Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are considered the next powerful potential generation energy storage system because of substantial potassium resource availability and similar characteristics with lithium. Unfortunately, the actual application of KIBs is inferior to that of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), in which the finite energy density, ordinary circular life, and underdeveloped fabrication technique dominate the key constraints. Various works have recently been directed to growing novel anode electrodes with superior electrochemical capability. Noticeably, metals/metal oxides materials (e.g., Sb, Sn, Zn, SnO2, and MoO2) have been widely investigated as KIBs anodes because of high theoretical capacity, suggesting outstanding promise for high-energy KIBs. In this review, the latest research of metals/metal oxides electrodes for potassium storage is summarized. The major strategies to control the electrochemical property of metals/metal oxides electrodes are discussed. Finally, the future investigation foreground for these anode electrodes has been proposed.
Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES. 相似文献