基于资源脱钩视角的资源型城市分类     

严太华  胡尧 《资源科学》2019,41(12):2172-2181

资源型城市转型与可持续发展是区域发展中的重要议题,合理识别资源型城市发展与转型状态是科学决策的前提。资源依赖是资源型城市发展的本质特征,本文通过分析资源型城市职能发展与城市-资源关系的互动演变规律,发现城市的优势职能可以合理反映城市发展与资源的依赖关系,并基于此提出了一种可行的分类方法：按照资源依赖强度,可以静态地将城市划分为强依赖型、中依赖型和弱依赖型;利用资源脱钩模型,可以动态地将城市分为强脱钩、弱脱钩、衰退性脱钩、强负脱钩、扩张性负脱钩和弱负脱钩6种状态。进一步对107个资源型城市的实证研究发现,资源型城市资源脱钩率整体呈现上升的趋势,资源型城市转型初见成效,分类结果较好地反映了地区发展现实。  相似文献   

中国地级市城乡建设用地与人口增长脱钩分析     

李牧  郝晋珉  陈丽  顾恬玮  管青春  陈爱琪 《资源科学》2019,41(10):1897-1910

本文基于脱钩理论与方法,以中国地级市为研究区,对中国各地级市城镇、乡村、城乡人地脱钩状态及特征进行分析,并构建了基于脱钩类型的土地利用分区模型,探究了不同用地分区模式下的土地节约集约利用策略。研究表明：①国家尺度下,中国城乡人地关系整体处于不协调状态,城镇建设用地与城镇人口同向增长态势相对稳定,乡村建设用地显著扩张和乡村人口快速持续减少的反向两极分化日趋严重。②市级尺度下,不同维度各地市的人地关系脱钩类型各有不同,74.2%地市的“城-乡”人地关系处于不协调状态;36.2%地市的“城”人地关系处于不协调状态;81.6%地市的“乡”人地关系处于非常不协调状态。③中国土地利用可以划分“城-乡”双集约、“城”集约、“乡”集约、“城-乡”双控4种类型区,“城”集约和“城-乡”双控两种类型区地市个数占到97.9%,不同类型区土地集约利用调控方向和措施存在差异,但其最终目标均是要通过对人口、产业和土地利用的科学合理引导和管控,实现“城”、“乡”以及“城与乡”的人地和谐发展。  相似文献   

政府科技投入与技术创新关系研究——以长江经济带11省市为例     

胡艳  詹翩翩 《科技管理研究》2017,(14)

以长江经济带11省市2000—2015年的财政科技支出及其国内3种专利申请受理量数据为例,采用NICH指数对各省市政府科技投入与技术创新的相对增长速度进行静态对比分析,进而利用脱钩分析研究各省市政府科技投入与技术创新的动态演化轨迹,在此基础上运用响应指数定量分析各省市技术创新对政府科技投入的响应程度。研究结果表明:长江经济带各省市政府科技投入与技术创新的相对增长速度存在差异,且出现"双高"与"双低"增长区的两极分化;各省市的政府科技投入与技术创新整体上以扩张性复钩与弱脱钩为主;各省市的技术创新对政府科技投入具有不同的响应程度,正向响应与负向响应叠加,且响应具有明显的趋势变化特征。  相似文献   

Means-ends decoupling at the state level and managerial responses to multiple organisational identities in Ukrainian research universities     

Myroslava Hladchenko  Don F. Westerheijden  Harry F. de Boer 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(4):744-757

Drawing on the model of managerial responses to multiple organisational identities (integration, aggregation, compartmentalisation, deletion and multivocality), this article explores managerial responses in Ukrainian research universities whilst means-ends decoupling takes place at the state level. The latter term implies that practices of state policies are disconnected from the state’s core goal of enhancing public welfare. Data is taken from recent interviews with 11 top managers from three Ukrainian research universities. Our findings reveal that the greater the institutional complexity experienced by the university and the more the top managers maintain confidence in practices and organisational identities that deviate from the global model of the research university, the greater the means-ends decoupling at the organisational level. The university that sustains the least degree of means-ends decoupling at the organisational level shows aggregation as the managerial response, while the university with the highest degree of means-ends decoupling is characterised by multivocality with underdeveloped identities of research at the international level and knowledge transfer. As a higher degree of means-ends decoupling at the organisational level implies a larger efficiency gap and significant diversion of both human and financial resources, a managerial response that lacks synergy, in our case multivocality, also leads to the above-mentioned negative consequences.  相似文献   

京津冀物流业碳排放驱动因素及脱钩效应研究     

苑清敏  张文龙  宁宁宁 《科技管理研究》2016,(5):222-226

首先对京津冀物流业碳排放量进行测算,然后对京津冀1998—012年物流业碳排放驱动因素进行LMDI分解,并基于OECD脱钩模型计算碳排放脱钩指数,对京津冀物流业碳排放脱钩效应进行分析。结果表明,经济产出效应和人口规模效应对京津冀物流业碳排放增加具有一定的拉动作用,且经济产出效应为主要的正向驱动因素,而能源结构和能源效率效应对京津冀物流业碳排放增加具有一定的抑制作用;京津冀地区物流业碳排放存在着脱钩效应,且表现出一定的阶段性;在脱钩效应强弱转变过程中,能源效率效应起着关键作用。  相似文献   

中国固体废弃物产生利用与经济脱钩情况探讨——基于IGT方程模型     

周永生  乔振  肖静 《科技管理研究》2019,39(17)

从固体废物产生利用与经济的定量表达式——IGT方程出发，以1999—2016年中国固体废弃物的产生和利用量为样本，探究固体废弃物产生和利用及与经济增长之间的脱钩情况。研究表明：在“十五”“十一五”“十二五”3个时期，国内固体废弃物生产的平均脱钩指数分别为0.2、0.23、0.6，均处于相对脱钩状态；固体废弃物利用的平均脱钩指数分别为-0.2、-0.01、0.7，是从未脱钩状态向脱钩状态转变。通过对固体废弃物产生和利用脱钩指数的研究，充分了解近年来我国固体废弃物的产生和利用状况，从而为进一步提高固体废弃物的利用率提供参考。  相似文献   

中国分散式民用供热技术现状分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘新华  韩健  张楠  王晶晶 《中国科学院院刊》2019,34(4):401-408

民用散煤污染是造成北方地区严重灰霾天气的重要原因之一,因此各地政府积极推进散煤替代,尤其是在京津冀地区大力推广所谓"清洁能源",进行煤改电/气相关工作,在周边地区则推行使用优质无烟煤或兰炭,但效果并不理想。文章对我国几种典型分散式民用供热技术进行了对比分析,认为推行煤改电/气需要考虑当地资源、地理和经济条件以及生活习惯,且最关键的是要在经济上可承受;在经济相对落后的边远农村地区推广诸如在解耦炉等环保炉具中燃烧烟煤型煤进行清洁供暖应当成为一项长期政策,以从根本上解决我国农村的散煤污染问题。  相似文献   

On the role of impact evaluation of quality assurance from the strategic perspective of quality assurance agencies in the European higher education area     

Radu Damian  Josep Grifoll  Anke Rigbers 《Quality in Higher Education》2015,21(3):251-269

In this paper the current national legislations, the quality assurance approaches and the activities of impact analysis of three quality assurance agencies from Romania, Spain and Germany are described from a strategic perspective. The analysis shows that the general methodologies (comprising, for example, self-evaluation reports, peer reviews, on-site visits, assessment reports, follow-up measures) and main subjects of quality assurance in higher education (such as study programmes and institutional structures and processes) are very similar in the sample cases. However, up to now, impact evaluation of quality assurance has not been implemented systematically in the sample agencies (as in many others). This is the more relevant since the European standards of quality assurance in higher education oblige quality assurance agencies to analyse their general findings and observe the effects of their activities. Against that background, it is argued that methodologically sound impact analyses of quality assurance interventions in higher education institutions should be seen as an integral part of the agencies’ own quality assurance because it would make their work more transparent and easier to improve systematically. The paper identifies some professionalisation needs required for impact evaluation competences: staff and peers who are qualified by methodological knowledge but also by ‘soft’ skills such as project and conflict management.  相似文献   

Quality assurance and its impact from higher education institutions’ perspectives: methodological approaches,experiences and expectations     

Stelian Andrei Bejan  Tero Janatuinen  Jouni Jurvelin  Susanne Klöpping  Heikki Malinen  Bernhard Minke 《Quality in Higher Education》2015,21(3):343-371

This paper reports on methodological approaches, experiences and expectations referring to impact analysis of quality assurance from the perspective of three higher education institutions (students, teaching staff, quality managers) from Germany, Finland and Romania. The presentations of the three sample institutions focus on discussing the core characteristics of quality assurance procedures applied and their expected and observed impacts, and how intended and non-intended undesirable ones are measured. It turns out that all sample institutions have already some instruments and sub-procedures in place for impact analysis of quality assurance and all of them are striving for further improvement by applying internal and external quality assurance procedures and impact analyses. Finally, a closer look at the recently revised Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area shows that the European sample institutions are on their way towards coherent quality assurance policies, while there is also room left for further improvement and investigation (for example, in implementing systematic methodologies of impact evaluation and quality policies in general).  相似文献   

江西省水资源利用与经济协调发展脱钩分析——基于虚拟水的视角     

汪涛武 《科技管理研究》2015,(20)

基于虚拟水与水足迹理论、脱钩理论对江西省2003—2012年的水资源利用与经济发展之间的脱钩关系进行研究。结果表明,2003—2012年江西省人均水足迹均值为1 783 m3,高于"国际水足迹组织"测算的2011年中国人均水足迹1 700 m3;水资源利用效率指标从2003年4.39元/m3增加到2012年的8.57元/m3,且此期间水足迹强度呈现出明显下降的趋势,说明水资源的利用效率在明显提高,但水资源利用与经济协调发展脱钩分析显示,分析期间大部分年份江西GDP增长与水资源消耗评价结果为弱脱钩的初级协调,水资源利用效率还有待进一步提高。  相似文献