge sharing. The orchestrating procedure is the kernel of ontology development. The main stress is put on using visual techniques of mind mapping. Cognitive bias and some results of Gestalt psychology are highlighted as a general guideline. The ideas of balance, clarity, and beauty are applied to the ontology orchestrating procedures. The examples are taken mainly from the project management practice. The paper contributes to managerial practice by describing the practical recommendations for effective knowledge management based on ontology engineering and knowledge structuring techniques.  相似文献   

Breaking the filter bubble: democracy and design     

Engin Bozdag  Jeroen van den Hoven 《Ethics and Information Technology》2015,17(4):249-265

It has been argued that the Internet and social media increase the number of available viewpoints, perspectives, ideas and opinions available, leading to a very diverse pool of information. However, critics have argued that algorithms used by search engines, social networking platforms and other large online intermediaries actually decrease information diversity by forming so-called “filter bubbles”. This may form a serious threat to our democracies. In response to this threat others have developed algorithms and digital tools to combat filter bubbles. This paper first provides examples of different software designs that try to break filter bubbles. Secondly, we show how norms required by two democracy models dominate the tools that are developed to fight the filter bubbles, while norms of other models are completely missing in the tools. The paper in conclusion argues that democracy itself is a contested concept and points to a variety of norms. Designers of diversity enhancing tools must thus be exposed to diverse conceptions of democracy.  相似文献   

A new solution to the gamer’s dilemma     

Rami Ali 《Ethics and Information Technology》2015,17(4):267-274

Luck (2009) argues that gamers face a dilemma when it comes to performing certain virtual acts. Most gamers regularly commit acts of virtual murder, and take these acts to be morally permissible. They are permissible because unlike real murder, no one is harmed in performing them; their only victims are computer-controlled characters, and such characters are not moral patients. What Luck points out is that this justification equally applies to virtual pedophelia, but gamers intuitively think that such acts are not morally permissible. The result is a dilemma: either gamers must reject the intuition that virtual pedophelic acts are impermissible and so accept partaking in such acts, or they must reject the intuition that virtual murder acts are permissible, and so abstain from many (if not most) extant games. While the prevailing solution to this dilemma has been to try and find a morally relevant feature to distinguish the two cases, I argue that a different route should be pursued. It is neither the case that all acts of virtual murder are morally permissible, nor are all acts of virtual pedophelia impermissible. Our intuitions falter and produce this dilemma because they are not sensitive to the different contexts in which games present virtual acts.  相似文献   

Virtuous reality: moral theory and research into cyber-bullying     

Tom Harrison 《Ethics and Information Technology》2015,17(4):275-283

This article draws on a study investigating how 11–14 year olds growing up in England understand cyber-bullying as a moral concern. Three prominent moral theories: deontology, utilitarianism and virtue ethics, informed the development of a semi-structured interview schedule which enabled young people, in their own words, to describe their experiences of online and offline bullying. Sixty 11–14 year olds from six schools across England were involved with the research. Themes emerging from the interviews included anonymity; the absence of rules, monitoring and guidance and, the challenges associated with determining the consequences of online actions. The findings demonstrate the advantages of adopting a character-based moral theory to compliment rules and/or consequence based moral theories as the basis for future research into cyber-bullying. The findings evoke some wider implications for future research into cyber-bullying that might equally be applied to investigations into other Internet related moral concerns.  相似文献   

东南海疆研究数据库的构建与发展策略     

郑咏青  王爽 《图书馆杂志》2015,(3):39-46

东南海疆区域具有典型的海洋文化特征,厦门大学图书馆着力收集以族谱、碑刻、田野调查、地方史料为主的民间资料和中外文地图资料,构建了独具特色的"东南海疆研究数据库"。构建过程包括主题大纲的确定、数据库文献类型及收录范围的确定、元数据标引中主题词表与地区名称表的定制、用户需求的分析以及系统架构等。该数据库内容丰富、持续更新、技术完善,但也存在数据收集不均衡、使用率低的问题。针对不足,未来该数据库将分级定位地理区块,全面收藏各类资源;并尝试以核心人物和热点问题为线索构建数据库专题;探寻灰色文献收集渠道;同时依托厦大研究学者众多的优势,借助校友力量采集数据;以专题服务为重点,参与院系教学科研;更须着力提升用户体验,宣传推介数据库的使用。  相似文献   

大数据环境下数字图书馆的基本职能     

王锰  郑建明  陈雅 《情报资料工作》2015,(3):109-112

数字图书馆作为一种信息环境,其基本属性仍是收藏属性,基本职能仍是文献收藏。在大数据环境下,尤其需要重视对数字信息资源的整理与收藏,在这个过程中需要政府的强力支持,数字资源呈缴制度的建立与法律保障,数字图书馆联盟的组织,国家图书馆的核心领导,信息生产商、出版商、网络用户、技术商的合作,图书馆、档案馆、个人用户的协调,以发挥数字图书馆在大数据环境下保存和传承人类文化的基本职能。  相似文献   

新中国体育发展方式的演进与规律     

刘晖  程亚红  刘峥  王平 《首都体育学院学报》2015,27(4)

新中国体育发展方式的变化是伴随着中国社会的变迁而进行的,并且呈现出特殊的发展轨迹.采用文献资料法等,对新中国体育发展的演进过程和规律进行研究,认为新中国体育发展大致经历了赶超型体育发展方式,以市场化、社会化为核心的发展导向型体育发展方式和科学发展观为核心的进步导向型体育发展方式3个阶段.这一演进过程的启示为:重视加快体育发展方式的转变;重视创新,运用先进知识加快体育发展方式的转变;重视落实以人为本的思想;重视运用正确方法转变体育发展方式.  相似文献   

The Role of Endurance Contests in the Construction of Authority and Social Order in Rural China: Cases in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China     

Guohua Zheng 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(8):1057-1070

By investigating four cases from the Qing Dynasty (1622–1911) and from the Republic of China (1911–1949), it was found that inter-village disputes normally arose because of uneven distribution of public resources in China's rural society. To settle the disputes, villagers tended to apply civil mediation, normally conducting endurance contests, rather than seek governmental arbitration. The authority and social order was thereby based on endurance contests. Conducting such contests was certainly advantageous to larger villages in their quest for more public resources. However, it simultaneously restricted their privatization of public resources, as the smaller villagers were able to equally raise their voices to resist them and to obtain their own public resources by proposing and participating in endurance contests. Although originally it was an unfair way of settling the disputes over uneven distribution of public resources in rural China, it gave hope to the disadvantaged to protect their own rights and interests at a time when governmental arbitration could not be relied upon.  相似文献   

消费者调节聚焦对赛事赞助效果的影响研究     

杨洋  方正  江明华 《体育科学》2015,(1)

采用两个实验重点研究了消费者调节聚焦对赛事赞助效果的影响及其作用机制,解决了现有研究间的矛盾。结果显示,消费者调节聚焦会调节赛事质量和赞助匹配对品牌资产的影响强度;对于趋近型消费者,赞助匹配对品牌资产的路径系数显著大于赛事质量;对于规避型消费者,赛事质量对品牌资产的路径系数大于赞助匹配,但没发现显著差异;赞助态度和定位清晰度在赛事赞助和品牌资产之间具有中介作用;调节聚焦通过调节赛事赞助对赞助态度和定位清晰度的影响进而影响品牌资产,而非通过调节赞助态度和定位清晰度对品牌资产的影响而产生作用。赞助匹配无论是通过操控同一品牌的不同赞助方式获得,还是操控不同匹配水平的两个品牌获得;调节聚焦无论采用情景性调节聚焦,还是特质性调节聚焦,均得到一致的研究结果。  相似文献