生长调节剂类物质对地膜旱作水稻灌浆速度及产量的影响     

杨安中  陈红霞 《安徽科技学院学报》2005,19(4):8-10

用三十烷醇、绿田丰、喷施宝、花蕾宝四种植物生长调节剂类物质于地膜旱作水稻始穗期进行喷施.结果表明:这四种物质均能提高地膜旱作水稻后期的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量,延缓叶片衰老,增加干物质积累,促进籽粒灌浆,从而提高产量.其中,喷施宝增产效果最显著,较对照增产达11.03%.  相似文献   

上海市郊稻田生态系统服务综合评价   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

肖玉  谢高地 《资源科学》2009,31(1):38-47

在田间实验的基础上,对上海五四农场稻田生态系统的初级产品生产、气体调节、氮素转化、有机质形成和累积、水调节和环境净化6项生态系统服务进行了评价。研究结果显示,稻田生态系统初级产品生产量及其价值随施氮量的增加而增加;稻田生态系统向大气释放O₂并吸收大气中的CO₂,稻田向大气排放CH₄和N₂O,其中施氮量为375 kgN/hm²（N3处理）的稻田生态系统气体调节价值量最高;稻田生态系统中施加化学氮肥是氮素输入的主要途径,水稻收获移出和氨挥发是氮素输出的主要途径,稻田生态系统氮素转化造成了经济损失;稻田有机质累积量及其价值随施氮量的增加而增加;水稻种植消耗了水资源,同时稻田在降雨时具有蓄水功能;稻田生态系统能吸收SO₂和净化污水。综合研究发现,研究区稻田在水稻生育期内提供的生态系统服务价值为（3.83~4.85）×10⁴元/hm²,其中N3处理稻田提供的生态服务价值最高,但是与未施加氮肥的N0处理相比并不具有明显优势。通过分析表明,施加氮肥带来的环境损失削弱了稻田生态系统服务给人类社会带来的效益。因此,应当鼓励水稻种植者采用缓释氮肥、改进施肥技术等提高氮肥利用效率的措施,以促进稻田生态系统服务的发挥,给人类社会带来更多福利。  相似文献   

浙江省近期农作物播种面积的变化及其主导因素分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈瑜琦  李秀彬  朱会义 《资源科学》2008,30(4):610-614

利用1978年～2005年农产品成本收益资料和农业统计资料,研究了浙江省稻谷和棉花播种面积变化情况,及其与纯收益相关性和对劳动力投入的弹性。结果表明：近年来浙江省农作物播种面积下降迅速,除耕地面积减少原因外,农业劳动力投入下降造成的耕地复种指数降低是主要原因;从播种面积和纯收益的相关性分析看出,稻谷播种面积受纯收益影响较小,棉花播种面积变化一定程度上受到纯收益影响,但影响程度不大;而稻谷与棉花播种面积对劳动力投入的敏感性较大,且弹性系数呈显著增高趋势,棉花由于耗工量较大,对劳动力投入逐渐由缺乏弹性过渡到富有弹性。文章认为,目前促进我国农业生产的关键是推进土地适度规模经营,在加速机械替补劳动力投入不足的同时,提高农业的劳动回报率。  相似文献   

~(14)C-同化物在农垦58A水稻小孢子的分配与花粉败育     

陈宏光  王永锐 《中山大学学报论丛》1989,(5)

长日诱导不育HPGMR植株,随着花粉的发育,~(14)C葡萄糖同化产期分配到幼穗中的比率,从花粉单核早期的37.38％,不断下降到花粉成熟期的4.96％。反之,在短日诱导的可育植株中,则从花粉单核晚期的7.58％,增加到花粉充盈期的40.58％。可以认为,HPGMR花粉发育后期~(14)C-葡萄糖向幼穗运转的障碍和光合同化产物减少,是花粉败育的重要原因,它导致长日下典败花粉的形成。  相似文献   

Estimation of vegetation biophysical parameters by remote sensing using radial basis function neural network     

YANG Xiao-hua HUANG Jing-feng WANG Jian-wen WANG Xiu-zhen LIU Zhan-yu 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(6):883-895

Hyperspectral reflectance (350~2500 nm) data were recorded at two different sites of rice in two experiment fields including two cultivars, and three levels of nitrogen (N) application. Twenty-five Vegetation Indices (VIs) were used to predict the rice agronomic parameters including Leaf Area Index (LAI, m2 green leaf/m2 soil) and Green Leaf Chlorophyll Density (GLCD, mg chlorophyll/m2 soil) by the traditional regression models and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF). RBF emerged as a variant of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in the late 1980’s. A large variety of training algorithms has been tested for training RBF networks. In this study, Original RBF (ORBF), Gradient Descent RBF (GDRBF), and Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) were employed. Results showed that green waveband Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVIgreen) and TCARI/OSAVI have the best prediction power for LAI by exponent model and ORBF respectively, and that TCARI/OSAVI has the best prediction power for GLCD by exponent model and GDRBF. The best performances of RBF are compared with the traditional models, showing that the relationship between VIs and agronomic variables are further improved when RBF is used. Compared with the best traditional models, ORBF using TCARI/OSAVI improves the prediction power for LAI by lowering the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for 0.1119, and GDRBF using TCARI/OSAVI improves the prediction power for GLCD by lowering the RMSE for 26.7853. It is concluded that RBF provides a useful exploratory and predictive tool when applied to the sensitive VIs.  相似文献   

Rice yield estimation using remote sensing and simulation model     

黄敬峰  唐蜀川  Ousama Abou-Ismail  王人潮 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2002,3(4):461-466

Remote sensing techniques have the potential to provide information on agricultural crops quantitatively, instantaneously and above all nondestructively over large areas. Crop simulation models describe the relationship between physiological processes in plants and environmental growing conditions. The integration between remote sensing data and crop growth simulation model is an important trend for yield estimation and prediction, since remote sensing can provide information on the actual status of the agricultural crop. In this study, a new model (Rice-SRS) was developed based mainly on ORYZA1 model and modified to accept remote sensing data as input from different sources. The model can accept three kinds of NDVI data: NOAA AVHRR(LAC)-NDVI, NOAA AVHRR(GAC)-NDVI and radiometric measurements-NDVI. The integration between NOAA AVHRR (LAC) data and simulation model as applied to Rice-SRS resulted in accurate estimates for rice yield in the Shaoxing area, reduced the estimating error to 1.027%, 0.794% and (−0.787%) for early, single, and late season respectively. Utilizing NDVI data derived from NOAA AVHRR (GAC) as input in Rice-SRS can yield good estimation for rice yield with the average error (−7.43%). Testing the new model for radiometric measurements showed that the average estimation error for 10 varieties under early rice conditions was less than 1%. Project supported by the National Defense Scientific and Technological Committee of China(No. Y97#14-6-2)  相似文献   

Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)     

Alam?M.?F.?Email author  Khan?M.?R.  Nuruzzaman?M.  Parvez?S.  Swaraz?A.?M.  Alam?I.  Ahsan?N. 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(4):406-411

The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height. days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering, panicle length, flag leaf length. days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill, grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents. Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R, 27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F₂ progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties. Project supported by the Foundation of Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology, People's Republic of Bangladesh  相似文献   

水稻耐冷机理的研究进展   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

王国莉  郭振飞 《惠州学院学报》2004,24(3):8-12

本文就近年来水稻耐冷机理的研究进展展开综述。内容包括:植物的冷敏感性可以通过调节膜脂的不饱和脂肪酸水平得到调控;水稻的抗氧化酶系统活性与其耐冷性有关;水稻低温信号转导的研究不断深入;低温下水稻碳同化酶活性的变化与水稻光合能力和耐冷性关系密切.  相似文献   

营养黑米饼干的研制     

柯贤琦 《陕西理工学院学报(社会科学版)》1994,(Z1)

黑米经膨化、糖化、过滤,可得紫黑色糖化液,添加面粉等物,即能制出光亮细腻、口感香脆、富锌健脑的饼干——黑米饼干。  相似文献   

In situ hyperspectral data analysis for pigment content estimation of rice leaves   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

程乾  黄敬峰  王秀珍  王人潮 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2003,(6)

INTRODUCTIONPigmentsarecloselyrelatedtothephysiolog icalfunctionofleaves.Chlorophyllsabsorblightenergyandtransferitintothephotosyntheticpro cess.Carotenoids (yellowpigments)canalsocontributeenergytothephotosyntheticsystem .Becauseoftheimportanceofpigments…  相似文献