A new approach to explore the knowledge transition path in the evolution of science & technology: From the biology of restriction enzymes to their application in biotechnology     

Xiaojun Hu  Ronald Rousseau 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(3):842-857

In this contribution, we develop a new approach to explore the process of knowledge transition from discovery-oriented science to technological fields, via applications-oriented research, including a mediator set. This trajectory is referred to as the D-A-T trajectory. It is shown how it can be constructed and measures are proposed to characterize the relational strength among different environments (discovery oriented research, applications-oriented research and patents) and the speed of evolution. Our approach is illustrated by a case study of three fundamental restriction enzymes articles. Among other results we found that 387 patents cited 124 of the 988 articles (a share of 12.55%) in the mediator set. Defining the non-patent references (NPR) transition rate as the number of citing patents divided by the number of articles in the mediator set yields a value 0.392. Our results suggest that the D-A-T path acts as a backbone and reveals important “invisible contributions” of an original scientific work during its evolution from discovery oriented research to outside academia. Our contribution provides a useful tool for bridging the existing gap in detecting the transition of knowledge between science and technology.  相似文献   

巩固执政基础,提高党的执政能力     

韩长生  陈涛 《零陵学院学报》2005,(3)

党作为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强核心,要巩固自己的执政地位,必须具有扎实的人民基础、雄厚的经济基础、先进的思想文化基础。只有如此,才能不断提高党在社会的影响力和凝聚力,不断增强党的执政能力。  相似文献   

利用布尔方法对馆员知识自律影响知识共享定性比较     

刘小锋 《现代情报》2016,36(5):52-56

馆员知识自律模式体现了馆员知识转移行动并把自身最有利的知识应用到工作中,使复杂的知识从内化到外化得以知识共享。根据馆员自律特征,采用布尔代数方法,对表示馆员条件进行布尔代数定性比较。分析馆员知识自律特征结构以及和知识转移、知识共享关系。揭示馆员知识自律特征和知识转移和共享管理之间的联系,为馆员提供支持知识转移合适条件。  相似文献   

Confidence in prior knowledge,self-efficacy,interest and prior knowledge: Influences on conceptual change     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2014,39(2):164-174

This study explored how confidence in prior knowledge, self-efficacy, interest, and prior knowledge interact in conceptual change learning. One hundred and sixteen college students completed an assessment of confidence in prior knowledge, self-efficacy, interest, prior scientific understanding, and prior misconceptions before reading a refutation text on seasonal change. Students’ misconceptions and scientific understanding of seasonal change was then assessed before and after reading a refutation text, and again at a two week delayed posttest. Three profiles of students emerged based on their confidence in prior knowledge, self-efficacy, interest, prior scientific understanding, and prior misconceptions. The profiles included: (1) Low (low confidence, self-efficacy, interest, and prior scientific understanding and high prior misconceptions), (2) mixed (high confidence, self-efficacy, and interest, but low prior scientific understanding and high prior misconceptions), and (3) high (high confidence, self-efficacy, interest, and prior scientific understanding and low prior misconceptions). Results indicated that the mixed profile appeared to be most productive for conceptual change and that learner characteristics most productive for conceptual change learning may differ from those most productive in other learning situations.  相似文献   

采煤塌陷对中国西部风沙区土壤质量的影响机制及修复措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史沛丽  张玉秀  胡振琪  马康  于冰冰 《中国科学院大学学报》2017,34(3):318-328

中国西部风沙区生态环境脆弱，煤炭井工开采造成土体坍塌，产生地表裂缝，导致地下水位下降、土壤含水量减少、土壤养分流失、土壤酶活性降低、微生物数量和群落结构发生变化、土壤沙化、植被死亡以及生物多样性破坏等生态环境问题。主要剖析近年来煤炭地下开采对西部风沙区土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物和植被生长等方面的影响机制，提出塌陷区土壤环境破坏的修复措施。指出今后的研究应集中于采煤塌陷区土壤质量的恢复和土壤微生物多样性的演替规律方面，为中国西部风沙区采煤塌陷地的生态修复提供理论基础和技术支持。  相似文献   

In the hearts and minds of employees: A model of pre-adoptive appraisal toward artificial intelligence in organizations     

《International Journal of Information Management》2021

Organizations face increasing pressure to implement artificial intelligence (AI) within a variety of business processes and functions. Many perceived benefits surround AI, but a considerable amount of trepidation also exists because of the potential of AI to replace human employees and dehumanize work. Questions regarding the future of work in the age of AI are particularly salient in pre-adoption organizations, before employees have the opportunity to gain direct experience with AI. To cope with this potentially stressful situation, employees engage in cognitive appraisal processes based on their own knowledge and personal use of AI. These pre-adoptive appraisals of AI influence both affective and cognitive attitudes, which in turn trigger behavioral responses that influence an organization’s ability to leverage AI successfully. Our survey of 363 Taiwanese employees shows that perceptions of AI’s operational and cognitive capabilities are positively related to affective and cognitive attitudes toward AI, while concerns regarding AI have a negative relationship with affective attitude only. Interaction effects of employee knowledge and affective attitude are also observed. This work’s main contribution lies in the development of an empirically-tested model of the potential impact of AI on organizations from an employee perspective in the pre-adoption phase. These results have practical implications for how organizations prepare for the arrival of this transformative technology.  相似文献   

The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts     

Ju‐Joan Wong  Po‐Yu Chen  Chun‐Di Chen 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2016,35(1):140-153

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.  相似文献   

我国少数民族传统体育运动会研究的知识图谱分析*     

韩金勇  何佳莉  肖庆群 《广州体育学院学报》2017,37(2):78-83

中国少数民族传统体育运动(简称民族运动会)是富有中国特色的体育赛事,它的举办具有弘扬民族传统文化、促进民族团结的功效.以中国知网收录的347篇与民族运动会研究相关文献为研究对象,采用citespaceⅢ进行了关键词共现、成果产出作者、机构等分析.结果显示:当前,民族运动会研究发文量增加显著,研究视角呈多元化发展态势,历经了起步、持续发展、高度发展三个阶段;研究的主题主要集中在基础理论、发展历程及走向、制度建设、社会向度、项目设置及竞赛项目等方面.结合存在的问题,指出民族运动会未来研究应重视全民健身、体育产业、大数据等视角的探析.  相似文献   

我国中学体育研究的知识图谱分析     

杨忠英 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(5):153-155,158

为给中学体育的进一步研究和发展提供参考,本文采用可视化分析法、文献资料法、数理统计法等研究方法,以2019年以前在核心期刊和CSSCI期刊上发表的有关中学体育研究的论文为研究对象,运用Cite Space V可视化分析软件绘制出关于中学体育研究的知识图谱并进行分析和解读。结果表明:(1)我国中学体育研究领域的论文发文量整体上呈现出不规则的倒"V"字型;(2)我国中学体育研究领域的学者合作不够密切,大部分学者处于各自为战的状态;(3)我国中学体育研究领域科研机构之间松散的合作局面不利于该领域的发展;(4)中学体育领域的研究由集中化向多元化方向发展,且该领域的研究热点大多分布在中学体育的主体、中学体育教学、不同地区的中学体育、中学体育的发展4个方面。  相似文献   

Diverse socio-technical aspects of a digital archive of Aboriginal languages     

Catherine Bow 《档案与原稿》2019,47(1):94-112

ABSTRACT

A socio-technical approach is taken to explore a digital archive of Australian Indigenous cultural heritage. The Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages is considered in terms of what it is currently doing and what it was intended to do. Two ethnographic stories focusing on user interactions and the outcomes of an online survey serve to evaluate the effectiveness of the Archive from the perspective of different users. This is then juxtaposed with a consideration of the original grant application, outlining what was envisaged for the project. This analysis serves to highlight some of the contingent relations and diverse socio-technical aspects of a specific knowledge infrastructure, as it allows multiple forms of interaction, new connections and generative activities as people discover, access and interact with the content now and into the future.  相似文献