排序方式： 共有101条查询结果，搜索用时 46 毫秒
81.
Ernst-Joachim Hossner Urs Schnyder Jürg Schmid Ralf Kredel 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1481-1489
The present study aims to reveal the effects of positioning on decision-making performance in top-level refereeing in association football. To this end, for all 64 matches of the FIFA World Cup 2014, potential foul-play situations were videometrically analysed in terms of the referee’s position relative to the infringement. Contrary to earlier studies, viewing angles were analysed in addition to viewing distances and error rates were considered for not only falsely whistled but also falsely non-whistled events. Moreover, direct logistic regression analysis was applied to detect position-dependent differences. For the total of 1,527 potential foul play situations, an overall low error rate of 6.9% was found. The similar numbers of total whistle (n = 52) and non-whistle errors (n = 54) reflect referees’ ability to balance both types of errors. Regarding the overall viewing-distance effect, referees were 2.58 times (95% CI 1.47–4.54) more likely to commit a whistle error at 10–15 m and 5.51 times (95% CI 1.35–22.47) more likely to commit a non-whistle error at 0–5 m, corresponding to the position ranges occurring with the highest (10–15 m: 30.3%) and lowest (0–5 m: 5.8%) frequencies. In contrast, no significant effects of viewing-angle on decision-making accuracy could be revealed. 相似文献
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摘要：2018年平昌冬奥会已经落下帷幕,“北京周期”正式开启。在北京冬奥会的筹办过程中,此次平昌之行所暴露出来的体育国际话语权乏力的问题更是我们应该着力重视和解决的。主要通过文献资料法、实地调查法等研究方法,探究我国冬季运动体育国际话语权所遇到的困境及其解决之道,为2022年冬奥会的顺利举办奠定坚实的基础。结论如下：1）体育国际话语权是国家软实力的重要组成部分,亦是体育大国向体育强国转化过程中的应有之义;2）体育国际话语权具有权威性、世袭性、文化特性等性质与特点,影响力主要体现在其运动员与裁判员的实力、裁判员的资历与体育国际话语权代言人等三方面;3）2018平昌冬奥会自由式滑雪空中技巧项目的判罚在外界看来存在一定的争议,但究其根本,还是由于我们没有做到硬实力（竞技能力与实力）、软实力（运动项目中的国际话语权）的内外兼修;4）面对2022主场优势的难得历史机遇,应从以下几个方面入手来提升我国的体育国际话语权：增强冬季运动竞技实力和体育综合实力;抓住时机,积极参与国际体育组织工作;主动申办、承办、参与国际赛事;建立联席会议制度;成立冰雪项目技术专家智囊团。以自由式滑雪空中技巧为依托对体育国际话语权问题进行研究,在将抽象问题具体化的同时,也便于将解决之道推广到其他冬季项目,兼具普适性与创新性。 相似文献
83.
ABSTRACT To compare demands of national netball umpires between levels of competition, 22 Netball New Zealand high-performance umpires participated in this investigation. These included from highest to lowest standard: 9 × semi-professional ANZ Championships (ANZC); 6 × National A Squad (NZA); and 7 × National Development Squad (DEV). Physical (global positioning system tri-axial accelerometry), physiological (heart rate) and technical (video analysis) demands were determined for 48 (16 per group) umpire match performances. Level of competition had no significant effect on physical or mean physiological demands. However, ANZC umpires spent a lower proportion of time at low heart rates compared to DEV, and a greater proportion of time at high, rather than moderate, heart rates compared to NZA. Compared to lower standard umpires, ANZC spent lesser proportions of time standing but greater proportions of time walking backwards and sideways, and turning to change direction. Furthermore, ANZC umpires spent lower proportions of time jogging, but greater proportions of time sprinting compared to DEV. Finally, ANZC umpires spent longer mean durations than DEV on the goal third side line. As such, the difference in demands experienced by national netball umpires between levels of competition is more technical than physical or physiological. 相似文献
84.
Jason Ritchie Itay Basevitch Ryan Rodenberg Gershon Tenenbaum 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2080-2087
Officials are expected to perform impeccably despite the wide range of stressors they experience. A stressor that officials frequently report is situation criticality. Situation criticality is comprised of score differential (i.e., more pressure in close games) and time remaining in a game (i.e., more pressure as time expires), which affects athletes’ stress levels. The present study explored the effect of situation criticality on officials’ stress levels. High school basketball officials (n = 108) with an average of 18.1 (SD = 11.2) years of officiating experience were given a survey packet containing game situations that varied in criticality. For each game situation (n = 9) officials completed the overall stress and appraisal portions of the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM). Results revealed that situation criticality has an effect on officials’ perceived stress levels. Both threat and challenge appraisals were positively correlated with perceived stress. Overall, these findings indicate that officials’ stress levels fluctuate within games depending on score differential and time of game. The findings encourage officials to recognise and manage their stress, possibly through their appraisals. Additionally, the findings can affect the training of officials in the management of stress, as well as prompt the consideration of potential rule changes that reflect the increased situational demands on officials in critical situations (e.g., expanded instant replay). 相似文献
85.
当今世界竞技体育的职业化程度越来越高,但与之相对应的裁判职业化进程却发展较慢。为了保证体育运动的健康发展,裁判职业化是大势所趋。我国竞技体育发展至今,取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成果,为世界体育运动的发展注入新的活力。但是我国的联赛职业化还处在初级阶段,与之对应的裁判职业化进程发展缓慢。文章运用文献资料法、分析法、访谈法等研究方法,分析了我国实行裁判职业化的可行性和市场前景,以期推动我国裁判制度的改革。 相似文献
86.
优秀篮球裁判员素质探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据现代篮球运动的特点和发展趋势,从篮球裁判员所必备的基本素质着手,对篮球裁判员的临场能力进行了分析,通过对我国优秀篮球裁判员的成长过程进行多角度、深层次、整体性系统研究,分析我国优秀篮球裁判员成才的因素,总结他们成长的经验,探讨优秀篮球裁判员的成才特征,为篮球裁判员的培养提供借鉴与启示. 相似文献
87.
大学生篮球裁判员的培养模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吴建逊 《吉林体育学院学报》2011,27(1):115-116
通过文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计等方法,对大学生篮球裁判员的培养模式进行探讨。得出结论：培养大学生篮球裁判员有其积极意义;高校培养篮球裁判员要定期开办培训班;公共选修课应开设篮球裁判员培训课科目;学生篮球协会要发挥其积极作用;学校应创造更多篮球裁判员临场实践机会等。拟对高校今后培养篮球裁判员提出了目标方向,旨在为社会培养更多更好优秀篮球裁判员提供理论参考依据。 相似文献
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依据体态语言的理论,分析了足球裁判员运用体态语言来调控比赛的必要性,并对其运用方式进行了探悉,指出了在运用中要注意的若干问题。 相似文献
90.
通过对黑龙江省11个冬季运动项目裁判员的现状调查,发现高校拥有较强的培养裁判的优势和条件,依靠高校来培养裁判员不失为一条较好的途径,从裁判员应具备的素质、高等院校培养裁判的优势两个方面进行探讨,为我省、我国培养裁判员的工作提供参考,以期为将来在哈尔滨举办的2009年世界大学生冬季运动会提供更多高层次、高质量、更具影响力的高水平裁判员。 相似文献