Visual function,performance, and processing of basketball players vs. sedentary individuals     

Jesús Vera  Raimundo Jimnez  David Crdenas  Beatriz Redondo  Jos Antonio García 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):587-594

BackgroundAthletes tend to have better visuo-motor performance than do sedentary individuals. However, several basic visual-function and perceptual parameters remain unexplored to date. In this study, we investigated whether differences exist in visual function, performance, and processing between basketball players and individuals without a sport-involvement background.MethodsA total of 33 healthy men with no visual impairment or pathology were divided into 2 groups, depending on the involvement in sport (semi-professional basketball players and sedentary individuals). We tested their baseline heart-rate variability in the resting position apart from subjective questionnaires to determine their physical fitness level, and we checked their visual function, performance, and processing through an extended battery of optometric tests.ResultsThe 2 groups differed in resting heart-rate variability parameters (p < 0.001), confirming their dissimilarities in regular time practising sports per week. The basketball players showed a closer breakpoint and recovery nearpoint of convergence, a higher fusional-vergence rate, better discriminability halos, and better eye–hand coordination (all p values < 0.05).ConclusionThese results show evidence that athletes, basketball players in this case, exhibit better performance in several visual abilities in comparison to a group of individuals without sporting backgrounds, suggesting an improvement due to the systematic involvement of those skills during basketball practice.  相似文献   

Health-related fitness knowledge growth in middle school years: Individual- and school-level correlates     

Xihe Zhu  Justin A. Haegele  Haichun Sun 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):664-669

BackgroundHealth-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) has been an essential concept for many health and physical education programs. There has been limited understanding and longitudinal investigation on HRFK growth. This longitudinal study examined HRFK growth and its individual- and school-level correlates in middle school years under 1 curriculum condition: Five for Life.MethodsParticipants were 12,044 students from 47 middle schools. Data were collected at both individual/participant and school/institution levels. Individual-level variables included gender, grade, and HRFK test scores. School-level variables included percentage of students receiving free and reduced meals (FARM), student-to-faculty ratio for physical education, and school academic performance (SAP). We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine HRFK 3-year growth in relation to individual- and school-level correlates.ResultsThe average HRFK score at 6th grade for females was 42.81% ± 1.32%. The predicted HRFK growth was 17.06% ± 1.02% per year, holding other factors constant. A 1-standard deviation increase in FARM correlated with a 14.68%-point decrease in predicted test score (p = 0.02). A 1-standard deviation increase in SAP was associated with an 11.90%-point increase in HRFK score. Males had a significantly lower growth rate than females during the middle school years (0.78%/year, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe result showed that both individual- and school-level variables such as gender, FARM, and SAP influenced HRFK growth. Educators should heed gender differences in growth curves and recognize the correlates of school-level variables.  相似文献   

全民健身背景下马拉松项目的发展现状分析     

张曼  路佳  张雅飞 《当代体育科技》2020,(10):194-195

近年来,我国马拉松项目在快速的发展,各城市都在积极举办马拉松项目,促进体育消费的增长,推动全民健身的热潮,有利于城市经济转型发展。但是,马拉松项目的发展存在一些问题,如群众基础差、专业化程度低、宣传力度不够等。本文基于全面健身背景下,探讨分析马拉松项目的发展现状。  相似文献   

高校思政“金课”建设的教学探索——以“伟大民族精神”课程为例     

华玲 《重庆电子工程职业学院学报》2020,(1):118-123

在新时代背景下,“金课”概念和标准的提出为高校思想政治理论课改革创新提供了新的契机,建设思政“金课”势在必行。“伟大民族精神”是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要内容之一,也是高校思想政治理论课的重要教学内容。基于“金课”建设的标准,以“伟大民族精神”内容教学的视角,着力探讨高校思政“金课”建设之道,提高思政课教育教学的实效性。  相似文献   

新时代背景下武术与民族传统体育专业教育招生改革路径研究*     

次春雷 《广州体育学院学报》2019,(4):115-119

当前，学校体育改革进入破解新旧问题的攻坚期，仍需采用不同视角及理论对学校体育政策执行中的“跨域”现象予以新认识，发现新问题，提出新对策。研究从“条块关系”视角入手，运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法，对学校体育政策执行中的“条块关系”特征（“条条”嵌入、“块块”统筹和“条块”整体）及问题（“条条”冲突、“块块”封闭和“条块”分割）进行解析，并结合整体性治理理念，提出重塑公共理念、加强制度建设、强化责任意识、培育信息共享和树立利益意识等对策，以期纾解“条块”问题，改善执行基础。  相似文献   

科技人力资本视角下杰青科学家资助年龄对资助效果的影响——以杰青基金地球科学项目为例     

田人合  郑军卫  张志强  于洁  杨芳娟 《图书情报工作》2019,63(22):91-105

[目的/意义] 杰青基金实施25年来，资助者年龄呈大龄化趋势发展，深入分析该现象对完成杰青基金的影响，对未来杰青基金管理具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 研究以1994-2018年杰青基金地球科学项目为研究对象，构建科研论文产出效率、创新能力和学术影响力三个评价指标，提出"科技人力资本投入-科研产出"理论模型及假设，采用DID模型克服样本选择性偏误所导致的内生性问题，验证理论假设，实现对杰青基金资助年龄异质性的研究。[结果/结论] 实证结果表明：杰青科学家大龄化趋势日趋严重，存在明显的45岁现象；杰青基金实施20年中，支持"资助年龄越大，资助效应越好"假设的比例较低；三个评价指标维度，资助效应最大且资助年龄在39-42岁之间的年份在杰青基金实施20年中所占比例最大。因此，无论从杰青基金设立宗旨、还是从评估结果来看，都应该避免杰青科学家大龄化趋势，扩大对中低龄优秀青年人才的资助。  相似文献   

Understandings of national identity and outgroup attitudes in culturally diverse Mauritius     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2020

This study investigated understandings of national group belonging in relation to attitudes toward foreign and established outgroups in Mauritius. Representative data were collected among the three numerically largest ethno-cultural groups (Hindus, Muslims, and Creoles; N_total = 1770) and results confirmed a distinction between “being,” “doing,” and “feeling” Mauritian among all three groups, with some small differences for Creoles compared to Hindus and Muslims. Furthermore, “being” Mauritian was not significantly related to attitudes toward established and foreign outgroups. In contrast, the “doing” understanding was negatively associated with both attitudes, and the “feeling” understanding showed positive associations with both outgroup attitudes among all three participant groups. The findings make a novel contribution to the literature on how people understand national identity, how these understandings differ between ethno-cultural groups within a nation, and how these relate to attitudes toward foreign as well as established outgroups.  相似文献   

民国时期南京国民政府推行武术教育工作机制及启示     

刘帅兵  支川 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2021,35(3):83-91

教育是国家高质量发展的基石，国家是教育事业的推行者。国家对武术教育发展具有最宏观、 最基本的调控，社会力量群策群力的柔性参与，能与之达到刚柔相济、琴瑟共鸣之效果。民国时期南京国民政府在推行武术教育工作中，契合了当时的政治、教育、文化等因素，同时也获得了政治、教育、文化的时代动因。在特定的时代、文化、权力、环境中，南京国民政府、社会精英、社会组织三者相辅相成形成联动机制，在推行武术教育中发挥着协同作用。给予新时代推行武术教育的启示：推行武术教育应契合政治、教育、文化等时代动因；强化学校武术与民间武术的联动；构建政府主导、社会力量参与的新局面。 以期形成全社会共同参与的武术教育治理新格局。  相似文献   

国立国术体育师范专科学校的产生、发展及启示     

刘帅兵  赵光圣 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(2):87-94

国立国术体育师范专科学校基于中西方文化冲突下的文化自觉而产生与发展,受政治、教育、文化等因素影响,引进西方自然主义体育,推崇本土国粹武术,注重军事训练,在发展过程中秉承培育师资和沟通中西方体育的办学目的,形成了完整的学校行政组织,以及课程设置、师资聘用、学生管理等制度,并通过访问和比赛提升社会影响力。对当代学校武术教育的启示体现为:学校武术教育应坚守社会责任担当,为社会培养所需的人才;强化武术文化认同,增强民族文化自信,规避对西方体育文化的依附和模仿;推行多元教育形式联动机制,维系武术教化的过程性。  相似文献   

面向区域创新与产业发展的信息服务实践研究——以中国科学院文献情报中心区域信息服务为例     

贾苹  闫亚飞  郭文姣  刘细文  张超  彭皓  杨雨寒  赵婉雨 《图书情报工作》2021,64(24):24-31

[目的/意义] 随着自主创新战略的提出，科技信息和科技情报在国家科技发展中的基础性作用日益受到重视，开展区域创新和经济发展的信息服务研究与实践，构建面向区域创新和经济发展的信息服务方法体系、实施方案，是十分必要的。[方法/过程] 通过对国内外文献情报机构服务区域创新和经济发展的实践调研，以及中国科学院文献情报中心在"十二五"和"十三五"期间面向省级科学院、中国科学院转化中心、地方政府、园区企业开展区域信息服务的整体设计和服务实践与案例分析，总结归纳中国科学院文献情报中心开展区域创新和经济发展知识服务的特色和成效。[结果/结论] 在实践的基础上提出图书馆面向区域创新和产业发展提供信息服务，进一步拓展了图书馆的服务领域，是图书馆发展的一个生长点，并将在服务内容与服务方式上不断发展完善。  相似文献