水稻施用治酸型土壤调理剂试验初报     

魏之茂  陈金洪  高敏 《大众科技》2014,(5):114-115

化肥的不合理施用,对土壤、水资源大气等农业生态环境和农产品质造成潜在的负面影响,成为我国农村面源污染的主要诱因之一。通过在广西天等县利用治酸型土壤调理剂对水稻施用的对比试验,水稻的生长发育及经济性状表现良好,增产增收效果明显。  相似文献   

京剧《陈州粜米》与原元杂剧剧本的比较     

刘新文  宋武 《唐山学院学报》2013,(5):54-57

京剧《陈州粜米》是根据元杂剧同名剧本改编的。文章对京剧《陈州粜米》与原元杂剧剧本在剧情、结构、人物等方面的相同与不同之处进行比较,并探讨两者的利弊得失。  相似文献   

Simultaneous removal of cadmium and sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solution by rice straw biochar     

Xuan HAN  Cheng-feng LIANG  Ting-qiang LI  Kai WANG  Hua-gang HUANG  Xiao-e YANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(7):640-649

The simultaneous sorption behavior and characteristics of cadmium (Cd) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on rice straw biochar were investigated. Isotherms of Cd and SMX were well modeled by the Langmuir equation (R2 >0.95). The calculated maximum adsorption parameter (Q) of Cd was similar in single and binary systems (34129.69 and 35919.54 mg/kg, respectively). However, the Q of SMX in a binary system (9182.74 mg/kg) was much higher than that in a single system (1827.82 mg/kg). The presence of Cd significantly promoted the sorption of SMX on rice straw biochar. When the pH ranged from 3 to 7.5, the sorption of Cd had the characteristics of a parabola pattern with maximum adsorption at pH 5, while the adsorption quantity of SMX decreased with increasing pH, with maximum adsorption at pH 3. The amount of SMX adsorbed on biochar was positively correlated with the surface area of the biochar, and the maximum adsorption occurred with d 250 biochar (biochar with a diameter of 150-250 μm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the removal of Cd and SMX by rice straw biochar may be attributed to precipitation and the formation of surface complexes between Cd or SMX and carboxyl or hydroxyl groups. The results of this study indicate that rice straw biochar has the potential for simultaneous removal of Cd and SMX from co-contaminated water.  相似文献   

江苏省水稻产量对气候变化的敏感性研究——基于县级和站点尺度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱珠  陶福禄  娄运生  史文娇 《资源科学》2013,35(5):1035-1043

利用1980年-2008年江苏省县级农业统计资料和农业气象站水稻生产观测资料,在县级和站点两个尺度,采用多元统计方法定量揭示江苏省水稻生产对气候变化的敏感性.研究表明,基于县级和站点两个尺度,水稻全生育期内,气温(包括最低气温、最高气温、平均气温)呈显著增长趋势,并且最低气温的增长趋势高于最高气温的增长趋势,苏南地区的增长趋势高于苏北地区的增长趋势;降水量的变化趋势并不显著;辐射在苏北地区呈显著减少趋势而在苏南地区的变化趋势并不明显.大部分地区,水稻产量与最高气温、平均气温及辐射的正相关性较显著,与最低气温的相关性并不明显,而与降水量则呈负相关,相关性分析的结果在县级和站点两个尺度上较为一致.基于县级和站点两个尺度着重分析平均温度和降水量的变化趋势对产量的影响,发现江苏省平均气温变化趋势对产量影响约为0.77％,而对产量趋势的贡献约为0.21.降水量变化趋势对产量影响约为0.09％,而对产量趋势的贡献约为0.03.平均气温的增长趋势及降水量的变化趋势总体上有利于江苏省水稻的生产.  相似文献   

The relation between research priorities and societal demands: The case of rice     

Tommaso Ciarli  Ismael Ràfols 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):949-967

To what extent is scientific research related to societal needs? To answer this crucial question systematically we need to contrast indicators of research priorities with indicators of societal needs. We focus on rice research and technology between 1983 and 2012. We combine quantitative methods that allow investigation of the relation between ‘revealed’ research priorities and ‘revealed’ societal demands, measured respectively by research output (publications) and national accounts of rice use and farmers’ and consumers’ rice-related needs. We employ new bibliometric data, methods and indicators to identify countries’ main rice research topics (priorities) from publications. For a panel of countries, we estimate the relation between revealed research priorities and revealed demands. We find that, across countries and time, societal demands explain a country's research trajectory to a limited extent. Some research priorities are nicely aligned to societal demands, confirming that science is partly related to societal needs. However, we find a relevant number of misalignments between the focus of rice research and revealed demands, crucially related to human consumption and nutrition. We discuss some implications for research policy.  相似文献   

微波消解-冷原子吸收法测定大米中汞的不确定度评定     

《科学文化评论》2007,24(6):1138-1144

  相似文献   

Characterizing and estimating rice brown spot disease severity using stepwise regression,principal component regression and partial least-square regression   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Liu ZY  Huang JF  Shi JJ  Tao RX  Zhou W  Zhang LL 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(10):738-744

Detecting plant health conditions plays a key role in farm pest management and crop protection. In this study, measurement of hyperspectral leaf reflectance in rice crop (Oryzasativa L.) was conducted on groups of healthy and infected leaves by the fungus Bipolaris oryzae (Helminthosporium oryzae Breda. de Hann) through the wavelength range from 350 to 2 500 nm. The percentage of leaf surface lesions was estimated and defined as the disease severity. Statistical methods like multiple stepwise regression, principal component analysis and partial least-square regression were utilized to calculate and estimate the disease severity of rice brown spot at the leaf level. Our results revealed that multiple stepwise linear regressions could efficiently estimate disease severity with three wavebands in seven steps. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) for training (n=210) and testing (n=53) dataset were 6.5% and 5.8%, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the first principal component could explain approximately 80% of the variance of the original hyperspectral reflectance. The regression model with the first two principal components predicted a disease severity with RMSEs of 16.3% and 13.9% for the training and testing dataset, respec-tively. Partial least-square regression with seven extracted factors could most effectively predict disease severity compared with other statistical methods with RMSEs of 4.1% and 2.0% for the training and testing dataset, respectively. Our research demon-strates that it is feasible to estimate the disease severity of rice brown spot using hyperspectral reflectance data at the leaf level.  相似文献   

莱斯联盟经验对黄河三角洲高效生态经济发展的启示   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

安德鲁·R·巴伦  李军 《滨州学院学报》2011,27(1):29-31

美国的休斯敦与中国山东的滨州市在城市规模、自然资源、人才资源上都有相似性,休斯敦城市发展的经验应该对滨州市的发展有一定启示意义。休斯敦的发展主要得力于高新技术的科研与开发,对此作出突出贡献的是莱斯大学成立的莱斯联盟。莱斯联盟在提供科研创新人才、帮助公司创业及开拓融资渠道方面都有许多可资借鉴的经验,或许可对滨州市的经济发展,有一定的启示。  相似文献   

番村禾花宝诞及其社会功能     

吴利华 《铜仁学院学报》2011,13(2):115-119

禾花宝诞作为番村的一种民俗活动,虽然是旧时封建社会人民崇尚自然、敬畏鬼神的一种产物,但从其仪式过程来看,也具有很多符合大众心理的社会功能。这些社会功能为研究番村的历史文化、手工艺、民间民俗提供了依据。  相似文献   

Effects of pre-harvest chemical application on rice desiccation and seed quality     

Yong-qi HE  Jin-ping CHENG  Liang-feng LIU  Xiao-dan LI  Bin YANG  Hong-sheng ZHANG  Zhou-fei WANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(10):813-823

Pre-harvest desiccation may increase the efficiency of seed production. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of diquat, paraquat, and ethephon applications on grain moisture, grain weight, and seed germination of hybrid rice Yanliangyou 88 (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) and conventional rice Wuyunjing 7 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica). In 2013, we tested 12 treatments applied at four weeks (Yanliangyou 88) and six weeks (Wuyunjing 7) after heading. Results showed that reductions in moisture content were significant two and four days after chemical application. Chemical applications had no adverse effects on 1000-grain weight, germination percentage, or germination index, but there were negative effects on the percentage of normal seedlings. Desiccation effects increased with increase in the period after application, while the effect of ethephon combined with diquat or paraquat on desiccation was limited compared with that of diquat or paraquat alone in a short period after application. In 2013, chemical applications reduced the moisture content by from 0.5% to 6.4%, the germination percentage by from 0% to 3.3%, and the percentage of normal seedlings by from 13.3% to 100.0%. Among the treatments, diquat applied at 120 g/ha resulted in effective desiccation with fewer negative effects on grain weight and seed germination in 2013 and 2014. Therefore, diquat may have potential as a pre-harvest chemical desiccation treatment for rice. These results may provide a basis for developing and implementing protocols for large scale field trials.  相似文献