Governance for system optimization and system change: The case of urban waste     

Markus M. Bugge  Arne Martin Fevolden  Antje Klitkou 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):1076-1090

This paper analyses urban waste systems to explore how local authorities can resolve challenges related to climate change, urbanization and resource depletion. The paper investigates how different public governance regimes affect local authorities’ ability to move upwards in the waste hierarchy. It identifies three different governance regimes – traditional bureaucracy, new public management and networked governance – and uses the insights from innovation in urban waste in three Norwegian city regions – Oslo, Drammen and Bergen – to illuminate how these regimes possess both strengths and weaknesses in how they affect system optimization and system change. The observed working practices signal that the issue of urban waste systems is perceived as a challenge of system optimization rather than system change. Viewing this as a challenge requiring system change would probably have ensured a stronger directionality and a broader anchoring of actors. Such an approach is likely to have arrived at a waste prevention mode earlier than the step-by-step-solutions implemented so far. The paper concludes that there is not one best governance regime, but a need to acknowledge their co-existence and carefully consider the characteristics of the respective regimes in order to arrange urban waste systems for long-term dynamic and sustainable city regions.  相似文献   

京津冀区域技术转移网络结构与网络治理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李庆博  李子彪 《科技管理研究》2019,39(3)

本文对近三年京津冀区域技术交易流量情况进行统计分析,结合社会网络分析法构建了京津冀13个城市间的技术转移网络,并分析其时空分布及演变特征。发现了京津冀区域技术转移的联系整体性逐渐加强,区域技术转移的凝聚力也逐渐增强,但仍处于较低水平。也印证了京津冀区域技术转移网络“核心—边缘”结构特征,并发现天津在京津冀区域技术转移中的中介、传递作用不足,且处于降低趋势。针对此问题,本文还提出构建京津冀区域技术转移网络治理机制的相关建议,供管理部门决策参考。  相似文献   

跨域环境治理的多元主体共建共享机制     

褚义景  .戴胜利 《科技管理研究》2019,(21)

跨域环境治理领域内的多元主体共建共享机制能否以及如何构建是一个备受关注的话题。文章在审视跨域环境治理特性的基础上,回答了为什么要构建多元主体共建共享机制的问题;根据过程分析理论的有关结论,解析跨域环境治理的流程与环节,回应了如何构建多元主体共建共享机制的问题。文章认为,通过多元主体共建共享机制的设计,达成政府、市场、社会团体和公众在内的多元主体合作共治,是实现区域环境公共利益最大化的重要途径。  相似文献   

民办学校分类管理改革的碎片化及对策——基于整体性治理的视角     

李文章 《复旦教育论坛》2018,16(5):107-112

民办学校分类管理改革对象、主体、任务的复杂性决定了必须以整体性治理思维推进实施。从整体性治理的视角看,目前分类管理改革的推进存在较为明显的“碎片化”问题,突出表现为制度设计的碎片化、部际关系的碎片化、监督控制的碎片化。治理政策执行碎片化,提升分类管理改革的整合和协同力度,应完善政策体系,提升分类管理政策构建的系统性;整合部际关系,提升分类管理改革推进的协同性;健全监控机制,提升分类管理改革的实效性。  相似文献   

The teaching–research nexus and the importance of context: a comparative study of England and Sweden     

John Taylor 《Compare》2008,38(1):53-69

The teaching–research nexus has been studied by many researchers, mainly looking at pedagogic links and direct benefits arising from the interaction of both activities. The paper takes a comparative approach, looking at the relationship between teaching and research in four universities from two different countries. This paper argues that contextual factors are vital in shaping the nature of the relationship and also identifies differences between disciplines in how these contextual factors may be understood. In particular, the contrasting structural and political contexts provided by two different national settings are seen to have a crucial role in shaping institutional activity.  相似文献   

Building world class universities through innovative teaching governance     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2021

There is a growing interest in educational innovation in universities at a global level, as a tool designed to create strategic changes in order to improve quality. This study evaluates the global improvement in universities as a result of educational innovation governance, as a pillar of the so-called world-class research universities and as a tool for continuous improvement in higher education. The methodology has been designed by different educational innovation groups from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Universidad de Cádiz, and the International Project Management Association Spanish Board, and includes an analysis of 67 universities from 20 countries. The study is based on 32 universities in Spain, as well as 35 other international universities that carry out educational innovation activity. The results show that universities that have a more mature educational innovation governance in place, both in Spain as well as in other countries, are higher in the ranking of universities (Webometrics). These universities demonstrate a tendency to work on educational innovation projects, which are contributing to strategic changes that will permanently revitalise teaching, whilst also improving research and its links to society.  相似文献   

理性的“诱惑”：加拿大大学学术治理的变革与启示     

余利川  段鑫星 《复旦教育论坛》2020,18(3):98-105

经济、行政科层理性主导逻辑驱动了加拿大大学学术治理的组织、环境、挑战与路径变革。大学学术治理组织角色与权责实现不足，规模扩张、席位构成复杂化，行政权力增强、组织运行低效的趋向，折射出效率与有效性价值的理性“诱惑”。在宏观国际、中观政策和微观组织层面，大学学术治理置身于参与全球知识经济竞争、转变财政资助战略、承受市场化与绩效评估压力的环境中。学术治理面临商业化与“条件性”财政资助、行政权力膨胀与学术权力式微、“倒逼”提升组织运行有效性的共性挑战。平衡学术治理市场化的压力、调和行政权力与学术权力的张力、提升学术治理载体治理能力的改革路向，为探索和推动我国大学学术治理改革提供有益参考。  相似文献   

Criteria and indicators as negotiated knowledge and the challenge of transfer     

Inka Bormann 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2007,6(1):1-14

This paper aims to understand the effects on which criteria and indicators for (education for) sustainable development [(E)SD] are based in terms of knowledge transfer. Therefore, (E)SD criteria and indicators in general are regarded as negotiated and established knowledge, incorporating expectations. As such, this knowledge can be spread throughout the educational system in order to create a new order brought about by learning. Such a knowledge transfer takes place in different contexts, for instance, while (a) developing criteria and indicators, (b) applying them in organisations, and (c) reporting on criteria and indicators, thereby contributing to the diffusion of concrete social knowledge. The transfer of knowledge incorporated in criteria and indicators is revisited in the light of the concept of ‘loose coupling’ and of different paradigms, and is inspired by neo-institutionalist approaches. Drawing on these concepts, the paper discusses the challenge of transfer and suggests to overcome one-dimensional approaches to (E)SD development.  相似文献   

算法教育治理：技术逻辑、风险挑战与公共政策     

肖凤翔  张双志 《中国电化教育》2020,(1):76-84

智慧学习、智慧课堂、智慧校园等智慧教育的具象形态,从本质上来说,就是算法学习、算法课堂、算法校园,这也使得算法教育治理日益成为教育现代化进程中不可忽略的研究议题。遵循"技术逻辑→风险挑战→公共政策"的分析框架对算法教育治理进行系统探讨,发现由于数据鸿沟、算法黑箱、效率优先等众多因素的复合影响,导致算法教育存在自我强化偏差、技术控制困境、主体性危机等治理难题,也让教育公平、教育平等、教育效率等传统议题在"互联网+教育"时代显得更加突出。为规避只注重相关关系描述,而不重视因果关系研究的算法给教育带来的风险挑战,可从算法教育基础的数据正义、算法教育程序的合理公开、算法教育结果的有限使用等三个层面开展对算法教育治理的公共政策选择,以更好地推动人工智能在实现发展更加公平更有质量教育过程中的重要作用。  相似文献   

基于J2EE平台和MVC模型的电子政务系统的设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韦加强  潘荫荣 《绵阳师范学院学报》2005,24(5):34-37

介绍了基于J2EE平台的MVC模式的软件开发思想。着重阐述了J2EE和MVC模式的结合，提出了一种基于J2EE平台和MVC模式的企业级应用开发方法，且以该方法实现一个虚拟的在线电子政务系统为例，来具体阐述其开发的具体步骤和技术细节。该系统具有设计清晰、模块性强等特点。有着良好的可扩展性和伸缩性。  相似文献