我国少数民族本科预科课程教学定位的基本依据与原则探析     

卜爱华  刘端  欧艳婵 《当代教育论坛》2011,(7)

民族预科课程教学定位问题一直困扰着我国民族预科教育,影响教学质量的德定和提高.文章分析了预科课程教学的特殊性,从学生民族文化背景的多样性与教学标准统一要求相协调、知识传授与思想教育相结合、知识积累与学习能力发展相结合、以教师为主导与充分发挥学生主体性相结合、尊重学生文化背景与发挥多元文化的积极作用相结合等10个方面提出了少数民族本科预科课程教学定位的基本原则,旨在促进民族预科教学的科学化、规范化.  相似文献   

我国空间科学卫星任务国际合作管理实践与思考——以中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项为例          下载免费PDF全文

王赤  李超  孙丽琳 《中国科学院院刊》2020,35(8):1032-1040

国际合作是空间科学发展的客观需要,也是我国走近世界空间科学舞台中央的必由之路。中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项(以下简称"空间科学先导专项")的空间科学卫星系列任务在全生命周期的创新发展链条上开展了全面、广泛、全方位、多层次的实质性国际合作,合作伙伴涉及欧洲空间局、欧洲主要航天国家,以及美国、俄罗斯、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本、新加坡等。空间科学先导专项通过建立双边战略研讨机制、共建国际研究机构,促进国际交流与合作,深化任务的国际论证,以及优选先进的科学探测仪器,确保科学目标的原创性和重大性。通过加强合作任务的工程管理和科学管理,实行"项目双首席科学家"和"载荷科学家"模式,促进重大成果产出。文章梳理了空间科学卫星系列任务的国际合作情况,重点阐述对不同层级国际合作的管理实践,对事关国际合作成败的常见问题进行思考并提出了对策建议,力求为后续国际合作任务管理提供重要参考。  相似文献   

Olivine-norite rock detected by the lunar rover Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA-impact melt pool     

Honglei Lin  Zhiping He  Wei Yang  Yangting Lin  Rui Xu  Chi Zhang  Meng-Hua Zhu  Rui Chang  Jinhai Zhang  Chunlai Li  Hongyu Lin  Yang Liu  Sheng Gou  Yong Wei  Sen Hu  Changbin Xue  Jianfeng Yang  Jie Zhong  Xiaohui Fu  Weixing Wan  Yongliao Zou 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(5):913

Chang’E-4 landed in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, providing a unique chance to probe the composition of the lunar interior. Its landing site is located on ejecta strips in Von Kármán crater that possibly originate from the neighboring Finsen crater. A surface rock and the lunar regolith at 10 sites along the rover Yutu-2 track were measured by the onboard Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in the first three lunar days of mission operations. In situ spectra of the regolith have peak band positions at 1 and 2 μm, similar to the spectral data of Finsen ejecta from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, which confirms that the regolith''s composition of the landing area is mostly similar to that of Finsen ejecta. The rock spectrum shows similar band peak positions, but stronger absorptions, suggesting relatively fresh exposure. The rock may consist of 38.1 ± 5.4% low-Ca pyroxene, 13.9 ± 5.1% olivine and 48.0 ± 3.1% plagioclase, referred to as olivine-norite. The plagioclase-abundant and olivine-poor modal composition of the rock is inconsistent with the origin of the mantle, but representative of the lunar lower crust. Alternatively, the rock crystallized from the impact-derived melt pool formed by the SPA-impact event via mixing the lunar crust and mantle materials. This scenario is consistent with fast-cooling thermal conditions of a shallow melt pool, indicated by the fine to medium-sized texture (<3 mm) of the rock and the SPA-impact melting model [Icarus 2012; 220: 730–43].  相似文献   

Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations     

Xier Luo  Yu Zhou  Bing Zhang  Yi Zhang  Xiaobo Wang  Tong Feng  Zhipeng Li  Kuiqing Cui  Zhiqiang Wang  Chan Luo  Hui Li  Yanfei Deng  Fenghua Lu  Jianlin Han  Yongwang Miao  Huaming Mao  Xiaoyan Yi  Cheng Ai  Shigang Wu  Alun Li  Zhichao Wu  Zijun Zhuo  Do Da Giang  Bikash Mitra  Mohammad Farhad Vahidi  Shahid Mansoor  Sahar Ahmed Al-Bayatti  Eka Meutia Sari  Neena Amatya Gorkhali  Sigit Prastowo  Laiba Shafique  Guoyou Ye  Qian Qian  Baoshan Chen  Deshun Shi  Jue Ruan  Qingyou Liu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(3):686

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.  相似文献   

Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows     

Yanhua Qu  Chunhai Chen  Ying Xiong  Huishang She  Yong E Zhang  Yalin Cheng  Shane DuBay  Dongming Li  Per G P Ericson  Yan Hao  Hongyuan Wang  Hongfeng Zhao  Gang Song  Hailin Zhang  Ting Yang  Chi Zhang  Liping Liang  Tianyu Wu  Jinyang Zhao  Qiang Gao  Weiwei Zhai  Fumin Lei 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(1):113

Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.  相似文献   

The romance and reality of policy‐making and implementation: a case study of the target‐oriented curriculum in Hong Kong     

Chi Chung Lam 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(6):641-655

One of the major innovations in the recent wave of education reform in Hong Kong is the target‐oriented curriculum. An interesting feature of this new curriculum initiative was its amoebic characteristics – changing shape and focus in its course of development. It was reshaped from an assessment system for accountability purposes to a centrally developed curriculum initiative for improving teaching and learning, and finally to a school‐based curriculum development. In this paper, this course of development and the reasons behind it will be described and analysed. The study suggests that the two‐tier educational policy and implementation system in Hong Kong is a major cause leading to such a phenomenon. If this system were not improved, the possibility of achieving real changes at the school and classroom level would be low.  相似文献   

Guest editors: The Internet and the engendering of transnational alternative soundscapes in the Asia-Pacific – introduction to the symposium on popular music and the Internet in Asia     

Kai Khiun Liew  Brenda Chan 《亚洲交流杂志》2013,23(4):345-347

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儿童、少年篮球运动员选材标准的研制过程与方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

池建  邢文华  林珍瑜 《北京体育大学学报》1993,(4)

经经验初选、统计筛选(主成份分析和聚类分析)、小样本测试检验和专业理论知识分析评定4个步骤,在初步拟定的40项选材指标中选出6大类、16项指标为本课题的选材指标。旨在建立全国统一的各年龄段儿童、少年篮球运动员的选材指标体系,并制定选材标准及评价方法。  相似文献   

普通高校对实施《体育与健康》课程认识的调查研究     

王革  卓莉  张驰  唐海军 《体育科研》2004,25(1):69-71

采用文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈等科研方法对普通高校实施《体育与健康》课程认识进行调查,结果表明:多数高校体育教师认为《体育与健康》课程符合大学生的身心发展特点,赞成《体育与健康》的提法,并肯定了其效果。  相似文献   

对普通高校不同职称公体课教师专业能力自我评价的比较分析     

金赤 《武汉体育学院学报》1998,(2)

本文采用国际上公认的量表分析模式,从体育教学的医学与法律、人类生长与发展、体育教学的心理与社会、体育教学的生物与生理、体育教学的理论与技巧和体育教学实践六个方面对普通高校不同职称公体课教师的专业能力进行比较分析,以考察他们在专业能力方面自我评价的特卢、和差异性。  相似文献