Throwing performance in water polo is related to in-water shoulder proprioception     

Andrea H. Hams  Kerrie Evans  Roger Adams  Gordon Waddington  Jeremy Witchalls 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(22):2588-2595

ABSTRACT

Water polo players require a high level of upper-extremity strength, flexibility and coordination to achieve a peak level of throwing performance. Increased levels of shoulder proprioceptive acuity, strength and range of motion (ROM) have been previously associated with higher sporting performance. A coach-rating scale, used to quantify an athlete’s kicking proficiency in soccer; was adapted in the current study to measure each coach’s subjective expert opinion regarding athletes’ throwing mechanics, velocity, and accuracy. To examine this hypothesis shoulder proprioception acuity of 18 water polo players was measured both in-water and on-land using an AMEDA apparatus and correlated with coach-rated throwing performance and clinical measures of shoulder strength and ROM. There was a moderate positive correlation between the in-water and the on-land proprioception acuity (r = 0.47, p < 0.05). The in-water score showing a strong positive correlation with coach rated throwing mechanics (r = 0.68, p < 0.05) and velocity (r = 0.75, p = 0.02), suggesting that superior proprioception acuity contributed to fast, mechanically-efficient throwing. These findings support the notion that in-water proprioceptive acuity is an important determinant of the throwing performance achieved by water polo athletes and its measurement may be a valuable adjunct to current athlete screening.  相似文献   

No Relative Age Effect in the Birth Dates of Award-Winning Athletes in Male Professional Team Sports     

Paul R. Ford  Mark A. Williams 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):570-573

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Differences in self-regulatory skills among talented athletes: The significance of competitive level and type of sport     

Laura Jonker  Marije T. Elferink-Gemser  Chris Visscher 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):901-908

Abstract

Research has shown that talented athletes outscore their mainstream peers on the basis of self-regulation. Although valuable, this does not tell us more about the distinction between good athletes and the best, which is a prerequisite in talent development. Therefore, we examined the self-regulatory skills of 222 male and female talented athletes aged 12–16 years as a function of competitive sport level (junior international or junior national athletes) and type of sport (individual or team sports). Multivariate analyses of covariance in combination with a discriminant function analysis revealed that “reflection” distinguishes between athletes at the highest levels of excellence. Furthermore, athletes playing individual sports had higher scores on “planning” and “effort” than team sport athletes, highlighting the importance of differences between types of sport. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of reflection as a self-regulatory skill. Reflection facilitates the development of sport-specific characteristics, which may vary by type of sport. This means that an advanced sense of reflection may help talented athletes to acquire desirable characteristics during their “talent” years to ultimately reach adult elite levels of competition.  相似文献   

Predicting Future Trends in Adult Fitness Using the Delphi Approach     

William F. Murray  Boyd O. Jarman 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):124-131

Abstract

This study determined how experts see the future of adult fitness by using the Delphi Technique as a measurement tool. Experts (n = 50), all Fellows of the American College of Sports Medicine, were selected on the basis of their reputations in adult fitness. Three questionnaires were submitted to the panel. In the first questionnaire each expert listed five or more events, trends, or developments they thought would take place and five or more events they would like to see take place in the next 25 years. From the events and trends listed on this questionnaire, 100 items were generated that formed the basis for the last two questionnaires. Responses to the items on the second questionnaire were evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale for probability and desirability. In the third questionnaire, group means and standard deviations were calculated and recorded for each item. Only those items which were significantly (p < .01) higher than 3.0, the average probability or desirability response on the Likert scale, were included in the analysis. The items were divided into seven categories: fitness in sport and recreation, fitness and wellness, fitness in industry, fitness in education, fitness in business, research in fitness, and fitness equipment and facilities. The highest single mean for any item for both probability (M = 4.31) and desirability (M = 4.83) was increased awareness of health and fitness among the elderly.  相似文献   

以专家型人员为重心通过构建“专家库”推动院校科研体系建设     

韩霄  杨国辉  李明明 《科教文汇》2013,(36):6-8

本文在实际分析院校工作中专家型人员重要作用的基础上,阐述了通过以构建院校“专家库”信息平台的方式推动院校科研体系建设的重要作用与意义,并基于一定的实践提出了在现有院校人员体制下开展“专家库”信息平台构建工作的几种可行和有效的途径。  相似文献   

专家型学习的特征及其培养   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡谊  吴庆麟 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,(5):50-54

专家型学习就是像专家一样来应对新问题 ,处理新任务的学习过程。专家型学习的特点可以从三个层面来分析 :学习过程 ,即如何学习新知识或处理新任务 ;活动特性 ,即如何从事领域活动 ;身份转变 ,即如何做到自主安排活动。培养专家型学习的方法有两类 :( 1 )行为模仿 ,即通过行为训练 ,使新手表现更像专家 ,如速度快、记忆好等 ;( 2 )特征塑造 ,即预先确立思维发展目标 ,然后采用某种方法 ,促使新手像专家一样思考 ,如分析问题、自我调节等。对专家型学习的心理学研究 ,其教育的意义之一就在于 :总结个体成为专家的学习特点 ,在此基础上提炼出一些行之有效的方法和策略 (如认知师徒法、成功智力法、自我解释法等 ) ,以培养像专家一样思维并最终成为专家的学习者  相似文献   

“Is This What You’re Talking About?”: Identity Negotiation in International Teaching Assistants’ Instructional Interactions with U.S. College Students     

Shiao-Yun Chiang 《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2016,15(2):114-128

The instructional performance of international teaching assistants (ITA) in U.S. universities is generally considered as problematic due to linguistic and cultural differences in existing studies. Drawing on interactional sociolinguistics, conversation analysis, and positioning theory, this study aims to find out how ITAs are juxtaposed between content expert and language novice in the actual instructional interactions with U.S. college students. The data under study consist of a number of dyadic office hour interactions. The matter of analytic interest is the type of sentence completion that U.S. college students use to assist or improve on ITAs’ instructional discourse. While interactionally accommodating, sentence completion may position the ITA instructors as language novices, and furthermore cast doubt on their situated identity as instructors. The findings here may shed some light on our understanding of how ITAs are negatively perceived and even stereotyped in their instructional discourse.  相似文献   

独玉的成矿大地构造背景分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

江富建  白景锋 《南阳师范学院学报》2003,2(3):68-71

独玉矿床位于华北板块和华南板块之间的秦岭造山带中段，其成因与秦岭造山带的构造演化密切相关。利用岩石化学方法判别及ESCORT专家系统分析可知，独山岩体属于发育在秦岭洋洋壳上的岛弧火山岩，它为独玉的形成准备了物质条件。随着秦岭造山带的逐步形成，该岩体在断裂、挤压作用下被抬升至地表，从而形成孤立的岩体——独山岩体。  相似文献   

A study of the effect of HyperCard and pen-paper performance assessment methods on expert-novice chemistry problem solving     

Dumar  David D.  White  Arthur L.  Helgeson  Stanley L. 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》1994,3(3):187-200

This study investigated HyperCard as a tool for assessment in science education and determined whether or not a HyperCard assessment instrument could differentiate between expert and novice student performance (balancing stoichiometric equations) in science education. Five chemical equations were presented by traditional pen-paper and by a HyperCard (Hyperequation) program. Thirty honors (expert) and 30 regular (novice) chemistry students were randomly divided into HyperCard and traditional pen-paper groups of 15 students each. Scoring was based on five dependent variables: performance scores, number of attempts, rate of attempts, time on task, and correctness. Correlation results indicated that students with high performance scores correctly balanced more equations, required fewer attempts to balance equations, and required less time per attempt than did students with low performance scores. MANOVA results showed that performance scores and correctness scores for both experts and novice were significantly higher on HyperCard compared to pen-paper assessment; the novice scores on HyperCard nearly equaled the expert pen-paper assessment scores. Significant interactions were found for time on task and for correctness. The results suggest that HyperCard can be a suitable tool for assessment in science education and that such an instrument can differentiate between expert and novice student performance.  相似文献   

基于模糊神经网络的核桃病虫害诊断专家系统的设计   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邢美凤  冯斌 《雁北师范学院学报》2005,21(2):28-30

设计了基于模糊神经网络的核桃病虫害诊断专家系统的框架,描述了知识库、推理机、学习机的表示和结构,同时探讨了其实现方案.  相似文献