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11.
目的估测人体运动过程中参与工作的各子系统的能耗,建立较为精细的人体运动能耗分配关系。方法研究对13名大学生(男性)进行了功率自行车设定负荷下的运动代谢实验、多域多维心功能检测以及动作技术影像拍摄和解析,并对人体运动能量系统和做功进行了建模分析。结果受试者在给定的相同负荷功率下以不同转速蹬功率自行车时的运动能耗差异显著;总搏功两两之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);无用功两两之间比较差异显著(P<0.001)。结论心脏做功仅与负荷量(输出功率)有关,而在给定负荷情况下心脏做功与速度大小无关;运动参数的改变显著影响运动无用功,也影响总能量消耗;在中等强度踏蹬自行车运动中,呼吸系统、循环系统、骨骼肌系统分别消耗总能量的11.02%,52.86%,5.36%;剩余30%左右的能量为对外做功和移动肢体做功(分别为25.72%和5.04%)。研究还为估测运动能耗在不同系统间的分配关系提供了一种可行方法。 相似文献
12.
Abstract The aims of this study were two-fold: (1) to consider the criterion-related validity of the multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) by comparing the predicted maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) and distance travelled with peak oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2peak) measured using a wheelchair ergometer (n = 24); and (2) to assess the reliability of the MSFT in a sub-sample of wheelchair athletes (n = 10) measured on two occasions. Twenty-four trained male wheelchair basketball players (mean age 29 years, s = 6) took part in the study. All participants performed a continuous incremental wheelchair ergometer test to volitional exhaustion to determine [Vdot]O2peak, and the MSFT on an indoor wooden basketball court. Mean ergometer [Vdot]O2peak was 2.66 litres · min?1 (s = 0.49) and peak heart rate was 188 beats · min?1 (s = 10). The group mean MSFT distance travelled was 2056 m (s = 272) and mean peak heart rate was 186 beats · min?1 (s = 11). Low to moderate correlations (ρ = 0.39 to 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?0.02 to 0.69 and 0.23 to 0.80) were found between distance travelled in the MSFT and different expressions of wheelchair ergometer [Vdot]O2peak. There was a mean bias of ?1.9 beats · min?1 (95% CI: ?5.9 to 2.0) and standard error of measurement of 6.6 beats · min?1 (95% CI: 5.4 to 8.8) between the ergometer and MSFT peak heart rates. A similar comparison of ergometer and predicted MSFT [Vdot]O2peak values revealed a large mean systematic bias of 15.3 ml · kg?1 · min?1 (95% CI: 13.2 to 17.4) and standard error of measurement of 3.5 ml · kg?1 · min?1 (95% CI: 2.8 to 4.6). Small standard errors of measurement for MSFT distance travelled (86 m; 95% CI: 59 to 157) and MSFT peak heart rate (2.4 beats · min?1; 95% CI: 1.7 to 4.5) suggest that these variables can be measured reliably. The results suggest that the multi-stage fitness test provides reliable data with this population, but does not fully reflect the aerobic capacity of wheelchair athletes directly. 相似文献
13.
Abstract We evaluated (1) the test–retest reliability of the Wingate test conducted on a rowing ergometer, and (2) the sensitivity of this test in determining the differences in performance attained by 12- to 18-year-old rowers. Altogether, 297 male rowers aged 12.0–18.9 years (mean ± s: 14.8 ± 1.7) completed a maximal 30-s test on a rowing ergometer, and 80 rowers representing all age groups were retested after 5–7 days. No change was evident in participants' performance in terms of mean power output (P = 0.726; Cohen's d = 0.04), maximal power output (P = 0.567; Cohen's d = 0.06), and minimum power output (P = 0.318; Cohen's d = 0.11) in the second test. The intra-class correlation coefficients were high (≥0.973) and coefficients of variation were low (≤7.3%). A series of analyses of variance were used to compare the performances among 12- to 18-year-old rowers, and age-related increases in performance were evident (P < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.91–1.96). The age-related increases in performance were similar, although reduced, when the effects of body mass were partitioned out when using analysis of covariance (P < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.82–0.85). The results suggest that: (1) the described test is reliable and can be used for maximal-intensity exercise assessment in youth rowing, and (2) it discriminates performance among 12- to-18-year-old rowers. 相似文献
14.
Andrew J. Greene Michael H. Dickson Floren Colloud Richard M. Smith 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):302-317
The effect of anthropometric differences in shank to thigh length ratio upon timing and magnitude of joint power production during the drive phase of the rowing stroke was investigated in 14 elite male rowers. Rowers were tested on the RowPerfect ergometer which was instrumented at the handle and foot stretcher to measure force generation, and a nine segment inverse dynamics model used to calculate the rower's joint and overall power production. Rowers were divided into two groups according to relative shank thigh ratio. Time to half lumbar power generation was significantly earlier in shorter shank rowers (p = 0.028) compared to longer shank rowers, who showed no lumbar power generation during the same period of the drive phase. Rowers with a relatively shorter shank demonstrated earlier lumbar power generation during the drive phase resulting from restricted rotation of the pelvic segment requiring increased lumbar extension in these rowers. Earlier lumbar power generation and extension did not appear to directly affect performance measures of the short shank group, and so can be attributed to a technical adaptation developed to maximise rowing performance. 相似文献
15.
Thomas A. Wackwitz Clare L. Minahan Trish King Chantelle Du Plessis Mark H. Andrews Phillip M. Bellinger 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):84-90
ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare mechanical variables derived from torque-cadence and power-cadence profiles established from different cycle ergometer modes (isoinertial and isokinetic) and modelling procedures (second- and third-order polynomials), whilst employing a novel method to validate the theoretical maximal power output (Pmax). Nineteen well-trained cyclists (n = 12 males) completed two experimental sessions comprising six, 6-s maximal isoinertial or isokinetic cycling sprints. Maximal pedal strokes were extracted to construct power–cadence relationships using second- and third-order polynomials. A 6-s sprint at the optimal cadence (Fopt) or optimal resistance (Topt) was performed to assess construct validity of Pmax. No differences were found in the mechanical parameters when derived from isokinetic (Pmax = 1311 ± 415, Fopt = 118 ± 12) or isoinertial modes (Pmax = 1320 ± 421, Fopt = 116 ± 19). However, R2 improved (P < 0.02) when derived from isoinertial sprints. Third-order polynomial modelling improved goodness of fit values (Standard Error, adjusted R2), but derived similar mechanical parameters. Finally, peak power output during the optimised sprint did not significantly differ from the theoretical Pmax in both cycling modes, thus providing construct validity. The most accurate P-C profile can be derived from isoinertial cycling sprints, modelled using third-order polynomial equations. 相似文献
16.
Paul J. Tofari Stuart J. Cormack Tammie R. Ebert A. Scott Gardner Justin G. Kemp 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(19):1947-1953
Talent identification (TID) and talent development (TDE) programmes in track sprint cycling use ergometer- and track-based tests to select junior athletes and assess their development. The purpose of this study was to assess which tests are best at monitoring TID and TDE. Ten male participants (16.2 ± 1.1 year; 178.5 ± 6.0 cm and 73.6 ± 7.6 kg) were selected into the national TID squad based on initial testing. These tests consisted of two 6-s maximal sprints on a custom-built ergometer and 4 maximal track-based tests (2 rolling and 2 standing starts) using 2 gear ratios. Magnitude-based inferences and correlation coefficients assessed changes following a 3-month TDE programme. Training elicited meaningful improvements (80–100% likely) in all ergometer parameters. The standing and rolling small gear, track-based effort times were likely and very likely (3.2 ± 2.4% and 3.3 ± 1.9%, respectively) improved by training. Stronger correlations between ergometer- and track-based measures were very likely following training. Ergometer-based testing provides a more sensitive tool than track-based testing to monitor changes in neuromuscular function during the early stages of TDE. However, track-based testing can indicate skill-based improvements in performance when interpreted with ergometer testing. In combination, these tests provide information on overall talent development. 相似文献
17.
3种自行车功率计无氧功率测试结果的比较 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用 Monark 834,Monark 839E,SRM3种自行车功率计对8名优秀男子自行车运动员进行30s Wingate 元氧功率测试(WAT),对测试结果进行比较,分析3种功率计测定参数的异同与自行车实际运动方式的差异。结果表明:Monark834进行 Wingate 测试和自行车运动实践不尽相符。Monark 839E 可以比较精确的反映受试者的起动能力。Monark 834和 Monark839E 进行 WAT 测试时,其预定负荷受到一定的限制。SRM 测试指标的内容和精度较Monark834、Monark 839E要高。从模拟自行车运动实际状况来看,SRM 是更适合自行车运动员测试的专业工具。 相似文献
18.
SRM功率自行车模拟场地原地起动训练的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
目的：通过对SRM功率自行车使用不同档住无氧测试结果的比较，并与场地原地起动训练结果对比，对自行车运动员原地起动能力的实验室测试、评定方法进行探讨。方法：8名优秀男子短距离自行车运动员使用SRM功率自行车9～13档进行15s起动测试和场地166m原地起动训练，对测试结果进行比较、分析。结果：用SRM功率自行车在选择不同档住进行测试时，Pmax除了在9～10、10～11、11～12之间没有显著性差异之外，其余各档住之间都有显著性差异。SRM功率自行车11档测出的TPmax、TCmax、Cmax结果与场地测试结果之间无显著性差异。结论：1）运动员最大功率和总功率输出水平是运动能力的基础，专项最大功率的出现取决于环境阻力和选取与环境阻力相匹配的最佳传动比，阻力或频率的改变都会使人体输出功率改变。2）使用SRM功率自行车进行测试时，应根据运动员的训练水平不同，选取合适的档住，在实验室模拟场地原地起动166m训练，11档是最合适的。 相似文献
19.
In order to quantify internal forces and articular moments, by the inverse dynamics method, specially at lumbar level, an
experimental laboratory apparatus to analyze kinematics and 3D kinetics of rowers was developed. It comprised a 3D motion
analysis system, a Type C Concept II ergometer, three force-plates, six axes and two miniature mono-dimensional force transducers.
The apparatus was designed for each hand, with two miniature transducers integrated into new steel handles to measure the
force developed by each hand. Furthermore, the apparatus was also designed for each foot. Two force platforms were placed
under two new foot stretchers to measure force and moment developed by each foot. The ergometer also has a sliding seat under
which was placed a miniature force platform. A study of the rowing movement of a regional level competition rower demonstrated
the relevance of the data. This study was concerned with the 3D kinetics parameters expressed in the medio-lateral, anterio-posterior
and vertical axes. Some obtained data are novel or rarely associated together and enable a better understanding of the rower
movement. 相似文献
20.
Leo Ng Angus Burnett Amity Campbell Peter O'Sullivan 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):255-259
The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy and variability of an electromagnetic device in measuring spinal kinematics on a traditional and replica rowing ergometer. Kinematic data collected from the 3-Space FastrakTM system using a Standard Concept II ergometer were compared with a replica ergometer that was in part, composed of non-ferrous materials (modified ergometer). The Fastrak's sensors were fixed to a wooden “spine” with known angles (as measured by an inclinometer). The mean inclinometer angle from four sensors (1 ± 0.2°) was significantly different than the mean angle recorded on the standard ergometer ( ? 5.4 ± 3.4°) (p = 0.007) whilst the angles recorded on the modified ergometer (1.4 ± 0.8°) were statistically equivalent to the inclinometer recordings (p = 0.660). These results indicate that the presence of ferrous material in a standard ergometer reduced the accuracy and increased the variability of data collected with the electromagnetic device. However, information collected on largely non-ferrous ergometers can provide coaches, biomechanists and clinicians with a quick and effective way to measure trunk kinematics during ergometer rowing. 相似文献