Endogenous technical advance and the stochastic trend in output: A neoclassical approach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gordon Reikard   《Research Policy》2005,34(10):1476-1490

In the recent endogenous growth literature, the trend in output is stochastic, while investment in scientific knowledge is treated as analogous to a capital stock. This paper models both research and development (R&D) and disembodied technical advance using neo-classical equations, which specify the equilibrium stocks as a function of prices and output. The elasticity of R&D in the production function, estimated using factor shares, is time-varying and increasing. Returns to scale are increasing in all factors. The most important aspect of the model is that the equilibrium rate of technical advance is not cyclically invariant, but co-moves with output at business cycle frequencies. This allows the production function to behave as a stochastic trend. Growth accounting demonstrates that long-term variations in the rate of productivity growth have been associated mainly with low-frequency fluctuations in the rate of disembodied technical advance, with secondary effects from the stocks of R&D and physical capital. During the high productivity period 1948–1972, technical advance contributed 1.48 percentage points per year to output, with 0.98 accounted for by R&D. The productivity slowdown of the mid-1970s was accounted by a gradual decline in the effect of R&D, and a more abrupt collapse in disembodied technology. The subsequent productivity revival was associated with two accelerations in disembodied technical advance, the first beginning in the early 1980s, and the second in the mid-1990s. The production function is simulated in a small econometric model. Model simulations find that exogenous shocks to the inflation rate generate significant variations in growth by inducing fluctuations in disembodied technology.  相似文献   

生态学视角下基于熵权可拓模型的山西省人才聚集预警研究     

陈晓瑜  牛冲槐 《科技管理研究》2016,(6)

基于生态学的理论视角,结合熵权和物元可拓模型的相关理论,以山西省为例,从生态学的角度构建人才聚集预警的指标体系,建立人才聚集预警熵权可拓模型对山西省2006—2013年的人才预警状况进行实证分析,结果表明:山西省人才聚集处于中度预警状态,制度生态因子、社会生态因子、经济生态因子的推动作用促进山西省人才聚集预警度呈现转好的局面,文化生态因子和教育生态因子阻碍了人才聚集的平衡性发展,出现了向低等级转移的趋势。为防止山西人才聚集的非经济现象更加突出提供理论依据,为山西省人才聚集的良性发展提供参考性意见。  相似文献   

商业银行经营业务调整的若干模型     

陈建明  计雷  池宏 《预测》2003,22(4):41-45

经营业务调整是商业银行改善经营结构，应对市场变化的重要手段之一。本文从分析商业银行经营特点以及内在的规律入手，提出了资产负债资金价值分析、经营潜力调整、金融资源分析、业务调整敏感性分析和经营业务调整方案优化等一系列业务调整的模型。综合应用这些模型，为在商业银行进行业务调整时，提供了一套新的定量分析方法。  相似文献   

高校土地置换的模式与政策分析     

彭清平 《科技创业月刊》2007,20(7):79-81

土地置换在高校中的应用盘活了教育存量资源,实现了高校的规模扩张,满足了教育大众化进程的需要。高校土地置换涉及面广、程序复杂、政策性强。结合工作经验,分析了土地置换的模式和政策,提出了土地置换中应处理好的几个问题。  相似文献   

国外公司治理结构的模式和发展趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏春刚  石春生 《科技与管理》2003,5(4):60-63

通过研究国外公司治理结构的模式的特点、利弊，分析国外公司治理结构的发展趋势，结合中国中小民营企业的特点，提出了建立中国中小民营企业治理结构的思路。  相似文献   

国内高校拔尖创新人才培养模式改革研究——以5所名校学院建设为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董瑞 《高等理科教育》2011,(6):66-70

文章以国内5所名校为培养拔尖创新人才而建制的学院为研究对象,从学院性质、人才培养目标、培养方式及办学模式、学生选拔及专业确定、学生管理与指导等方面,对5所学院的特点进行了分析总结,得出5所学院拔尖创新人才培养模式具有的共性特征,并提出了若干思考。  相似文献   

College chemistry students' mental models of acids and acid strength     

LaKeisha McClary  Vicente Talanquer 《科学教学研究杂志》2011,48(4):396-413

The central goal of this study was to characterize the mental models of acids and acid strength expressed by advanced college chemistry students when engaged in prediction, explanation, and justification tasks that asked them to rank chemical compounds based on their relative acid strength. For that purpose we completed a qualitative research study involving students enrolled in different types of organic chemistry course sections at our university. Our analysis led to the identification of four distinct mental models, some of which resembled scientific models of acids and acid strength. However, the distinct models are better characterized as synthetic models that combined assumptions from one or more scientific models with intuitive beliefs about factors that determine the properties of chemical substances. For many students in our sample, mental models served more as tools for heuristic decision‐making based on intuitively appealing, but many times mistaken, concept associations rather than as cognitive tools to generate explanations. Although many research participants used a single general mental model to complete all of the interview tasks, the presence of specific problem features or changes in the nature of the task (e.g., prediction vs. explanation) prompted several students to change their mental model or to add a different mental representation. Our study indicates that properly diversifying and sequencing the types of academic tasks in which students are asked to participate could better foster meaningful learning as different types of cognitive resources may be activated by different students, and thus shared, analyzed, and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 396–413, 2011  相似文献   

The negative effect of school-average ability on science self-concept in the UK,the UK countries and the world: the Big-Fish-Little-Pond-Effect for PISA 2006     

Benjamin Nagengast  Herbert W. Marsh 《教育心理学》2011,31(5):629-656

Research on the relation between students’ achievement (ACH) and their academic self-concept (ASC) has consistently shown a Big-Fish-Little-Pond-Effect (BFLPE); ASC is positively affected by individual ACH, but negatively affected by school-average ACH. Surprisingly, however, there are few good UK studies of the BFLPE and few anywhere in the world based on science self-concept (S-ASC). Addressing this substantive limitation in existing research with data from PISA 2006, we extend new multigroup doubly-latent multilevel structural equation models – a substantive-methodological synergy. BFLPE predictions for S-ASC are supported for: the total international sample; the total UK sample; each of the four UK countries considered separately. The BFLPE was marginally larger in the UK than the international sample. However, consistent with the selective nature of school systems in the UK, the BFLPE was larger in Northern Ireland and, to a lesser extent, England than in Scotland or Wales.  相似文献   

Embedding Cognitive Behavioural Therapy training in practice: facilitators and barriers for trainee educational psychologists (TEPs)     

Garry Squires  Sandra Dunsmuir 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2011,27(2):117-132

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当前高校青年教师组织发展对策研究——以河北农业大学理学院为例     

王计军  储秀彦  储彦青 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2011,(5):1-2

高校青年教师是当代高校教师中最有活力、最富有创新精神的群体。他们的思想道德及工作行为更容易影响大学生。他们的价值观、创新精神和敬业精神不仅直接关系到他们自身的发展,更容易影响到大学生的成长与发展。在我院教师队伍中,35岁以下的青年教师占到了55·7%,已经成为教师队伍的主体,因此我们长期以来非常注重对青年教师的培养,一方面注重青年教师业务素质的提高,保证教师质量,另一方面,不断提高青年教师的政治素质,努力打造一支业务素质过硬,政治素质够高的基础课教师队伍,为培养新一代又红又专的社会主义事业建设者打下基础。  相似文献