Do troublesome pupils impact teacher perception of the behaviour of their classmates?     

Albert W. Wienen  Laura Batstra  Ernst Thoutenhoofd  Elisabeth H. Bos  Peter de Jonge 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2019,34(1):114-123

The widely supported wish for more inclusive education places ever greater expectations on teachers’ abilities to teach all children, including those with special needs and challenging behaviours. The present study aimed at the question whether teachers judge pupil behaviour more negatively if there are more children with difficult behaviour in class. The teachers of 184 classes in 31 regular primary schools were asked to complete the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-L) for 3649 pupils. Six linear mixed models were carried out with as independent variable the number of pupils that teachers perceived to have ‘abnormal behaviour’, and the class mean without these pupils as the dependent variable. For all SDQ-L subscales – emotional problems, behavioural problems, problems with hyperactivity, problems with peers, poor prosocial behaviour and total problems – the number of pupils perceived as problematic was associated with less favourable teacher perceptions of the rest of the class. The results of this study are a plea for a contextual perspective on pupil behaviour in class, both where teachers are asked to report on individual pupils, as well as where interventions are done on emotional and behavioural problems in class.  相似文献   

In the interests of the child: psychiatry,adoption, and the emancipation of the single mother and her child – the case of the Netherlands (1945–1970)     

Nelleke Bakker 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2019,55(1):121-136

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses illegitimacy and single motherhood in the postwar period in the Netherlands from the perspective of what was considered to be in the interests of the child: being adopted by a married couple or being raised by the birthmother. It focuses particularly on the impact of psychiatry and the legalization of adoption in 1956 on the emancipation of the single mother and her child. The paper argues that the release of single motherhood and illegitimacy from the moral-religious stigmata of a “sinful fallen woman” and a “damned” or “degenerated” child has, in the Dutch case, not proceeded as a linear process. The process of emancipation toward proud and independent lone motherhood stagnated in the 1950s and 1960s because, when adoption was legalized, illegitimacy became an issue over which scientists, especially psychiatrists, gained the power of expert control. Guided by dynamic psychology and what they conceived of as the best interests of the child they declared single mothers to be victims of “sociopathology” and, consequently, unfit for motherhood. Adoption became the preferred option. This medicalised approach continued to dominate until the reawakening of feminism in the late 1960s made self-sufficient lone motherhood once more a respectable choice.  相似文献   

教育政策执行难的利益分析--以北京市流动儿童义务教育政策实施为例   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

班建武  余海婴 《教育科学》2006,22(3):10-13

在北京市流动儿童义务教育政策执行过程中,不同政策执行主体存在着不同的利益选择。从地方政府来看,维护地方利益和部门利益是其政策行为的重要价值依据。从学校来看,保证优质生源、确保教学质量是其应对政策的基本立场。从家长来看,生存需要第一,教育需要第二是其考量政策的根本出发点。这些不同利益选择所造成的张力大大削弱了政策执行的力度和效果,不利于流动儿童就学问题的有效解决。  相似文献   

The multiple logics of school gardening: a ‘return to nature’ or ‘love of labour’?     

Elsie Rockwell 《History of education》2020,49(4):536-552

ABSTRACT

This article explores the history of school gardens in educational projects linked to four scholars at Teachers College (Bigelow, Dewey, Kilpatrick and Carney) during the early twentieth century. It concludes that gardening activities were designed primarily for urban children who lacked experience in farming. The role of gardening in experimental schools in the North is compared with proposals for rural schools in the Midwest and for segregated schools for Black youth in the South. Various logics are identified by analysing the educational arguments used to promote or dismiss school gardening, and the rationales for educating or retaining a certain type of labour force. A combination of these arguments appears in Dewey’s vindication of the emergency production of foodstuffs during the First World War. The different logics point to the paradox connecting the themes of a ‘return to nature’ and ‘love of labour’ as constants in the school gardening discourse.  相似文献   

收获还是匮乏?——评余华新作《兄弟》兼论余华面临的写作危机     

沈杏培 《南京师范大学文学院学报》2007,(1):83-89

余华新作《兄弟》蕴含了作家对某些“更深的问题”的深沉思考与独特言说。小说圆融流畅的叙事节奏以及独特的儿童视角叙事充分显示出作家臻于成熟的叙事智慧,小说所涉及的苦难、历史、人性、死亡等主题注定了这是一部在内容和意蕴上都格外丰富而厚重的作品;而余华面对人类困境与历史苦难所出示的纾解方式以及他在小说中对人格体系的建构也暴露出他的创作缺陷和危机。  相似文献   

Drawing and the Aestheticisation of the Human Figure by Four‐ to Ten‐Year‐Old Botswana Children: Implications for Pedagogy     

Magdeline Chilalu Mannathoko  Attwell Mamvuto 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2019,38(2):376-386

Drawing is one of children's modes of communication which has recently excited academic inquiry in non‐Western cultures. It is the means through which children express their fears, desires, anxieties and conception of phenomena. This study investigated drawings by four‐ to ten‐year‐old Botswana children in response to the human figure as an aesthetic object. The methodology involved observing a sample of forty purposively selected children engaged in the drawing process and analysing their visual productions in addition to conversational talk about their art. The study found that the human figure was the dominant aesthetic subject across ages represented in both conventionalised form and personalised imagery. Older children showed interest in culture specific imagery and demonstrated mastery of occlusion and depth cues, while four‐year‐old children had limited spatial awareness. The study also found that children demonstrated gradual improvement of drawing skills with age. There was no significant difference in drawing competence between sexes. Pedagogical implications are suggested to scaffold children through the stages of art development.  相似文献   

A Review of Practical Reasoning in Child and Youth Research     

Anders Kruse Ljungdalh 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2016,60(5):554-575

The purpose of the review is to investigate various relations between the concepts of competence and participation found within child and youth research with the aim of identifying differences in practical reasoning of the various kinds of child research. The search identified 260 articles, and an in-depth analysis of 39 articles was conducted, elaborating the conceptual differences inherent in the different child research fields. Based on a philosophy of practice, the analysis identified 3 different causal connections between the concepts of competence and participation, indicating 3 different ways of understanding means and ends in child research. The review thereby offers an understanding of how and why interdisciplinary problems sometimes occur in education and child care.  相似文献   

论家庭环境对培养少儿体育意识的重要性     

张华 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(12):118-119

本文运用哲学、生理学、心理学等学科为指导,对家庭环境培养少儿体育意识的重要性进行了研究。阐述了少儿时期是体育意识形成的最佳时期,是体育意识形成的＂敏感期＂,是强身健体,开发少儿智力的有效途径,以及家庭环境在少儿成长的过程中所起的重要作用。  相似文献   

高校独生子女大学生体育生活方式特征与体质健康状况研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

裘玲珍  常华军 《浙江体育科学》2010,32(3):68-70,92

通过对高校独生子女大学生的体育生活方式与其体质健康状况的相关关系进行分析,得出建立良好的体育生活方式对独生子女大学生的体质健康有促进作用,同时对提高运动能力,加强身体素质,增强身体机能和促进身体的全面健康有着直接影响。  相似文献   

南京市业余体校少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析     

吴南怡  陆洪付 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(5):95-96,102

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法对南京市业余体校110名少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析。结果显示：在少儿短跑运动中最易出现损伤的部位为踝、大腿、膝、小腿,损伤类型以关节损伤、肌肉和韧带拉伤、肌肉劳损居多,而这些损伤大多由于准备活动不充分、训练安排不合理、疲劳、技术动作不规范和某方面身体素质差引起的。建议：加强预防的同时强调训练的科学化,正确及时处理损伤并合理安排计划。  相似文献