Regionally asymmetric knowledge capabilities and open innovation: Exploring ‘Globalisation 2’—A new model of industry organisation     

Phil Cooke 《Research Policy》2005,34(8):1128-1149

This paper proposes to review and assess social scientific debate about the origins and nature of innovation in modern society. It focuses on three sub-sets of conceptualisation, critique and commentary that refer specifically to sub-national or regional innovation systems. Research in the latter field has grown enormously in recent years. Moreover, new perspectives from other disciplines than regional science have been promoted. One distinctive view of relevance in that it is focused on the role in innovation of specific ‘entrepreneurial universities’ in relation to industry and government is, of course, the ‘Triple Helix’ approach. This is reviewed and sympathetically critiqued. A second view, less sympathetically critiqued here, is one that itself attacks all so-called ‘new regionalism’ for stressing the importance of institutions, industry embeddedness and the micro-science of regional economic development. Dazzled by ‘Globalisation 1’ and the totalising power of ‘scale’ geographies, this rejection of the worth of spatial analysis at less than the global or national ‘scalar envelope’ is assessed for its potential insights into weaknesses of the regional innovation systems approach but found wanting in both technical accuracy and scholarly competence. Finally, the state of the art in regional innovation systems research is sketched by reference both to recent longitudinal findings and elaborations into specific technological fields, particularly but not only Bioregional Innovation Systems that help move us towards a newer theory of economic geography in the knowledge economy, based on ‘regional knowledge capabilities.’ The analysis conclusively proposes ‘Globalisation 2’, a ‘ground-up’ knowledge-driven evolution of the earlier ‘top-down’ multilateral trade institution and corporately driven ‘Globalisation 1.’  相似文献   

中美数字图书馆知识产权保护比较研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

蒋太岩 《情报科学》2003,21(12):1249-1251

本文通过对中美两国数字图书馆建设所涉及到的知识产权保护问题的分析、比较和研究，提出我国加强网络信息环境下数字图书馆法律法规建设的重要性和紧迫性。  相似文献   

中国杜鹃花属两新种     

方明渊 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(5):420-422

  相似文献   

Adaptive XML to relational mapping： an integrated approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tian-lei Hu  Gang Chen 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(6):758-769

Storing and querying XML （eXtensible Markup Language） data in relational form can exploit various services offered by modern relational database management systems （RDBMSs）. Due to structural complexity of XML, there are many equivalent relational mapping schemes for the same XML data and queries. In this paper, we propose the adaptive XML to relational mapping （AX2RM） system, which considers finding optimal XML to relational （X2R） mapping as four separate but correlated procedures： logical database design, data scale estimation, workload transformation, and physical database design. We view the whole process as an autonomic computing problem and formalize the adaptive X2R mapping problem. Search spaces for each procedure are investigated individually, and five approaches for finding the optimal mapping are studied. We propose an integrated approach with greedy pruning （IT-GP）, which views the mapping procedures as a whole and exploits heuristic rules in each procedure to prune impossible mappings as early as possible. Evaluation of these approaches shows the validity and high efficiency of IT-GP.  相似文献   

Interregional inventor networks as studied by patent coinventorships   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Olof Ejermo  Charlie Karlsson 《Research Policy》2006,35(3):412-430

We study the structure of the interregional inventor networks in Sweden by examining the residence of inventors and coinventors involved in Swedish patent applications to the European Patent Office. Several factors are found to influence the spatial affinity of regions. We find that spatial affinity extends beyond the region if it has less own R&D-related resources (business R&D, university R&D and patenting); if it is close to the other region and if it is relatively small. The resources of that other region plays a positive role if, in analogue fashion, that region has more R&D-related resources.  相似文献   

耐辐射异常球菌渗透诱导蛋白基因osmC的克隆表达纯化及生物信息学分析     

崔广艳  鲜先毅  刘盈盈  代其林  王劲  杜世章 《绵阳师范学院学报》2014,(2):81-86

耐辐射异常球菌(D.radiodurans R1)osmC基因(DR_1538)编码的渗透诱导胁迫蛋白是一种在氧化胁迫中起重要作用的过氧化物酶.用PCR方法从耐辐射异常球菌中扩增出osmC基因的全长序列(441bp),采用原核表达系统对其进行表达纯化,获得了分子量大小约为18.7 kDa的带有His标签的融合蛋白.利用在线网站对OsmC蛋白的生物信息学分析,结果表明:OsmC蛋白由146个氨基酸组成,理论等电点为5.81,为亲水性蛋白;二级结构主要是由α-螺旋及不规则卷曲组成.OsmC蛋白的纯化及生物信息学分析为后续深入研究其功能奠定了基础.  相似文献   

高技术企业R&D投入税收激励政策的国内外比较及思考     

熊莉  朱宝林 《金陵科技学院学报(社会科学版)》2014,(2):29-33

分析了税收优惠政策对高技术企业RD投入的激励机制,并对美国、英国、加拿大、日本、韩国等国家的RD税收激励政策和我国科技税收优惠政策的改革及现行RD税收激励政策进行了分析,在借鉴国际经验的基础上提出我国科技税收优惠政策改革的思路。  相似文献   

CEO任职时间与企业创新投入研究——基于沪市上市公司的实证检验     

冯丹静  方健雯 《科技与管理》2014,(5):79-83

以2010-2011年我国披露研发数据的沪市A股制造业上市公司为样本,共获得609个观察值.实证检验了CEO任职年限对企业创新投入强度的影响,在此基础上进一步探究CEO个人特征对上述影响的调节作用.得出以下主要结论：第一,企业研发投入强度随CEO任职年限的增加而下降,但下降的速度逐渐减慢.第二,CEO年龄和性别对其任职年限与研发投入强度之间的关系具有调节作用.最后根据实证研究结果给出了相应的对策建议.  相似文献   

Scientific mobility and knowledge networks in high emigration countries: Evidence from the Pacific     

John Gibson  David McKenzie 《Research Policy》2014

This paper uses a unique survey to examine the nature and extent of knowledge flows that result from the international mobility of researchers whose initial education was in small island countries. Current migrants produce substantially more research than similar-skilled return migrants and non-migrants. Return migrants have no greater research impact than individuals who never migrate but are the main source of research knowledge transfer between international and local researchers. Our results contrast with previous claims in the literature that too few migrant researchers ever return home to have much impact, and that there is no productivity gain to researchers from migration.  相似文献   

Public funds and local biotechnology firm creation     

Christos Kolympiris  Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes  Douglas Miller 《Research Policy》2014

A long stream of academic literature has established that public funding towards research and development matters for economic growth because it relates to increases in innovation, productivity and the like. The impact of public funding on the creation of new firms has received less attention in this literature despite theoretical constructs that support such association. In the present paper we study whether indeed there is a relationship between public research funds and local firm births in the context of the U.S. biotechnology industry. In doing so, we introduce a number of changes that strengthen the robustness of our findings when compared with existing literature. These changes include a direct measure of research expenditures and a considerably lengthier longitudinal dataset which allows us to capture a structural relationship and not a chance event. We empirically demonstrate that increases in the level of research funding from the National Institutes of Health towards biotechnology associate with increases in the number of biotechnology firm births at the Metropolitan Statistical Area level. Further, we reveal that public funds towards established firms associate with local firm births considerably more strongly when compared with funds towards universities and research institutes/hospitals. We conclude the paper with academic and policy implications of the present work that highlight the complexity of factors that underlie the creation of local firms in high technology industries.  相似文献