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赫鲁晓夫在作为苏联最高领导人期间,做出了一系列政策调整,这包括他在苏共二十大上的秘密报告、国内政治经济改革、对外战略上的“三和路线”等。这些政策调整产生了重要的后果,无论是对当时整个世界局势、中苏关系还是整个国际共产主义运动都具有深远的影响。这使赫鲁晓夫也成为一位富有争议性的人物。如何看待这些政策调整直接关系到对赫鲁晓夫本人的历史评价。 相似文献
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美国的专科医师培训始于20世纪初期,历经上百年的实践和探索,已经形成了较为成熟、完善的制度体系。具体包括3大类制度:组织管理制度、培训与评价制度、支撑保障制度。每一大类又是由若干准则和规范组成,相互交织、协同,共同构建起培训工作的刚性约束与支撑。尽管中美两国在国情与文化、制度背景方面存在差异,探析与借鉴美国的先进做法与经验,可以获得如下启示:完善培训管理体制,充分发挥行业组织的自主作用;与国际通行做法接轨,适时制定专科医师准入制度;注重培训质量,构建科学规范的评价考核制度。 相似文献
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王雪强 王于领 张志杰 朱毅 李建华 杨霖 万里 马全胜 马明 刘春龙 祁奇 张伟明 谭同才 郭京伟 许志生 李扬政 宋朝 李艳 黄大海 李长江 矫玮 侯晓晖 黄力平 李豪杰 苟波 廖远朋 陈建 朱东 刘静 赵彦 王文清 江征 谢幼专 马辉 陈佩杰 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(1):59-69
颈痛(neck pain)是成年人慢性病中最常见的健康问题之一,发病率高达71%。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》要求:广泛开展全民健身运动,加强体医融合和非医疗健康干预。为进一步加强体医融合,提高运动疗法改善颈痛的治疗水平,来自中国康复科学、骨科以及运动科学等领域的专家组制定了“运动疗法治疗颈痛的中国专家共识”。经检索国内外常用电子数据库,参考国际常用的证据水平进行分级,结合中国正积极倡导的“非医疗健康干预”和“体医融合”,该专家共识提出了符合中国特色的运动疗法治疗颈痛的规范和推荐建议,指导物理治疗实践和推行体医融合理念。 相似文献
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Guo-qing Ding Yan-lan Yu Zhou-jun Shen Xie-lai Zhou Shan-wen Chen Guo-dong Liao Yue Zhang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(5):335-341
Objective:Our objective was to construct a recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine(rBCG) that secretes human interferon-alpha 2b(IFNα-2b) and to study its immunogenicity and in vitro antitumor activity against human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and T5637.Methods:The signal sequence BCG Ag85B and the gene IFNα-2b were amplified from the genome of BCG and human peripheral blood,respectively,by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The two genes were cloned in Escherichia coli-BCG shuttle-vector pMV261 to obtain a new recombinant plasmid pMV261-Ag85B-IFNα-2b.BCG was transformed with the recombinant plasmid by electroporation and designated rBCG-IFNα-2b.Mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood(PBMCs) and stimulated with rBCG-IFNα-2b or wild type BCG for 3 d,and then cultured with human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and T5637.Their cytotoxicities were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay.Results:BCG was successfully transformed with the recombinant plasmid pMV261-Ag85B-IFNα-2b by electroporation and the recombinant BCG(rBCG-IFNα-2b) was capable of synthesizing and secreting cytokine IFNα-2b.PBMC proliferation was enhanced significantly by rBCG-IFNα-2b,and the cytotoxicity of PBMCs stimulated by rBCG-IFNα-2b to T24 and T5627 was significantly stronger in comparison to wild type BCG.Conclusions:A recombinant BCG,secreting human IFNα-2b(rBCG-IFNα-2b),was constructed successfully and was superior to control wild type BCG in inducing immune responses and enhancing cytotoxicity to human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and T5637.This suggests that rBCG-IFNα-2b could be a promising agent for bladder cancer patients in terms of possible reductions in both clinical dosage and side effects of BCG immunotherapy. 相似文献
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Li-jin Pu Ying Shen Rui-yan Zhang Qi Zhang Lin Lu Feng-hua Ding Jian Hu Zheng-kun Yang Wei-feng Shen 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(8):631-637
Objective: Early detection of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is clinically important with respect to blood pressure control, prevention of renal insufficiency, and even improving survival. We investigated whether the presence of significant ARAS (luminal diameter narrowing ≥70%) could be predicted using a logistic regression model before coronary angiography/intervention. Methods: Initially, we developed a logistic regression model for detecting significant ARAS based upon clinical and angiographic features and biochemical measurements in a cohort of 1 813 patients undergoing transfemoral coronary and renal angiography. This model was then prospectively applied to an additional 495 patients who received transradial renal angiography to ascertain its predictive accuracy for the presence of significant ARAS. Results: Multivariate regression analysis revealed that older age (≥65 years), resistant hypertension, type 2 diabetes, creatinine clearance (Ccr) ≤60 ml/min, and multivessel coronary disease were independent predictors for significant ARAS. A logistic regression model for detecting ARAS by incorporating conventional risk factors and multivessel coronary disease was generated as: P/(1−P)=exp(−2.618+1.112[age≥65 years]+1.891[resistant hypertension]+0.453[type 2 diabetes]+0.587[Ccr≤60 ml/min]+2.254[multivessel coronary disease]). When this regression model was prospectively applied to the additional 495 patients undergoing transradial coronary and renal angiography, significant ARAS could be detected with a sensitivity of 81.2%, specificity of 88.9%, and positive and negative predictive accuracies of 53.8% and 96.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The logistic regression model generated in this study may be useful for screening for significant ARAS in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography/intervention. 相似文献
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研究型医学图书馆层次化服务系统的构建,涉及用户信息库建设,特色资源库的开发、引进,权限配置与管理等多方面。建设一套科学规范的层次化服务系统,对优化和推动图书馆主动、个性化动态服务、提高馆藏资源的利用率具有积极作用。 相似文献
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We are grateful for the constructive commentsgiven by Babic et al.(2013)on our article recentlypublished in the Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B(Biomedicine&Biotechnology)(Pu et al.,2012).The aim of this study was to generate a logisticregression model to predict the presence of 相似文献
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Luzhi Zhang Jiahui Liang Chenyu Jiang Zenghe Liu Lijie Sun Shuo Chen Huixia Xuan Dong Lei Qingbao Guan Xiaofeng Ye Zhengwei You 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(5)
Elastomers are essential for stretchable electronics, which have become more and more important in bio-integrated devices. To ensure high compliance with the application environment, elastomers are expected to resist, and even self-repair, mechanical damage, while being friendly to the human body. Herein, inspired by peptidoglycan, we designed the first room-temperature autonomous self-healing biodegradable and biocompatible elastomers, poly(sebacoyl 1,6-hexamethylenedicarbamate diglyceride) (PSeHCD) elastomers. The unique structure including alternating ester-urethane moieties and bionic hybrid crosslinking endowed PSeHCD elastomers superior properties including ultrafast self-healing, tunable biomimetic mechanical properties, facile reprocessability, as well as good biocompatibility and biodegradability. The potential of the PSeHCD elastomers was demonstrated as a super-fast self-healing stretchable conductor (21 s) and motion sensor (2 min). This work provides a new design and synthetic principle of elastomers for applications in bio-integrated electronics. 相似文献
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"广场协议"后,马克大幅升值,但德国的经济不但没有出现日本式的泡沫,而且仍保持平稳增长。德国成功的经验为当前我国人民币不断升值,制造业出口增幅下降,宏观经济增速减缓等现状提供了十分宝贵的经验。分析德国1970-1998年期间的主要宏观经济数据发现:稳健的货币政策,低通货膨胀率的保持,股市、楼市等资本市场价值的稳定,技术上不断创新并且保持核心技术本土化的制造业、劳动生产率的不断提高以及较低的失业率是德国经济在马克升值期间成功的关键。 相似文献