全球化和中国背景下的肥胖          下载免费PDF全文

Colin Boreham 《体育科研》2013,34(1):39-40

中国成人肥胖的发展轨迹可能与美国和欧盟的非常相似——肥胖率迅速上升,研究发现,在过去的20年中,中国男性的肥胖率（BMI≥28）增加了近4倍,从3％增加到11％,女性肥胖率（BMI≥28）也已翻倍,从5％增加到10％：男性腹部肥胖（腰围≥90cm）已由8％增加到28％,女性腹部肥胖（腰围≥80cm）也由28％增加到46％,、肥胖会导致医药费的增加、生产力的损失及受教育方面的损失、、文章认为,导致肥胖增加的群体的能量不平衡都根源于饮食和体力活动两个方面,并提出了有效的肥胖干预计划.  相似文献   

Prediction of habitual physical activity level and weight status from fundamental movement skill level     

Elizabeth Sarah Bryant  Rob S. James  Samantha Louise Birch  Mike Duncan 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):1775-1782

Abstract

Fundamental movement skills (FMS) have been assessed in children in order to investigate the issues of the low proportion of children who meet physical activity (PA) guidelines and rising levels of obesity. The aim of this research was to identify whether previous or current FMS level is a better predictor of PA levels and weight status in children. In January 2012 (year 1), 281 children were recruited from one primary school in the West Midlands, UK. Children performed eight FMS three times, which were videoed and assessed using a subjective checklist. Sprint speed and jump height were measured objectively. Height and mass were measured to calculate the body mass index to determine the weight status. Skinfold calliper readings were used to calculate body fat percentage. One year later, in January 2013, all these tests were repeated on the same children, with the additional collection of PA data via the use of pedometers. Following multiple linear regression, it was identified that prior mastery in FMS was a better predictor of current PA, whereas current FMS was a better predictor of current weight status. Overall, FMS mastery is needed in childhood to be able to participate in PA and maintain a healthy weight status.  相似文献   

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Overweight Children's Cognitive Functioning     

Catherine L. Davis  Phillip D. Tomporowski  Colleen A. Boyle  Jennifer L. Waller  Patricia H. Miller  Jack A. Naglieri 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(5):510-519

The study tested the effect of aerobic exercise training on executive function in overweight children. Ninety-four sedentary, overweight but otherwise healthy children (mean age = 9.2 years, body mass index ? 85th percentile) were randomized to a low-dose (20 min/day exercise), high-dose (40 min/day exercise), or control condition. Exercise sessions met 5 days/week for 15 weeks. The Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), a standardized test of cognitive processes, was administered individually before and following intervention. Analysis of covariance on posttest scores revealed effects on executive function. Group differences emerged for the CAS Planning scale (p = .03). Planning scores for the high-dose group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Exercise may prove to be a simple, yet important, method of enhancing aspects of children's mental functioning that are central to cognitive and social development.  相似文献   

Evolution of fat oxidation during exercise in obese pubertal boys: Clinical implications     

Gautier Zunquin  Denis Theunynck  Bruno Sesboüé  Pierre Arhan  Dominique Bouglé 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):315-318

Abstract

In this study, we examined fat oxidation rates during exercise in obese pubescent boys. Three groups of pubescent boys (16 pre-pubescent, Tanner's stage I; 16 pubescent, Tanner's stage III; and 14 post-pubescent, Tanner's stage V) performed a graded test on a leg cycle ergometer. The first step of the test was fixed at 30 W and power was gradually increased by 20 W every 3.5 min. Oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O₂) and carbon dioxide production ([Vdot]CO₂) were determined as the means of measurements during the last 30 s of each step, which allowed us to calculate fat oxidation rates versus exercise intensity. Between 20 and 50% of peak oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O_2peak), fat oxidation rate in relative values (mg · min^?1 · kg FFM^?1) decreased continuously with pubertal development. In the same way, the maximum rate of fat oxidation occurred at a lower percentage of [Vdot]O_2peak (pre-pubescent: 49.47 ± 1.62%; pubescent: 47.43 ± 1.26%; post-pubescent: 45.00 ± 0.97%). Our results confirm that puberty is responsible for a decrease in fat free mass capacities to use fat during exercise. The results suggest that post-pubescent obese boys need to practise physical activity at a lower intensity than pre-pubescent boys to enhance lipolysis and diminish adipose tissue and the consequences of obesity.  相似文献   

The effect of pedometer use on physical activity and body weight in obese women     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):351-356

Abstract

Physical activity and healthy eating are of the utmost importance in treatment of obesity. However obese generally tend to have a sedentary lifestyle. Walking is a form of physical activity that is both simple and can be performed by everyone, but it requires an objective measurement. Number of steps taken during tracking can be recorded with the pedometer, a device used to measure the level of physical activity. We aimed to investigate whether or not using pedometers as a motivational technique to increase the level of physical activity in obese women has an impact on weight loss. Eighty-four obese women who are similar age referring to Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine Healthy Living Clinic, Turkey were randomly divided into two groups. Intervention group were given pedometers, and control group were prescribed similar diet and physical activity with a three-month follow-up plan without pedometers. Mean weight in pedometer group initially was 88.9 ± 8.4 kg, which decreased to 80.2 ± 8.7 kg after the programme. Mean weight in control group was 86.1 ± 9.2 kg at the beginning, and it decreased to 84.7 ± 8.8 kg after three months. It was observed in pedometer group that the mean number of steps 8817 ± 2725 steps/day at the beginning increased to mean 9716 ± 2811 steps/day at the end of the study. Weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and waist circumference measurements decreased more greatly in the pedometer when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Pedometers may be recommended to obese patients to monitor and increase the level of physical activity and to promote weight loss.  相似文献   

Diet and exercise effects on aerobic fitness and body composition in seriously mentally ill adults     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):620-627

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运动对高脂饮食大鼠下丘脑SOCS-3和BDNF以及瘦素抵抗的影响     

田雷  陈钢 《广州体育学院学报》2013,(6):85-89

目的：观察运动对高脂饮食大鼠血清和下丘脑瘦素（Leptin）以及下丘脑 瘦素长型受体（OB-Rb） 、促黑皮素受体4（MC4R）、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子-3（SOCS-3） mRNA表达和脑源性神经营养因子（ BDNF）的影响,探讨适宜运动对高脂饮食大鼠预防肥胖的部分中枢机制。方法：雄性SD鼠24只,随机分为 正常对照组（C组）,高脂模型组（H组）和高脂 60min 运动组（HE组）,每组8只。高脂模型组和高脂 60min 运动组大鼠喂饲高脂饲料,高脂饮食运动组大鼠进行60min的无负重游泳运动。持续10周。结果： 10周运动后,高脂模型组大鼠较正常对照组大鼠体重、Lee''S指数、体脂、脂体比均显著增高(p<0.05), 血清瘦素水平显著升高(p<0.05),下丘脑内OB-Rb、MC4R mRNA表达量显著降低(p<0.05),SOCS-3 mRNA表 达量显著升高(p<0.05),下丘脑BDNF含量显著降低(p<0.05);高脂60min运动组较高脂模型组大鼠体重显 著降低(p<0.01),Lee''S指数、体脂、脂体比均显著降低(p<0.05),血清瘦素水平显著升高(p<0.05),下 丘脑OB-Rb、MC4R、leptin mRNA表达量显著升高(p<0.05),下丘脑SOCS-3 mRNA表达量显著降低(p<0.05) ,下丘脑BDNF含量显著升高(p<0.05)。结论：长期适宜的运动可通过降低下丘脑SOCS-3的表达,增加下丘 脑Leptin 与受体OB-Rb的结合,降低了瘦素抵抗,激活下丘脑含 MC4R 受体的神经元,从而刺激 BDNF 的 释放,从而起到预防高脂饮食引起肥胖的作用。  相似文献   

健身秧歌改善肥胖中年女性形态指标的实证研究     

谢仁桃 《搏击·武术科学》2010,(9):69-70

文章旨为中年女性进行健身秧歌锻炼减肥提供理论依据,采用实验法对60名参加健身秧歌锻炼的肥胖中年女性身体形态指标进行测试与评价。结果表明:经过3个月的锻炼,中年女性的BMI、WHR、FAT%均有显著程度的减少,显示健身秧歌对该人群体形及体成分具有积极的促进和改善作用,健身秧歌是一项科学的理想的减肥方式,值得推广。  相似文献   

肌肉因子Irisin与运动     

林文弢  鞠丽丽  吴菊花  翁锡全 《广州体育学院学报》2016,(1):87-90

Irisin是新近在骨骼肌中发现的肌肉因子,可促进白色脂肪细胞棕色化,增加能量消耗、降低体重.运动通过影响Irisin、UCP1的表达来调控脂代谢进而改善肥胖、糖尿病等代谢性疾病,但不同运动方式和运动强度对Irisin表达的影响规律并不相同.将深入探讨运动调控lrisin表达变化的作用机制,旨为防治肥胖等代谢性疾病提供新视角.  相似文献   

一次急性耐力游泳运动对DIO小鼠脂肪组织巨噬细胞介导的慢性炎症的影响     

贺强  季浏 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(2):61-68

摘要：目的： 探讨一次急性耐力游泳运动对DIO小鼠脂肪组织巨噬细胞介导的慢性炎症的影响及其分子机制。方法：32只4周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为普通饮食组(n=16)和高脂饮食组(n=16)，12周高脂饮食结束分为普通饮食对照组(NC)、普通饮食游泳组(NS)、高脂饮食对照组(HC)和高脂饮食游泳组(HS)，运动组小鼠进行1次2 h耐力游泳运动，每30 min休息5 min，运动结束8 h处死小鼠，分离附睾脂肪基质血管部分细胞(SVCs)，流式细胞术筛分析SVCs中巨噬细胞；罗氏血糖仪检测空腹血糖(FBG)、ELISA法检测血清炎症因子；RT-PCR法检测脂肪基因表达。结果：与NC组相比，HC组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、FBG浓度显著升高(P﹤0.05)，附睾脂肪F4/80+CD11b+巨噬细胞数量、F4/80+CD11b+CD11c+巨噬细胞数量显著升高(P﹤0.05)，附睾脂肪TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、iNOS、F4/80、CD11c mRNA表达显著升高(P﹤0.05)，MGL-1、IL-10、IL-4、IL-13 mRNA表达显著下降(P﹤0.05)。NC组与NS组各项指标之间无显著差异。与HC组相比，HS组小鼠TNF-α、IL-1β、FBG浓度显著下降，附睾脂肪F4/80+CD11b+巨噬细胞数量无显著差异、F4/80+CD11b+CD11c+巨噬细胞数量显著下降(P﹤0.05)，附睾脂肪TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、CD11c mRNA表达显著降低(P﹤0.05)，MGL-1、IL-10、IL-4 mRNA表达显著升高(P﹤0.05)。结论：长期高脂肪膳食诱导小鼠膳食性肥胖，内脏脂肪组织巨噬细胞，尤其M1型巨噬细胞数量增加，促炎症因子基因表达增加；一次急性耐力运动有效改善DIO小鼠脂肪组织炎症，可能与巨噬细胞M1-M2表型转化有关，与巨噬细胞数量无关。  相似文献