Public procurement and innovation—Resurrecting the demand side     

Jakob Edler  Luke Georghiou 《Research Policy》2007,36(7):949-963

Demand is a major potential source of innovation, yet the critical role of demand as a key driver of innovation has still to be recognised in government policy. This article discusses public procurement as one of the key elements of a demand-oriented innovation policy. The paper starts by signaling the new significance of public procurement for innovation policy strategies at the EU level and in a range of European countries. It then defines the concept of public procurement and embeds this concept within a taxonomy of innovation policies. The rationales and justifications of public procurement policies to spur innovation are discussed, followed by a consideration of the challenges and potential pitfalls as well as appropriate institutional arrangements and strategies, including some recent empirical examples of good practice. It concludes by confronting the public procurement approach with two of the most common objections to it and by considering future prospects.  相似文献   

中国高技术产业技术创新动态能力演化研究     

李志春  李海超 《科技管理研究》2019,39(9)

高技术产业的蓬勃发展过程中技术创新的作用至关重要,因此高技术产业技术创新成为全世界各国竞争的核心与学术研究的热门。为了探究高技术产业技术创新动态能力的演化过程,本文根据经典物理力学理论,构建中国高技术产业技术创新动态能力演化三维动态模型,从技术创新动态能力的主导逻辑思维出发,以能力广度、能力深度、能力的生命周期三个角度,对高技术产业技术创新动态能力演化模型进行维度分析。研究表明高技术产业技术创新动态能力演化过程在空间内形成类似于S型的曲面。  相似文献   

How communities support innovative activities: an exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Nikolaus Franke  Sonali Shah 《Research Policy》2003,32(1):157-178

This study contributes to our understanding of the innovation process by bringing attention to and investigating the process by which innovators outside of firms obtain innovation-related resources and assistance. This study is the first to explicitly examine how user-innovators gather the information and assistance they need to develop their ideas and how they share and diffuse the resulting innovations. Specifically, this exploratory study analyzes the context within which individuals who belong to voluntary special-interest communities develop sports-related consumer product innovations. We find that these individuals often prototype novel sports-related products and that they receive assistance in developing their innovations from fellow community members. We find that innovation-related information and assistance, as well as the innovations themselves, are freely shared within these communities. The nature of these voluntary communities, and the “institutional” structure supporting innovation and free sharing of innovations is likely to be of interest to innovation researchers and managers both within and beyond this product arena.  相似文献   

Policy learning and innovation theory: an interactive and co-evolving process     

Lynn K. Mytelka  Keith Smith 《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)

This paper explores links between the development of innovation theory since the late 1970s, and the evolution of innovation policy ideas, primarily in the 1990s. The argument is that there is a close connection between theory and policy, so that theory and policy learning can be seen as an integrated, co-evolving and interactive process. We analyse the theory-policy learning link in terms of two phases. We suggest that the complex economic crisis of the 1970s created an opening for rival analyses of events. During the 1980s, the development of evolutionary theories (pioneered by Nelson and Winter) and of empirically-based theories of the innovation process (pioneered by Nathan Rosenberg) created a framework in which policy agencies could consider heterodox ideas concerning objectives and instruments of public policy. By the early 1990s policy-makers, particularly in Europe, came to see RTD and innovation policies not just as important arenas of action in themselves, but as instruments towards more wide ranging policy objectives. The policy agencies involved, though hierarchical, were characterised by relatively open structures that permitted a degree of intellectual diversity: so organisations like the OECD and the European Commission played a central role, whereas the World Bank, for example, did not. Increasing policy interest stimulated a second phase of research in the 1990s, sponsored both nationally and by various EU programmes, in which expanding the innovation-oriented knowledge base became a significant objective for policy-makers. The paper argues that the theory-policy link has been central to the intellectual development of this field, which would have been impossible within the constraints of existing disciplinary structures and university funding systems. At the same time the analytical achievements have permitted a wide expansion in the conceptualization of policy targets and in the design of instruments available to policy-makers. In a sense, this is itself an evolutionary story: of a crisis and a conjunctural niche that permitted the creation and (so far) survival of a set of diverse and certainly non-conventional ideas.  相似文献   

粤港澳大湾区科技创新能力空间结构演变与影响因素探究     

王盟迪 《科技管理研究》2019,39(18)

粤港澳大湾区已经成为我国创新驱动发展的桥头堡,助力我国加快提高科技创新能力。本文选取粤港澳大湾区“9+2”城市历年科技创新能力相关数据构建成面板数据集。为了能够进一步分析湾区区域间的科技创新能力差异,将湾区划分成西湾、中湾、东湾和港澳湾。基于空间差异、空间自相关以及空间计量的分析理论与方法,借助GeoDa、ArcGIS和Stata数据分析软件,深层次地探究粤港澳大湾区科技创新能力的空间结构演变及其影响因素。  相似文献   

企业技术创新风险分析   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

吴运建  周良毅 《科研管理》1996,17(3):34-38

实践证明,技术创新风险越来越成为我国工业企业技术创新的障碍.本文分析了企业技术创新风险的来源,讨论了企业技术创新风险管理的主要内容,并对企业技术创新风险评价问题进行了详细探讨.  相似文献   

Socio-political factors and the failure of innovation policy in Croatia as a country in transition     

Jadranka Švarc 《Research Policy》2006,35(1):144-159

This paper discusses the roles of socio-political factors and related public policies in the economic growth of Croatia, as well as their influence on its transition to a knowledge economy (KE). The Croatian experience might help to understand transition processes in other Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). This paper argues that Croatia has failed to capitalize on its inherited science base, which could have been used as a starting point in the transition towards a KE, because it has not made the shift from an obsolete socialist-style science policy to a modern innovation policy (IP); the latter is seen as the new policy paradigm necessary for structural adjustment to a KE.Covert socio-political growth factors shaped by the country-specific historical heritage of Croatia have prevented the recognition of the need for structural adjustment to the new technology regime, and have led to the belief that the IP is not only irrelevant but is also a relict of the state interventionism inherited from socialism, which was the most serious obstacle to policy reform.Examples drawn from the development of the IP and the National System of Innovation (NSI) in Croatia, which shares the socialist model of science policy and the socio-political context of the transition towards a market economy with other CEECs, can help to explain the failure of the IP. In the Croatian case, the decisive factors were the social state of so-called “semi-modernism” and the governance of the so-called “de-industrializing elite”.This paper concludes that the transition of a CEEC from a market economy to a KE requires a serious re-design of development policy, the effectiveness of which depends on social change determined by the political recognition and social assimilation of the new technological regime. In this sense, the current paper contributes to the understanding of the roles of social capital and governance in the economic growth of post-socialist countries.  相似文献   

政府在中小企业创新中的功能定位比较分析     

秦颖 《中国青年科技》2007,(4):11-15

中小企业创新在世界各国经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用,各国政府对中小企业创新扶持力度和扶持角度各不相同,中国的中小企业创新起步较晚,如何让中小企业尽快发展起来,政府在扶持中小企业发展中的定位问题很关键。本文在比较西方各国做法的基础上,希望我国政府在对中小企业创新管理上定位适当,为企业打造良性发展的平台。  相似文献   

吉林省"十五"期间省属自然研究机构自主创新能力分析     

张可  王桂珍 《现代情报》2006,26(8):216-218,221

本文通过对机构创新的几个重要指标的阐述，对比并分析了“十五”以来省属研究机构的自主创新能力现状。  相似文献   

How open is open enough?: Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies     

Joel West 《Research Policy》2003,32(7):1259-1285

Computer platforms provide an integrated architecture of hardware and software standards as a basis for developing complementary assets. The most successful platforms were owned by proprietary sponsors that controlled platform evolution and appropriated associated rewards.Responding to the Internet and open source systems, three traditional vendors of proprietary platforms experimented with hybrid strategies which attempted to combine the advantages of open source software while retaining control and differentiation. Such hybrid standards strategies reflect the competing imperatives for adoption and appropriability, and suggest the conditions under which such strategies may be preferable to either the purely open or purely proprietary alternatives.  相似文献