论大学生信息获取技能训练学习环境的创设     

吕建辉 《现代情报》2006,26(4):187-189

创设大学生信息获取技能训练的学习环境旨在为当代大学生建造一个科学、有效的从各种信息源中广泛收集、巧妙获取各种有用信息相关技巧与能力的平台，用科学发展观的理念构建的《文献信息检索与利用技能训练课》厦其配套学习指导、辅导等，能引导学生在学习和使用信息检索技术、参与信息活动的过程中，实现知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观等不同层面信息素养的综合提升和协调发展。  相似文献   

Gender and IT in the Household: Evolving Patterns of Internet Use in the United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ruby Roy Dholakia 《The Information Society》2006,22(4):231-240

Information technology (IT)—computers and related technologies—is the latest technology to enter the household. Like other technologies, gender is a major factor in its adoption and use as well as its perceived usefulness. Unlike prior household technologies, the computer's entry into the household has followed a different pattern. Early statistics revealed a vast gender divide, with men using computers and related technologies much more in the household. More recent statistics show a narrowing of the divide, perhaps even a reversal, particularly in the United States, with women outnumbering men in the access to and use of the Internet. In this article, the role of gender and its relationship with Internet use in the home are reviewed. In addition to overall adoption and access, the review focuses on specific Internet applications and examines the factors that contribute to gender differences in adoption and use of computers and Internet applications in the home.  相似文献   

基于Kohonen神经网络的中国土地资源综合分区   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

彭建  王军 《资源科学》2006,28(1):43-50

本文在综述我国土地资源综合分区研究进展的基础上，建立了土地资源综合分区的原则、依据和等级体系。在前人相关工作的基础上，采用自上而下的演绎途径，根据水热气候指标与地势差异划分出我国的11个土地资源区，即东北山地平原农林用地区、华北平原旱作农业与工矿建设用地区、黄土高原旱作农业与林牧用地区、四川盆地及秦岭山地农林用地区、长江中下游平原农渔与工矿建设用地区、江南丘陵山地农林用地区、云贵高原农林用地区、华南、滇南热带亚热带农林渔果与工矿建设用地区、内蒙古高原及长城沿线旱作农业与牧业用地区、西北内陆干旱荒漠与绿洲农牧用地区、青藏高原高寒荒漠与林牧用地区；在各土地资源区内部，采用自下而上归并的途径，依据区域土地资源利用结构与社会经济属性指标，以县为基本单元，应用Kohonen网络进行非监督分类，在全国续分出41个土地资源亚区。  相似文献   

Weak Ties in Networked Communities     

Andrea L. Kavanaugh  Debbie Denise Reese  John M. Carroll  Mary Beth Rosson 《The Information Society》2005,21(2):119-131

Communities with high levels of social capital are likely to have a higher quality of life than communities with low social capital. This is due to the greater ability of such communities to organize and mobilize effectively for collective action because they have high levels of social trust, dense social networks, and well-established norms of mutuality (the major features of social capital). Communities with “bridging” social capital (weak ties across groups) as well as “bonding” social capital (strong ties within groups) are the most effective in organizing for collective action. People who belong to multiple groups act as bridging ties. When people with bridging ties use communication media, such as the Internet, they enhance their capability to educate community members and to organize, as needed, for collective action. This article summarizes evidence from stratified household survey data in Blacksburg, VA, showing that people with weak (bridging) ties across groups have higher levels of community involvement, civic interest, and collective efficacy than people without bridging ties among groups. Moreover, heavy Internet users with bridging ties have higher social engagement, use the Internet for social purposes, and have been attending more local meetings and events since going online than heavy Internet users with no bridging ties. These findings may suggest that the Internet—in the hands of bridging individuals-is a tool for enhancing social relations and information exchange, and for increasing face-to-face interaction, all of which help to build both bonding and bridging social capital in communities.  相似文献   

Software vulnerability due to practical drift     

Christian V. Lundestad  Anique Hommels 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(2):89-100

The proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into all aspects of life poses unique ethical challenges as our modern societies become increasingly dependent on the flawless operation of these technologies. As we increasingly entrust our privacy, our well-being and our lives to an ever greater number of computers we need to look more closely at the risks and ethical implications of these developments. By emphasising the vulnerability of software and the practice of professional software developers, we want to make clear the ethical aspects of producing potentially flawed software. This paper outlines some of the vulnerabilities associated with software systems and identifies a number of social and organisational factors affecting software developers and contributing to these vulnerabilities. Scott A. Snook’s theory of practical drift is used as the basis for our analysis. We show that this theory, originally developed to explain the failure of a military organisation, can be used to understand how professional software developers “drift away” from procedures and processes designed to ensure quality and prevent software vulnerability. Based on interviews with software developers in two Norwegian companies we identify two areas where social factors compel software developers to drift away from a global set of rules constituting software development processes and methods. Issues of pleasure and control and difference in mental models contribute to an uncoupling from established practices designed to guarantee the reliability of software and thus diminish its vulnerability.  相似文献   

土地利用纹理样本数据库的建立     

周秀华  霍宏  方涛  李钢 《中国科技信息》2007,(9):28-30

本文概述了多种数据源,多时相的所有类别的不同表现形式的土地利用纹理样本数据的采集、建库等一系列工作,介绍了土地利用纹理样本库德体系结构,主要功能以及设计方法,并分析了XML、OO4O等关键技术。  相似文献   

徐连低山丘陵区土地资源的合理利用     

戴先杰 《资源科学》1993,15(4):18-25

徐连低山丘陵区光热水资源比较丰富，劳力充足，区位优越，但是目前土地利用不合理，水土流失较为严重。为了充分发挥该区的土地资源优势，搞好水土保持，保护生态环境，必须调整用地结构，扩大林地面积；建设一批稻麦、花生、研究、果品、用材料、牛、兔等商品生产基地，发展高产优质高效农业；同时加强工程措施，提高环境整治效益  相似文献   

The effect of use and access on citations     

Michael J. Kurtz  Guenther Eichhorn  Alberto Accomazzi  Carolyn Grant  Markus Demleitner  Edwin Henneken  Stephen S. Murray 《Information processing & management》2005,41(6):1395-1402

It has been shown (Lawrence, S. (2001). Online or invisible? Nature, 411, 521) that journal articles which have been posted without charge on the internet are more heavily cited than those which have not been. Using data from the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ads.harvard.edu) and from the ArXiv e-print archive at Cornell University (arXiv.org) we examine the causes of this effect.  相似文献   

科研经费的有效使用特征及其影响因素——基于扎根理论   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

李燕萍  郭玮  黄霞 《科学学研究》2009,27(11):1685-1691

随着我国科技创新战略和创新型国家建设战略的深入实施,提高科研经费的使用效率成为促进我国科技发展的关键。本文运用扎根理论,从我国科研经费管理和科研工作者的角度,通过对文献探讨和深度访谈获得的资料进行分析,明晰了科研经费有效使用的特征,识别了影响科研工作者有效使用科研经费的因素,从环境因素、科研工作者、科研经费投入与产出等方面构建了影响科研经费有效使用的"四因素"立体模型,提出了以科研经费制度、科研经费管理、科研成果评价、科研工作者学术责任等为核心的科研经费有效使用管理模式,对促进我国科研经费使用效率的提高具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

城乡交错区农地使用权市场的实证研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

贾生华  田传浩  陈宏辉 《中国软科学》2003,(2):124-127,118

利用山东牟平宁海镇、江苏海州洪门乡和浙江绍兴柯桥镇等三个乡镇的调查资料，剖析了城乡交错区农地使用权市场发育的现状和问题。分析结果表明，城乡交错区的农地使用权市场十分活跃，集体出让农地是农地使用权市场的主要供给方式，而农户之间的农地自发交易则存在着短期限、无正式契约等不规范的特征。农户对土地产权的不稳定预期和缺乏运行良好的市场中介机构阻碍了城乡交错区农地使用权市场的进一步发育。  相似文献