论美国大学与联邦实验室技术转移政策的差异     

骆严  朱雪忠  焦洪涛 《科学学研究》2016,(3):373-379

美国市场主导型的大学与政府主导型的联邦实验室在技术转移中的差异性直接映射在科技政策中,1980年《史蒂文森——怀德勒技术创新法》与《拜杜法案》分别确立了联邦实验室与大学技术转移的核心制度,前者在于"设定义务",后者在于"下放权利",虽然二者不断交叉与融合,但仍保持制度内在逻辑的差异性。我国的法律移植过程,忽视了高等学校、国立科研机构与美国大学、联邦实验室的差异,忽视了美国技术转移政策之间的差异。美国的经验对我国"拜杜规则"的完善、国立科研机构的建设具有启示意义。  相似文献   

政府补贴、市场集中度与种业企业技术创新效率的关系——基于省级面板数据     

陈超  张悦  王迎春  杨扬 《科技管理研究》2021,41(20):87-96

为促进种业技术创新效率提高,基于2013—2018年我国30个省份的种业企业数据,运用DEA-Malmquist模型对企业技术创新效率进行测算和动态分析,并运用面板Tobit模型和门限回归模型分析政府补贴与市场集中度对企业技术创新效率的影响.结果表明:我国种业企业技术创新效率整体偏低,全要素增长率提高主要依赖于技术进步和创新;市场集中度对企业技术创新效率具有负面影响;政府补贴可以促进企业技术创新效率的提高,但效果会受到市场集中度的调节,市场集中度过高会抑制政府补贴的积极效果.基于研究结论,提出加强市场和政府两种手段的协调和控制种业市场集中程度等促进我国种业产业高质量发展的对策建议.  相似文献   

国家实验室技术转移模式与影响因素的研究进展综述     

冯伟波  周源  周羽 《科技管理研究》2019,39(10)

在发达国家特别是在美国,国家实验室以及类似的公共创新平台经历了长期的发展,在整个科技创新体系和创新生态中一直扮演着十分重要的角色。本文以技术转移效率理论作为分析框架,分析了当前国家实验室技术转移研究的进展,对国家实验室技术转移的各个模式进行了分类及评价。另外,在现有文献综述的基础上,本文还梳理总结了可能影响国家实验室技术转移的因素,并归纳梳理了国家实验室技术转移的影响因素与不同转移模式之间存在的关联,从而为指导下一步研究奠定了基础。最后,本文总结我国需要推进国家实验室技术转移的实证研究,并且指出价值网络扩散会是国家实验室技术转移模式的未来发展方向,需要进一步关注。  相似文献   

Socio-political factors and the failure of innovation policy in Croatia as a country in transition     

Jadranka Švarc 《Research Policy》2006,35(1):144-159

This paper discusses the roles of socio-political factors and related public policies in the economic growth of Croatia, as well as their influence on its transition to a knowledge economy (KE). The Croatian experience might help to understand transition processes in other Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). This paper argues that Croatia has failed to capitalize on its inherited science base, which could have been used as a starting point in the transition towards a KE, because it has not made the shift from an obsolete socialist-style science policy to a modern innovation policy (IP); the latter is seen as the new policy paradigm necessary for structural adjustment to a KE.Covert socio-political growth factors shaped by the country-specific historical heritage of Croatia have prevented the recognition of the need for structural adjustment to the new technology regime, and have led to the belief that the IP is not only irrelevant but is also a relict of the state interventionism inherited from socialism, which was the most serious obstacle to policy reform.Examples drawn from the development of the IP and the National System of Innovation (NSI) in Croatia, which shares the socialist model of science policy and the socio-political context of the transition towards a market economy with other CEECs, can help to explain the failure of the IP. In the Croatian case, the decisive factors were the social state of so-called “semi-modernism” and the governance of the so-called “de-industrializing elite”.This paper concludes that the transition of a CEEC from a market economy to a KE requires a serious re-design of development policy, the effectiveness of which depends on social change determined by the political recognition and social assimilation of the new technological regime. In this sense, the current paper contributes to the understanding of the roles of social capital and governance in the economic growth of post-socialist countries.  相似文献   

略论创新文化建设   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王汉林 《科学．经济．社会》2006,24(3):86-88

创新文化主要指的是在技术领域能够激发人们进行自主创新的文化,通过创新文化来创新技术,其实质是科学精神与人文精神的融合。本文论述了建设创新文化的主要内容与途径。  相似文献   

产业创新系统模型的构建与分析   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

张治河  胡树华  金鑫  谢忠泉 《科研管理》2006,27(2):36-39

产业创新系统研究是继技术创新理论和国家创新系统理论之后创新管理领域兴起的新兴前沿领域。本文在综合研究国内外产业创新管理优秀成果的基础上,构建了产业创新系统模型,对其结构、功能和运行机制进行了分析。  相似文献   

组合技术创新的理论模式与实证研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

许庆瑞  陈劲  郭斌 《科研管理》1997,(3)

技术创新作为企业资源结构有机化和高度化的核心动因，对单个技术创新的分析研究显然是不够的，必须以系统的观点、从战略的高度和组合的角度来研究企业的技术创新行为。本文即从组合的角度，结合浙江省典型企业的具体事例，对技术创新的新模式——组合技术创新的理论模式作一探讨，对技术创新管理作了展望。  相似文献   

郑洛新国家自主创新示范区创新绩效评价及提升路径     

王淑英  赵雅曼 《科技管理研究》2021,41(20):10-16

从创新转化效率和创新产出效益两方面构建评价指标体系,采用横向对比分析和动态变化分析相结合方法,对2013—2018年郑洛新国家自主创新示范区创新绩效进行综合评价,并对其内部3个高新区及其与全国其他18个国家自主创新示范区创新绩效水平进行动态对比分析.研究发现,国家自主创新示范区创新转化效率和产出效益不一定成正比;郑洛新国家自主创新示范区的创新绩效整体呈上升态势,且主要依赖于技术变动,但目前整体水平都不高,与山东半岛、西安、长株潭国家自主创新示范区同处于"低效率-低效益"区间,位于全国国家自主创新示范区下游水平;郑州、新乡高新区的创新效率都获得较大提升,创新效益则为郑州高新区一家独大.最后针对评价结果,提出郑洛新国家自主创新示范区持续增加创新投入,以科技创新为核心,发挥政府的指导、计划和协调作用等促进创新绩效提升的实现路径.  相似文献   

Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bart Van Looy  Marina Ranga  Julie Callaert  Edwin Zimmermann 《Research Policy》2004,33(3):425-441

The increase of entrepreneurial activity within academia has raised concerns that the research orientation of universities might become ‘contaminated’ by the application-oriented needs of industry. Empirical evidence on this concern is scarce and ambiguous. We examine whether entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia can be reconciled. Our empirical findings (KU Leuven, Belgium) suggest that both activities do not hamper each other; engagement in entrepreneurial activities coincides with increased publication outputs, without affecting the nature of the publications involved. As resources increase, this interaction becomes more significant, pointing towards a Matthew-effect. We finally suggest that balancing both activities further depends on the institutional policies deployed.  相似文献   

Public procurement and innovation—Resurrecting the demand side     

Jakob Edler  Luke Georghiou 《Research Policy》2007,36(7):949-963

Demand is a major potential source of innovation, yet the critical role of demand as a key driver of innovation has still to be recognised in government policy. This article discusses public procurement as one of the key elements of a demand-oriented innovation policy. The paper starts by signaling the new significance of public procurement for innovation policy strategies at the EU level and in a range of European countries. It then defines the concept of public procurement and embeds this concept within a taxonomy of innovation policies. The rationales and justifications of public procurement policies to spur innovation are discussed, followed by a consideration of the challenges and potential pitfalls as well as appropriate institutional arrangements and strategies, including some recent empirical examples of good practice. It concludes by confronting the public procurement approach with two of the most common objections to it and by considering future prospects.  相似文献