The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View     

Franz Riffert 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):231-252

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.  相似文献   

“师道尊严”再认识     

任志宏 《山西财经大学学报(高等教育版)》2001,(4):66-67,70

章对传统的“师道尊严”进行再认识的基础上,提出以严格的要求与严谨的治学态度向受教育传授科学知识与真理是“师之道”,加强自身修养,提高自身水平,做到自尊,是“师之尊”。“师道尊严”无罪,“师道”当“尊”、当“严”！  相似文献   

大学生英语实用能力的培养途径     

王芳 《衡阳师范学院学报》2001,22(1):125-127

英语教学的最终目的是要提高学生的英语实用能力。大学英语教学应通过帮助学生摆脱母语体系的潜在控制和英语本身的使用限制以及怕出丑的心理弱势,创造英语实用环境,教导学生采取活学活用、“现炒现卖”的学习态度和方式,切实提高英语实用能力。  相似文献   

A quantitative analysis of moral exemplars presented in moral education textbooks in Korea and Japan     

Hyemin Han  Sung Choon Park  Jongsung Kim  Changwoo Jeong  Yutaka Kunii  Sora Kim 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2018,38(1):62-77

This study is a comparative analysis of the characteristics of moral exemplars presented in moral education textbooks in Korea and Japan. The purpose of the study is to examine and compare moral values presented through the lives and stories of moral exemplars in the two countries that have moral education as an independent and separate subject based on the national curriculum. To this end, the study uses analytical criteria such as gender, nationality, social roles, historical backgrounds, and specific moral values in order to investigate characteristics of 307 moral exemplars in Korea’s and Japan’s most used moral education textbooks. The results show significant similarities and differences in moral exemplars between the two nations. In the case of the similarities, both countries emphasize moral autonomy and respect for human life. In the case of the differences, while Korea presents more historic figures as moral exemplars, Japan presents more students and ordinary people as moral exemplars.  相似文献   

Temporal bibliographic networks     

《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(1):101006

We present two ways (instantaneous and cumulative) to transform bibliographic networks, using the works’ publication year, into corresponding temporal networks based on temporal quantities. We also show how to use the addition of temporal quantities to define interesting temporal properties of nodes, links and their groups thus providing an insight into evolution of bibliographic networks. Using the multiplication of temporal networks we obtain different derived temporal networks providing us with new views on studied networks. The proposed approach is illustrated with examples from the collection of bibliographic networks on peer review.  相似文献   

大学英语课堂“内外互动”模式下教师角色的转换     

胡春晓 《宁波教育学院学报》2007,9(5):46-49

在网络和多媒体时代,大学英语教学具有新的特征。教师的角色与功能也相应转型,以适应教学模式的发展。大学英语课堂"内外互动"模式就是一次在建构主义学习理论的指导下进行的提高大学生英语综合能力的尝试。详细阐述了教师在这一特定教学环境中的角色转换和角色定位的相关问题,并对教师如何适应新角色提出了建议,以促进"内外互动"模式的开展和教学质量的提高。  相似文献   

词汇组块教学途径在英语应用文写作中的应用研究     

李凤  归晓曼  苗耀华  刘兰明 《北京工业职业技术学院学报》2007,6(4):74-76,91

结合高职院校大学英语写作教学中存在的语言基础知识掌握不好的现状,介绍了词汇组块教学途径的基本观点--词汇组块是人类语言交际的最小单位,提出把词汇组块作为整体语言输入单位是解决英语应用文写作中最突出的问题的有效途径.作者还分析了词汇组块教学途径在培养学生英语应用文写作能力中的三大优势:掌握最典型的功能句中关键词汇组块可以使学生有话可说,不至于无从下笔;培养学生自己识别有用词汇组块的意识,利用搭配能提高应用文写作的语言质量;应用词汇组块教学途径可以减轻学生储存、理解目标词例句负担.  相似文献   

斯大林功过论述评   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任圣清 《云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,39(3):60-65

历史上评价斯大林的浪潮有一个共同点：与政治密切相关。体制的好坏有一个时代性的问题,“政”与“制”也有别,苏联解体的根本原因不能简单地归咎于斯大林模式。从斯大林本人的作为的主要面看,功绩巨大。过大于功论难让人信服。评价历史人物应注意不能以道德评价代替历史评价,与时俱进与历史地看问题并行不悖等四因素。  相似文献   

《我们仨》散文艺术表现手法赏析     

王顺顺 《承德师专学报》2011,(3):27-29

杨绛散文以真切感人制胜,最新作品《我们仨》尤其如此。1997年、1998年,钱媛钱钟书相继因病去世。四年后,92岁高龄的杨绛饱含深情以及特有的笔调书写《我们仨》,回忆他们坎坷而甜蜜的家庭生活。在失去爱女与伴侣之后,她并未以痛不欲生的姿态回忆,而是用看透红尘大喜大悲之后的宁静娓娓道来过去的故事。细读该作品会发现全文字里行间无不流露着她对于家人的深刻怀念,全书在行文过程中更是哀而不伤。《我们仨》一书中虚实相生、巧设悬念、典型性细节描写、合理背景描写以及写意手法等散文艺术表现手法的运用无处不在,具有其独特的魅力,产生了强烈的艺术感染力。  相似文献   

浅析如何改进大学英语写作教学     

王黎丽 《江西教育学院学报》2011,32(2):110-112

写是英语四种基本技能之一,但较之听、说、读,写的能力的培养并没有得到足够的重视。这一点在大学英语教学中也有所体现,如何提高学生的英语写作能力已成为当前大学英语教学中亟待解决的问题。大学英语写作教学中应将过程与成果写作法相结合,改善传统单一的教学模式,鼓励学生多读、多看、多实践,激发写作灵感,循序渐进,以实现英语写作水平质的飞跃。  相似文献