人体下肢鞭打动作技术原理的生物力学研究     

李世明  部义峰  秦玉鹏 《中国体育科技》2012,48(4):101-107,136

下肢鞭打应属于打击性鞭打动作,选择踢球这一典型的下肢鞭打动作作为研究对象,利用三维录像拍摄与解析技术、逆向动力学计算方法和无线遥测肌电测试与分析技术对其进行了同步研究,以期能够从运动学、动力学、肌电学3个不同的层面来揭示下肢鞭打动作的特征与机制。研究表明:1)下肢鞭打动作角速度特征为后摆时表现为大腿逐渐减速,小腿加速→最大角速度→减速的特点;前摆时表现为大腿加速→最大角速度→减速,小腿持续加速的特点。2)髋关节的屈肌力矩、膝关节的伸肌力矩、踝关节的背屈力矩在下肢鞭打动作前摆阶段起主导作用;髋关节的内收/外展力矩起定向作用;髋关节旋内/旋外力矩、膝关节旋内/旋外力矩以及踝关节内翻力矩的主要作用是对脚的方位及倾斜程度进行调整。3)股直肌、股内肌、股外肌、胫骨前肌在下肢鞭打动作前摆阶段起主导作用。4)小腿加速前摆的初期伸膝肌群产生的伸膝力矩在起支配作用,后期是伸膝力矩与来自大腿角动量的传递共同在起作用。  相似文献   

对技巧女三膝抛直体后空翻两周下动作的动力学和动动学特征的研究     

袁尽洲 《西安体育学院学报》1995,(1)

本文采用高速摄影与三维测力同步的方法，对技巧女三膝抛直体后空翻两周下动作进行了定量测试，揭示了该动作的动力学和运动学特征，进而提出了完成该动作的最佳配合技术特点．  相似文献   

我国优秀女子链球运动员旋转技术的运动学特征分析     

王新坤  党伟 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(6):70-73,88

使用两台松下M9000摄像机,对2001年第9届全国运动会的女子链球决赛进行现场三维立体拍摄。选取前6名运动员最好成绩的录像进行解析,获得了一些较全面的人体运动学数据。从运动学角度,对目前我国部分优秀女子链球运动员旋转技术的时空特征进行了综合定量分析。研究结果表明:研究对象旋转阶段的链球速度增量较低,旋转阶段链球速度增量达到最大值后,随着旋转的继续链球速度增量逐圈降低;旋转中右脚离地落地的时机存在“早抬早落”、“晚抬晚落”、“晚抬早落”三种现象;在旋转过程中,右脚落地形成双支撑瞬间肩髋轴间夹角大于足髋轴间夹角的现象,并随旋转的继续逐圈减小,这是导致运动员持续加速能力逐圈减弱及链球速度增量逐圈降低的原因之一。  相似文献   

足球运动员双脚跳起侧面头顶球的运动生物力学研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘志云  颜亮  杨麟 《武汉体育学院学报》2006,40(5):72-74

从运动生物力学的角度对高水平运动员的双脚跳起侧面头顶球技术采取定性和定量相结合的方式进行综合性的对比分析与研究，探讨了双脚跳起侧面动作的静力学、运动学和动力学方面的特点及生物力学特征。  相似文献   

不同水平女子100米栏运动员跨栏步的运动学分析     

夏正清 《体育科研》2000,21(3):11-13,26

通过高速摄影和文献资料法,对不同水平女子１００ｍ栏运动员分析,发现高水平运动贞起跨时的起跨距离、身体重心的水班平速度明显优于水平相对低的运动员;腾空过栏时低水平运动员身体重心的垂直位移明显大于高水平运动员的值;下栏着地时高水平运动员身体重心水平速度的损失率明显小于低水平运动员;并且发现不同水平运动员的起跨距离、起跨时身体重心水平速度、腾空时身体重心垂直位移、下栏着地时着地点与身体重心垂直投影点的水平距离等指标与其身体重心平均水平速度呈高度正或负相关。  相似文献   

优秀三级跳远运动员跨步跳着地瞬间生物学分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

房斌 《成都体育学院学报》2008,34(11)

采用运动学、肌电图学等研究方法,结合影像解析法,对天津市优秀女子三级跳远运动员跨步跳动作进行分析.研究发现在着地瞬间采用较为明显的"屈腿着地起跳蹬伸技术",到最大缓冲时刻,支撑腿膝角为139.17°,处于合理的蹬伸范围,但在离地瞬间支撑腿膝角明显小于国内外优秀女子选手,且差异具有显著性;在肌电图方面,半腱肌的用力程度始终是最大的,并且臀大肌、腹直肌、胫骨前肌和股内、外侧肌在跨步跳的踏跳过程中都起着非常重要的作用.  相似文献   

Comparing para-rowing set-ups on an ergometer using kinematic movement patterns of able-bodied rowers     

B. Cutler  T. Eger  T. Merritt 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):777-783

While numerous studies have investigated the biomechanics of able-bodied rowing, few studies have been completed with para-rowing set-ups. The purpose of this research was to provide benchmark data for handle kinetics and joint kinematics for able-bodied athletes rowing in para- rowing set-ups on an indoor ergometer. Able-bodied varsity rowers performed maximal trials in three para-rowing set-ups; Legs, Trunk and Arms (LTA), Trunk and Arms (TA) and Arms and Shoulders (AS) rowing. The handle force kinetics of the LTA stroke were comparable to the values for able-bodied literature. Lumbar flexion at the catch, extension at the finish and total range of motion were, however, greater than values in the literature for able-bodied athletes in the LTA set-up. Additionally, rowers in TA and AS set-ups utilised more extreme ranges of motion for lumbar flexion, elbow flexion and shoulder abduction than the LTA set-up. This study provides the first biomechanical values of the para-rowing strokes for researchers, coaches and athletes to use while promoting the safest training programmes possible for para-rowing.  相似文献   

Reliability of unipodal and bipodal counter movement jump landings in a recreational male population     

Cédric Schwartz  Bénédicte Forthomme  Julien Paulus  Jean-François Kaux  Olivier Brüls  Vincent Denoël 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(9):1143-1152

Movement patterns during landing have been suggested to be related to injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-session reliability of kinematic variables and ground reaction forces during landing in a population of male recreational athletes after a counter movement jump. Both unipodal and bipodal landings were evaluated. Furthermore, the possibility to improve landing reliability with a verbal instruction was also studied. Twenty-four male volunteers with no history of lower extremity trauma were randomly assigned to two groups (with and without verbal landing instruction). An optoelectronic 3D system and force plates were used to measure the lower limb joint angles and the ground reaction forces during landing. Intraclass correlation values show moderate to excellent inter-session reliability for the bipodal task (ICC average: 0.80, range: 0.46–0.97) and poor to excellent reliability for the unipodal task (ICC average: >0.75, range: 0.20–0.95). However, large standard errors of measurement values at the ankle joint at impact (27.6?±?11.5°) and for the vertical ground reaction forces (394?±?1091 N) show that some variables may not be usable in practice. The verbal instruction had a negative effect on the reliability of unipodal landing but improved the reliability of bipodal landing. These findings show that the reliability of a landing task is influenced by its motor complexity as well as the instruction given to the subject.  相似文献   

The effects of a standard elliptical vs. a modified elliptical with a converging footpath on lower limb kinematics and muscle activity     

Erik Hummer  Eryn Murphy  David N. Suprak  Lorrie Brilla  Jun G. San Juan 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(20):2382-2389

  相似文献   

Effect of the starting and turning performances on the subsequent swimming parameters of elite swimmers     

Santiago Veiga  Andreu Roig 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(1):34-44

In the present research, we examined the effect of the starting and turning performances on the subsequent swimming parameters by (1) comparing the starting and turning velocities with the swimming parameters on the emersion and mid-pool segments and (2) by relating the individual behaviour of swimmers during the start and turns with subsequent behaviour on each swimming lap. One hundred and twelve 100 m performances on the FINA 2013 World Swimming Championships were analysed by an image-processing system (InThePool 2.0®). At the point of the start emersion, the swimming parameters of the 100-m elite swimmers were substantially greater than the mid-pool parameters, except on the breaststroke races. On the other hand, no diminution in the swimming parameters was observed between the turn emersion and the mid-pool swimming, except on the butterfly and backstroke male races. Changes on the surface swimming kinematics were not generally related to the starting or turning parameters, although male swimmers who develop faster starts seem to achieve faster velocities at emersion. Race analysts should be aware of a transfer of momentum when swimmers emerge from underwater with implications on the subsequent swimming kinematics, especially for male swimmers who employ underwater undulatory techniques.  相似文献