运动对肥胖大鼠血浆和下丘脑NPY蛋白及其基因表达的影响     

田应池  汪军  胡爱武 《北京体育大学学报》2009,32(1)

目的:一次性运动对肥胖大鼠摄食量、血清学指标、血浆和下丘脑NPY蛋白及其基因表达的影响,探讨运动影响摄食量和体重的分子生物学机制.方法:肥胖建模成功大鼠分为对照组、即刻组、1 h组、3 h组、12 h组和24 h组,分别在一次性跑台运动后不同时间段观察大鼠进食量并测试相关指标.结果:一次性运动后肥胖大鼠摄食量明显下降,血糖和血脂等在运动后即刻没有明显变化,在运动后的恢复期开始明显下降,恢复后期才逐渐恢复到正常水平.血浆NFY水平显著下降,下丘脑NPY水平明显上升,而下丘脑NPY基因表达变化不明显.结论:肥胖大鼠运动后摄食量下降;下丘脑NFY分泌增加而合成没有明显增加;下丘脑NPY蛋白增加可以促进机体运动后摄食,防止能量的进一步消耗,有利于运动后的能量恢复.  相似文献   

不同家庭收入影响我国大学生肥胖与体质健康的相关性分析     

尹小俭  李英  季成叶 《北京体育大学学报》2009,(6)

以我国上海市大学学生为研究对象,分析了大学生的肥胖、血压及其与家庭经济因素之间的相互关系。结果显示,城市组大学生肥胖率显著性高于农村组大学生肥胖率;大学男生肥胖组家庭人均收入显著性高于正常组及偏瘦组,女生则不存在显著性差异;肥胖组大学生的血压显著性高于偏瘦组及正常组大学生的血压;随着体重变动率的逐渐增加,血压变动量也随之显著性增大。  相似文献   

河北省中年超重与肥胖人群营养干预方案的设计与分析     

路皓  宋磊刚  李雷  刘丽萍 《河北体育学院学报》2009,23(1):76-78

营养干预是控制超重与肥胖的最重要、也是最可行的方法之一。对超重与肥胖人群进行营养配餐是为其提供全面平衡适量的膳食、控制体重、促进健康、预防疾病的重要措施。为此,提出了“超重与肥胖人群营养配餐”的编制目的、编制方法,并依此种方法,编制了超重与肥胖人群营养配餐实例。  相似文献   

大学生体重指数与身体机能的相关研究     

夏炎  唐丽  李冬梅  于芳 《山西师大体育学院学报》2009,24(1):127-129

运用文献资料法、频数分析和相关性检验等方法对中北大学2003届大学生的体重指数（BMI）和身体机能指标进行分析研究。结果表明：BMI指数与肺活量／体重指数呈显著性负相关;与台阶指数、安静脉搏无显著性相关。  相似文献   

对肥胖女青少年采用运动加营养减重效果的研究     

朱永国  陈钧  张泳  刘志勇 《首都体育学院学报》2009,21(2)

通过对随机选取的宝迪沃第42d减肥训练营2007年度的60名减肥队员42d训练的跟踪观察,探讨适宜减重的目标、速度和持续时间及运动加营养的效果。结果显示：宝迪沃第42d减肥训练营采用以有氧训练为主,其他训练为辅,配合科学的营养饮食的训练方法是科学的,这种方法不仅使队员们在42d的封闭式减肥训练后有效地减少了预定体重比减少10%左右的目标,同时在控制心血管系统疾病危险因素方面也取得良好的效果。其科学营养配餐,整齐一致的作息时间,使队员们养成了良好的生活及饮食习惯,保证了队员们在42d艰苦训练中的身体健康。  相似文献   

Influence of personal and lesson factors on caloric expenditure in physical education     

Ang Chen  Haichun Sun  Xihe Zhu  Catherine D. Ennis 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2012,1(1):49-56

BackgroundIncreasing caloric expenditure in physical education is considered an effective school-based approach to addressing the child obesity epidemic. This study was designed to determine synergistic influences of student characteristics and lesson factors on caloric expenditure in elementary and middle school physical education.MethodsThe study used a multi-level design. Level-1 factors included personal characteristics: age, gender, and body mass index. Level-2 factors included lesson length, content, and school level. Based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention age–gender adjusted growth chart, students in 87 classes from 14 elementary and 15 middle schools were pre-screened into “Overweight”, “Healthy weight”, or “Thin” groups. One boy and one girl were randomly selected from each group in each class as data providers (264 elementary and 294 middle school students). Caloric expenditure was measured in 243 physical education lessons using accelerometers.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed and hierarchical linear modeling confirmed separate age by body mass index, age by gender, and content by lesson–length interaction effects, suggesting that the personal and lesson factors influenced caloric expenditure independently. Older male and heavier students burned more calories in all lessons. Students burned more calories in 45–60 min sport skill or fitness lessons than in shorter (30 min) or longer (75–90 min) game or multi-activity lessons.ConclusionsThe hypothesized cross-level interaction was not observed in the data. Caloric expenditure can be optimized in 45–60 min sport skill or fitness development lessons. It can be recommended that schools adopt 45–60 min lesson length and provide skill and fitness development tasks in physical education to maximize caloric expenditure.  相似文献   

Classification of obesity varies between body mass index and direct measures of body fat in boys and girls of Asian and European ancestry     

J. McConnell-Nzunga  P.J. Naylor  H. Macdonald  R. E. Rhodes  S. M. Hofer 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(2):154-166

Body mass index is a common proxy for proportion of body fat. However, body mass index may not classify youth similarly across ages and ethnicities. We used sex- and ethnic-specific receiver operating characteristic curves to determine how obesity classifications compared between body mass index and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry-based body fat percent. Male and female participants 9- to 18-years-old (n = 944; 487 female) were measured 1 to 13 times (1999–2012; 4,411 observations). Body mass index identified < 50% of those classified as obese from body fat percent. Specificity was 99.7%, and sensitivity was 35.8%. Using area under the curve and standard error values, body mass index performed significantly better for: Male versus female at 10 years, Asian versus European female except at 13-, 15-, and 16-years-old, Asian female versus male except at 10- and 15-years-old, and for European male versus female, 9- to 11-years-old (p < .05). Our findings provide evidence that users of body mass index should use caution when comparing body mass index across age, sex, and ethnicity.  相似文献   

Oxygen uptake during mini trampoline exercise in normal-weight,endurance-trained adults and in overweight-obese,inactive adults: A proof-of-concept study     

Christoph Höchsmann  Anja Rossmeissl  Sandra Baumann  Denis Infanger  Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(5):753-761

Objectives: To examine cardiorespiratory exertion during mini trampoline exercises of different intensities in both endurance-trained athletes and overweight-obese adults. Methods: Physically healthy participants (Group A: normal-weight, endurance-trained athletes; Group B: inactive, overweight-obese adults) participated in two measurement appointments and three training sessions in between appointments, in which participants familiarized themselves with the use of the mini trampoline and the execution of the exercises. The primary outcome was the ?O_2peak for each of the six mini trampoline exercises relative to the ?O_2peak as established during an all-out exercise test on a bike ergometer during the first measurement appointment. Secondary outcomes were average ?O₂ as well as maximum and average heart rate. Results: The six mini trampoline exercises generated ?O_2peak values between 42% and 81% in the endurance-trained athletes and between 58% and 87% in the overweight-obese participants, both in relation to the bike ergometer ?O_2peak. Average ?O₂ values ranged from 35% to 69% (endurance-trained athletes) and from 48% to 71% (overweight-obese participants), depending on exercise. Average heart rate likewise lay in a range that can be categorized as moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise for both groups. A moderate-to-strong correlation (0.658 to 0.875, depending on exercise) between bike ergometer ?O_2peak and mini trampoline ?O_2peak was found for all six exercises. Conclusions: Mini trampoline exercise has the potential to produce training intensities that concur with established exercise guidelines. The exercise intensity is self-adjusting and allows for an effective and safe workout for different users with a wide range of fitness levels.  相似文献   

Effect of a pilot multi-component intervention on motor performance and metabolic risks in overweight/obese youth     

Dominique Silva Silveira  Luis Filipe Gomes Barbosa Ferreira Lemos  Rafael Miranda Tassitano  Maria Teresa Cattuzzo  Anderson Henry Pereira Feitoza  Luisa Maria Seara Moreira Carneiro Aires 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(20):2317-2326

This study evaluated the effect of a multi-component intervention on motor performance (MP) and metabolic risk markers (MRM) in overweight/obese youth. A secondary aim was to examine whether changes in MP are associated to changes in MRM. A 3-month multi-component intervention was performed, consisting of physical exercise sessions (twice/week;1h), nutritional education sessions (once/month), and parental support (twice/week). The sample included 35 volunteers (7–13 y.o), allocated to intervention (INT, n = 17) and control (CONT, n = 18) group. Variables were measured pre (T0) and post intervention (T1). Fasting blood samples were analyzed for MRM. MP tests included the measurement of health related physical fitness components and motor coordination performance (KTK battery). To assess food intake, a 24-hour recall diary was used. GLM-ANCOVA was performed. Standardized scores were calculated for the outcome variables, and multilinear regressions were applied to analyze associations between the key variables. INT group showed improvements in MP, glycolytic and hepatic profiles. After adjustments for MVPA, SB, total intake and maturational stage, negative associations between %ΔMP and %Δglycolytic (β = -.424; 95%CI:-0.343:-0.022), and %Δhepatic scores (β = -.382 95%CI:-0.001:-0.009) were observed. The intervention produced a moderate-to-high effect on the MP and some MRM. Changes in MP were inversely associated with changes in glycolytic and hepatic markers.  相似文献   

太极拳运动对肥胖患者全基因组表达的影响     

钱怡  柯杰兵 《军事体育进修学院学报》2010,29(3):120-122

为从分子水平上研究太极拳运动对促进病人健康的良好影响,6名肥胖并高胰岛素血症患者（62．9±4．2岁,3名男性,3名女性）参加了课题的研究。通过一系列分子生物学实验,发现太极拳运动使高胰岛素血症患者体内AMPK活性有恢复正常水平的趋势,且使AMPK三种亚型（1,2和81）的表达趋于正常,这为生产调节川删（活性基因药物,并对Ⅱ型糖尿病的靶向治疗提供了思路。同时有氧运动可使组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂（t—PA）、结缔组织激活肽III（CTAP III）以及四连接素（tetranectin）基因表达发生改变,而这些基因表达异常是导致代谢综合症的重要原因,代谢综合症又是导致外周血管疾病以及血栓形成的重要因素,表明有氧运动可有效避免这些疾患的发生。  相似文献