Monument Annuity as an Economic Tool,and Its Application to Croatia     

Jadran Antolović 《Cultural Trends》2007,16(4):301-321

Preservation of the built heritage is not just a matter of preserving the historic features of buildings and landscape, but also of preserving their economic value. A building or site's historic character and economic value can be successfully preserved only if the building is well managed, maintained and conserved by the owner. Therefore, it is in the interest of the owner, to require anyone using such property to pay towards the costs through the collection of a monument annuity. The introduction of monument annuity in Croatia has already had a considerable effect on the amount available for expenditure on maintaining the cultural heritage. An annuity is a payment for the use of a fixed resource, such as land, natural resources or in this case a cultural monument. The theory of annuities has been developed by numerous economic theorists, primarily examining land annuities. The monument annuity provides an economic basis for collecting assets for the consumption of the monument in terms of its attributes and represents a pecuniary equivalent for direct and/or indirect monument consumption. It also regulates monument consumption and stimulates the owner to manage the monument with a view to its preservation. The concept of monument annuity represents an economic instrument through which the economic value of the monument is asserted on the market. Through its functions the annuity enables the management of protected built heritage as well as the realization of the most important objective of protection, not only the preservation of the monument value, but also the ‘wise use’ of built heritage in economic development.  相似文献   

Information retrieval for online patient groups     

Rada R 《Health information and libraries journal》2006,23(1):60-64

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The origin of syngenite in black crusts on the limestone monument King's Gate (Belgrade Fortress,Serbia) – the role of agriculture fertiliser     

Vesna Matović  Suzana Erić  Aleksandar Kremenović  Philippe Colomban  Danica Srećković-Batoćanin  Nenad Matović 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(2):175-186

Black crusts formed on limestone built into the King's Gate represent the most important process in stone deterioration that is occurring in this part of the monumental complex of the Belgrade Fortress (Serbia). Of special importance is the association of salts (namely gypsum and syngenite). Syngenite is a common secondary deposit on granite monuments and on medieval stained glass (i.e., on K-containing materials). However, its appearance over calcareous substrates is not apparent, particularly in cases where cement mortar was not used for bounding. The origins of the potassium and sulphate ions required for syngenite formation are related to meteoritic water, which penetrates the soil above the arch of King's Gate. Water dissolves some soil components and becomes enriched with various ions before coming into contact with the limestone blocks. Enriched water contains two times more K⁺ and SO₄^2? ions than pristine meteoritic water does. The source of the required ions is potassium-sulphate that is present in agricultural fertilisers that are used above the monument. The proposed mechanism for syngenite formation was additionally supported with laboratory experiment. The results of X-ray diffractometry and SEM-EDS analyses of limestone treated with potassium-sulphate solution and sulphuric acid suggest the possibility that the syngenite was formed over calcite:CaCO₃ + K₂SO₄ + H₂SO₄ → K₂Ca(SO₄)₂ H₂O + CO₂↑However, the complex mechanisms of gypsum and syngenite formation under natural conditions (variable concentration of potassium and sulphate ions, intermediates phases, temperature changes, humidity, the amount of disposable water etc.) do not exclude the possibility of syngenite formation over gypsum.  相似文献   

Using a situation awareness approach to determine decision-making behaviour in squash     

Stafford Murray  Janez Perš  Rok Mandeljc  Goran Vučković 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(12):1415-1422

Situation awareness (SA) refers to the awareness of all relevant sources of information, an ability to synthesise this information using domain knowledge gained from past experiences and the ability to physically respond to a situation. Expert-novice differences have been widely reported in decision-making in complex situations although determining the small differences in expert behaviour are more elusive. This study considered how expert squash players use SA to decide on what shot to play. Matches at the 2010 (n = 14) and 2011 (n = 27) Rowe British Grand Prix were recorded and processed using Tracker software. Shot type, ball location, players’ positions on court and movement parameters between the time an opponent played a shot prior to the player’s shot to the time of the opponent’s following shot were captured 25 times per second. Six SA clusters were named to relate to the outcome of a shot ranging from a defensive shot played under pressure to create time to an attempted winner played under no pressure with the opponent out of position. This new methodology found fine-grained SA differences in expert behaviour, even for the same shot type played from the same court area, beyond the usual expert-novice differences.  相似文献   

Sharing the cost: health information licensing programmes in Canada     

Vivian Stieda  Marijana Bačić 《Health information and libraries journal》2009,26(4):322-330

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Students’ perspective on the first programming language: C-like or Pascal-like languages?     

Stelios Xinogalos  Tomáš Pitner  Mirjana Ivanović  Miloš Savić 《Education and Information Technologies》2018,23(1):287-302

The choice of the first programming language (FPL) has been a controversial issue for several decades. Nearly everyone agrees that the FPL is important and affects students’ subsequent education on programming. The study presented in this article investigates the suitability of various C-like and Pascal-like programming languages as a FPL. Students from three Universities express their perceptions on the FPL through a specially designed questionnaire. The students had been introduced to programming using different FPLs and having experience on more than one language and formulated two distinct groups: a group introduced to programming with a C-like and another with a Pascal-like language. The statistical analysis of the data collected showed that the choice of the FPL does not have a deep impact on difficulties that novices may experience when learning the basics of programming. However, this result was recorded in the context of three distinct programming courses that were positively evaluated by students in relation to their content, organization and quality. Consequently, this study indicates that the overall quality of the course and the instructors have a great impact on a smooth introduction to programming no matter what the FPL is.  相似文献   

Bilateral symmetry and the competitive standard attained in elite and sub-elite sport     

Tomkinson GR  Popović N  Martin M 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(3):201-211

Deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, in a normally symmetric organism, signal a lack of developmental precision. In adult human males, previous studies have shown that symmetry is positively associated with height, body mass and physical performance. In this study, symmetry was measured in adult male athletes from two sports, competing at two different standards. Fifty-two elite and sub-elite Australian male basketballers and soccer players, who regularly competed in the national and state leagues in the 2000-2001 season, participated in the study. All participants underwent anthropometric assessment. Both basketballers and national league athletes in general were significantly taller (P < 0.0001) and heavier (P < 0.001) (and more ectomorphic in the case of basketballers) than their soccer-playing and state league counterparts, respectively. The anthropometric traits were examined further for departures from perfect bilateral symmetry. No significant differences in size-corrected asymmetry were observed between the two competitive standards (P > 0.50), the two sports (P > 0.50) or among any of the competitive standard x sport groups (P > 0.50). Contrary to expectations, we did not find any differences in asymmetry between adult male athletes from two sports (basketball and soccer), competing at two different standards (professional national league and semi-professional state league).  相似文献   

Yugoslav Universities and Inter‐University International Co‐Operation     

Slobodan Unković 《Higher Education in Europe》1990,15(1):8-11

Inter‐university international co‐operation is very strongly favoured by the Yugoslav government as part of its overall policy of nonalignment. Numerous bilateral and multilateral projects are being pursued by the Union of Universities of Yugoslavia and by individual Yugoslav universities. The sponsorship of the “University Today” International Seminar by the Union is one manifestation of this policy as is the encouragement which it gives its member universities to join appropriate international university associations, including regional ones. Currently, the Union is favouring the increased international exchange of students. The internationalization of universities opens them to the most progressive and advanced tendencies in teaching and in research.  相似文献   

Preventive Conservation in an Outdoor Sculpture Collection     

Sagita Mirjam Sunara  Neven Peko  Ivana Miletić Čakširan 《文物保护研究》2018,63(5):428-430

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A Comparative Study of Information Literacy Skill Performance of Students in Agricultural Sciences     

Tomaž Bartol  Danica Dolničar  Bojana Boh Podgornik  Blaž Rodič  Tihomir Zoranović 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2018,44(3):374-382

The aim was to assess the information literacy (IL) of 310 first- and second-year students enrolled in nine different study programs at the School of Agriculture (Faculty of Agriculture), Novi Sad, Serbia, using an adapted version of a validated IL test (ILT) in an e-environment. Because the school does not provide systematic IL education, another purpose was to raise awareness of the importance of such instruction. ILT results were assessed according to five ACRL (Association of College & Research Libraries) standards, as well as three cognitive levels adapted from Bloom's taxonomy. The mean ILT score was 46.35%. Students were most successful in information evaluation and information need identification, and least successful in legal/ethical issues and information use. As expected, IL skills increase from the first to second year of study. Cognitive skills also increase, except for the highest level (applying knowledge), where all student groups are weak. Different study programs attract students with disparate knowledge/skill levels gained during secondary education, where some groups of first-year students may outperform second-year students in both IL and cognitive abilities. It is thus important to offer IL education to all students in order to provide a basis for more balanced academic progress.  相似文献