体力活动与骨骼、关节和肌肉健康          下载免费PDF全文

王晶晶 《体育科研》2011,32(1):44-50

长期规律的体力活动可预防骨质疏松性骨折,有利于改善脊柱和髋关节骨密度,增加肌肉总量、肌力和肌肉爆发力,且不会使无关节损伤史的人发生骨关节炎。而对于骨关节炎患者来说,中等强度、低冲击性的体力活动有利于改善症状和预后．总体而言。目前已有的绝大部分研究证实,体力活动对骨骼、关节和肌肉的健康具有积极影响。  相似文献   

Body composition of English Premier League soccer players: Influence of playing position,international status,and ethnicity     

Laura Sutton  Mark Scott  Joanne Wallace  Tom Reilly 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1019-1026

Abstract

Body composition is a key consideration in the physical make-up of professional soccer players. The aims of the present study were to determine whether the body composition of professional soccer players varied according to playing position, international status or ethnicity, and to establish which variables best distinguished the soccer players from a reference group. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 64 male professional soccer players. Measured variables included bone mineral density and the relative amounts of lean and fat mass. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and stepwise discriminant function. The soccer players recorded better values than a reference group (n = 24) for all body composition compartments. Percent lean mass and bone mineral density were the variables best able to identify the soccer players (95.5% correctly classified). Differences in body composition were evident between goalkeepers and outfield players, but not between outfield playing positions. No differences were found on the basis of international status. The non-Caucasian players demonstrated significantly lower percent body fat (9.2 ± 2.0%) than the Caucasian players (10.7 ± 1.8%). It was concluded that body composition is important for elite soccer players, but that homogeneity between players at top professional clubs results in little variation between individuals.  相似文献   

Threshold frequency of an electrically induced cramp increases following a repeated,localized fatiguing exercise     

Marcus B. Stone  Jeffrey E. Edwards  Kellie C. Huxel  Mitchell L. Cordova  Christopher D. Ingersoll  J. Patrick Babington 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):399-405

Abstract

Though clinical observations and laboratory data provide some support for the neuromuscular imbalance theory of the genesis of exercise-associated muscle cramps, no direct evidence has been published. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of local muscle fatigue on the threshold frequency of an electrically induced muscle cramp. To determine baseline threshold frequency, a cramp was electrically induced in the flexor hallucis brevis of 16 apparently healthy participants (7 males, 9 females; age 25.1 ± 4.8 years). The testing order of control and fatigue conditions was counterbalanced. In the control condition, participants rested in a supine position for 30 min followed by another cramp induction to determine post-threshold frequency. In the fatigue condition, participants performed five bouts of great toe curls at 60% one-repetition maximum to failure with 1 min rest between bouts followed immediately by a post-threshold frequency measurement. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and simple main effects testing showed post-fatigue threshold frequency (32.9 ± 11.7 Hz) was greater (P < 0.001) than pre-fatigue threshold frequency (20.0 ± 7.7 Hz). An increase in threshold frequency seems to demonstrate a decrease in one's propensity to cramp following the fatigue exercise regimen used. These results contradict the proposed theory that suggests cramp propensity should increase following fatigue. However, differences in laboratory versus clinical fatiguing exercise and contributions from other sources, as well as the notion of a graded response to fatiguing exercise, on exercise-associated muscle cramp and electrically induced muscle cramp should be considered.  相似文献   

有氧训练和力量训练对男性中老年体成分和骨密度的影响     

徐中华 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(7):103-105

本研究旨在通过调研和身体素质测试的方法,比较长期从事有氧运动和两种方式结合锻炼的两种中老年人各种素质指标之间的差异,研究两种锻炼方式对中老年人身体素质的影响。通过问卷调查将社区50-60岁居民120人(均为男性)分为有氧锻炼组(60人),两者结合组(60人)。在锻炼前后各进行两次体质测试,比较各指标均值差异。研究结果:适量规律的力量训练和有氧锻炼可以提高中老年人的身体素质,对心肺功能有一定的正向作用。  相似文献   

对慢跑鞋力学舒适性评价的研究     

胡宗祥  陈学灿  关雪琼 《体育科学研究》2013,(6):72-77

为了对慢跑鞋的舒适性进行评价以及对不足进行改进提供参考.通过问卷调查法对测试鞋的舒适性进行主观评价,并借助红外光点运动分析系统和足底压力测试系统等生物力学测试方法,分别对在自然行走和慢跑两种状态下下肢步态的一些运动力学指标进行测试与研究.结果表明：测试鞋宽度和长度的合脚性较好;测试鞋的缓冲支持性能稍差;男女测试鞋在弓部舒适性及足底压强的表现存在差异.  相似文献   

中长跑运动员跟腱损伤创新绷带包扎方法的应用研究     

滕育松  于亮 《大连大学学报》2007,28(3):122-124

[目的]为中长跑运动员在训练和比赛中制定有效的、创新的包扎方法.[方法]通过对36名中长跑运动员在训练和比赛中的跟腱损伤进行包扎处理和相关统计,并与传统方法进行对比分析,得出相应结论.[结果]与传统方法相比,创新的绷带包扎方法在运动员训练和比赛中对跟腱损伤的缓解和预防均十分有效.[结论]该方法提高了运动员的训练质量,有助于其提高运动成绩,有很高的实用价值.  相似文献   

《从甲骨文到缩微图书馆》一文商榷     

赵培芬 《天津师范大学学报(基础教育版)》2001,2(2):61-63

九年义务教育三年制初级中学教科书《语》课本第三册中《从甲骨到缩微图书馆》一，错误地认为甲骨是书籍的雏形。甲骨是古代(尤其是商代后期)书写或契刻在龟甲和兽骨之上的一种古老字，其内容是当时人们占卜的记录，故又称甲骨卜辞。甲骨的这种性质和用途就决定了它只是当时字使用的一个特殊方面而已，不是当时流行于社会的主要字形式，甲骨卜辞更不是所谓的书籍。当时的书籍是先商时代就已经产生并一流传于后世的“典”、“册”。  相似文献   

夏商时代的天命观念及其文化形态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭杰 《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,25(2):207-212

夏商时代的化，总的来看，被浓郁的天命神学的观念所笼罩，表现在语言字、宗教观念、青铜艺术等许多具体层面，显示出人类已经脱离原始时代的蒙昧和混沌，萌发出一种虽稚嫩但具有整体性的明。  相似文献   

伍慧明《骨》中蕾拉构建文化“第三空间”的策略研究     

韩琪  胡笑瑛 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(5):85-86

美国华裔女作家伍慧明的处女作《骨》讲述了华裔一家在美国唐人街生活的故事。家中二女儿安娜的自杀引发了小说的叙事者蕾拉对整个家族历史的回忆,展现了华裔移民在美国生存所面临的双重文化带来的困境与压力。经过痛苦、挣扎、迷茫之后,蕾拉最终做出自己的选择,并成功的通过构建文化"第三空间"来确立自己的双重文化身份。本论文用霍米.巴巴的后殖民理论来分析蕾拉通过构建文化"第三空间"来确立自身文化身份的策略。  相似文献   

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠骨髓NO和NOS的影响     

王昱  崔文辉  王振福  杨小录  何九军 《绵阳师范学院学报》2012,31(8):55-57,62

目的探讨油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)对铅中毒小鼠骨髓NO含量和NOS活性的影响。方法选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30 d,检测血铅含量、骨髓一氧化氮(NO)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化。结果与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后血铅水平下降,骨髓NO含量及NOS活性明显降低。结论 OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能改善骨髓生化指标,拮抗铅对骨髓的毒性。  相似文献