大学生肥胖检出率以及肥胖对大学生体质的影响   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

王建雄  李绍光  张晓林  林静 《天津体育学院学报》1996,11(4):28-32

使用皮脂测量法，计算出天津市大学生的肥胖检出率，肥胖标准定为男生大于２０％，女生大于３０％。结果发现男生的肥胖检出率为９％；女生肥胖检出率为１３％。进一步研究肥胖学生的体质状态，表明肥胖对大学生体质从形态、健康体质指标和运动能力上都有不良的影响，与正常体脂大学生的体质状态对比后，我们认为，降低体重，特别是减少体脂含量是肥胖大学生获得健康体质的首选途径  相似文献   

投掷运动员体成分的调查分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕新颖 《北京体育大学学报》1999,(3)

通过对受试者体成分皮褶厚度的测定，并对其派生指标的比较发现：投掷选手皮脂较厚，其中重器械投掷选手达到肥胖标准。分析认为，这是由于其肌肉体积逐渐增大的同时，总伴随着皮下脂肪逐渐堆积的结果。肥胖不仅影响运动的效果，对身体健康也不利。建议投掷选手在促使肌肉体积增大的同时应积极采取消除脂肪的措施。  相似文献   

饮食脂肪含量和耐力运动对肥胖鼠胰岛素受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

王从容  刘亚兵  王敬泽  姚文贞  杨锡让 《体育科学》2000,20(6):51-54

研究利用２０％猪油的高脂饲料诱发大鼠肥胖模型,对胰岛素在肥胖发生中的作用,及胰岛素受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性的变化进行研究,产探讨耐力运动的减体脂机制,及饮食脂肪含 量对胰岛素酶活性的影响,得出以下结论：１．高脂饲料诱发肥胖鼠存在高胰岛素血症,胰岛素敏感性下降,及胰岛素抵抗,其肝细胞膜、脂肪细胞膜、肌细胞膜胰岛素受体结合容量下降,同时,肝细胞膜与肌细胞膜胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶活性（受体激酶自动磷酯化）也  相似文献   

肥胖发生的可能机制与控制手段   总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29  

刘旭东  刘燕萍  高新友 《西安体育学院学报》1999,16(2):3

肥胖的形成与发展受多种因素影响,其过程非常复杂。笔者综述了肥胖机制研究中有代表性和一定影响的几种学说,以及应用较为普遍的几种减肥方法,特别是运动减肥对人体带来的各种影响。  相似文献   

Mediating effects of motor performance,cardiorespiratory fitness,physical activity,and sedentary behaviour on the associations of adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors with academic achievement in children     

Eero A. Haapala  Niina Lintu  Aino-Maija Eloranta  Taisa Venäläinen  Anna-Maija Poikkeus  Timo Ahonen 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(20):2296-2303

We investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors with academic achievement and whether motor performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour mediated these associations. Altogether 175 children 6–8 years-of-age participated in the study. We assessed body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, leptin, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Reading fluency, reading comprehension, and arithmetic skills were assessed using standardized tests. Speed/agility, balance, and manual dexterity test results were used to calculate motor performance score and physical activity was assessed by combined heart rate and movement sensor and cardiorespiratory fitness by maximal cycle ergometer test. In boys, BF% was inversely associated with reading fluency (β = ?0.262, P = 0.007) and reading comprehension (β = ?0.216, P = 0.025). Motor performance mediated these associations. Leptin was inversely related to reading fluency (β = ?0.272, P = 0.006) and reading comprehension (β = ?0.287, P = 0.003). The inverse association of leptin with reading fluency was mediated by motor performance. In girls, GGT was inversely associated with reading fluency independent of confounders (β = ?0.325, P = 0.007). The inverse association of BF% with academic achievement among boys was largely explained by motor performance. Leptin in boys and GGT in girls were inversely associated with academic achievement independent of confounding factors.  相似文献   

Effect of a randomised 12-week resistance training programme on muscular strength,cross-sectional area and muscle quality in women having undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass     

Paul Daniels  Timothy A. Brusseau  Morgan S. Hall  Lance Davidson  Ted D. Adams 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(5):529-535

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week resistance training programme on fat-free mass (FFM), muscle cross-sectional area, muscular strength and muscle quality in women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Participants were 16 women (mean age = 44.9 ± 10.2 years) from bariatric surgical groups who were randomly assigned into either a control or an intervention group. Air displacement plethysmography measured FFM and magnetic resonance imaging measured quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area and whole thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Muscular strength and quality was assessed using an estimated 1-Repetition Maximum assessment. All measurements were collected twice, at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up. There were significantly greater improvements in leg press strength (mean differences = 55.4%, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.4), leg extension strength (mean differences = 18.0%, P = 0.014, Cohen’s d = 0.86) and leg press muscle quality (mean differences = 54.5%, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.9) in the intervention group compared to the control group following the resistance training programme. The resistance training intervention significantly improved muscular strength and quality; however, it did not illicit changes in FFM or muscle cross-sectional area in women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.  相似文献   

篮球对肥胖青少年身体成分影响的实验研究     

甘洁莉 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(2):83-85

通过对40名单纯性肥胖青少年进行为期20天的篮球训练,并与慢跑进行比较,采用人体成分测量仪测量运动前后肥胖青少年身体成分指标的变化,探讨篮球运动对肥胖青少年身体健康的作用,为肥胖青少年进行有效的减肥和提高健康水平提供理论参考。  相似文献   

Adjusting athletes' body mass index to better reflect adiposity in epidemiological research     

Alan M. Nevill  Edward M. Winter  Steve Ingham  Adam Watts  Georgios S. Metsios  Arthur D. Stewart 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):1009-1016

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to identify when body mass index (BMI) is unlikely to be a valid measure of adiposity in athletic populations and to propose a simple adjustment that will allow the BMI of athletes to reflect the adiposity normally associated with non-athletic populations. Using data from three previously published studies containing 236 athletes from seven sports and 293 age-matched controls, the association between adiposity (sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, in millimetres) and BMI was explored using correlation, linear regression, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). As anticipated, there were strong positive correlations (r = 0.83 for both men and women) and slope parameters between adiposity and BMI in age-matched controls from Study 1 (all P < 0.001). The standard of sport participation reduced these associations. Of the correlations and linear-regression slope parameters between adiposity and BMI in the sports from Studies 2 and 3, although still positive in most groups, less than half of the correlations and slope parameters were statistically significant. When data from the three studies were combined, the ANCOVA identified that the BMI slope parameter of controls (5.81 mm · (kg · m^?2)^?1) was greater than the BMI slope parameter for sports (2.62 mm · (kg · m^?2)^?1) and middle-distance runners (0.94 mm · (kg · m^?2)^?1) (P < 0.001). Based on these contrasting associations, we calculated how the BMI of athletes can be adjusted to reflect the same adiposity associated with age-matched controls. This simple adjustment allows the BMI of athletes and non-athletes to be used with greater confidence when investigating the effect of BMI as a risk factor in epidemiological research.  相似文献   

Interactions among Dietary Pattern,Physical Activity and Skinfold Thickness     

Steven N. Blair  Aaron Blair  Russell R. Pate  Henry G. Howe  Morton Rosenberg  Gwynne M. Parker 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):505-511

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the effects of a specifically designed perceptual-motor training program on the level of perceptual-motor development, self-concept, and academic ability of kindergarten children. Subjects for the study were 40 kindergarten children randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Each group received the same kindergarten program with one exception, the experimental group was exposed to a specifically designed perceptual-motor program 30 min daily for 5 mo, while the control group received a free play period for 30 min daily. Results of the study indicated that the data tended to support the specificity of training concept. The variables showing the greatest change were the perceptual-motor tests which measured changes on specific aspects of the training program. There appeared to be some immediate transfer to academic abilities but this was not pronounced enough to suggest that perceptual-motor training was of real benefit in developing academic abilities for normal kindergarten children. In addition the follow-up test indicated no long term effects on academic performance.  相似文献   

Agreement in Body Fat Estimates Between a Hand-Held Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer and Skinfold Thicknesses in African American and Caucasian Adolescents     

James C. Hannon  Thomas Ratliffe  Daniel P. Williams 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):519-526

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of active versus passive recovery on 6 repeated Wingate tests (30-s all-out cycling sprints on a Velotron ergometer). Method: Fifteen healthy participants aged 29 (SD = 8) years old (body mass index = 23 [3] kg/m²) participated in 3 sprint interval training sessions separated by 3 to 7 days between each session during a period of 1 month. The 1st visit was familiarization to 6 cycling sprints; the 2nd and 3rd visits involved a warm-up followed by 6 30-s cycling sprints. Each sprint was followed by 4 min of passive (resting still on the ergometer) or active recovery (pedaling at 1.1 W/kg). The same recovery was used within each visit, and recovery type was randomized between visits. Results: Active recovery resulted in a 0.6 W/kg lower peak power output in the second sprint (95% confidence interval [CI] [ ? 0.2, ? 0.8 W/kg], effect size = 0.50, p < .01) and a 0.4 W/kg greater average power output in the 5th and 6th sprints (95% CI [+0.2,+0.6 W/kg], effect size = 0.50, p < .01) compared with passive recovery. There was little difference between fatigue index, total work, or accumulated work between the 2 recovery conditions. Conclusions: Passive recovery is beneficial when only 2 sprints are completed, whereas active recovery better maintains average power output compared with passive recovery when several sprints are performed sequentially (partial eta squared between conditions for multiple sprints = .38).  相似文献