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1.
Alessandra Arce Hai Frank Simon Marc Depaepe 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2015,51(6):744-767
This article seeks to analyse, comprehend and apprehend the appropriation processes of Ovide Decroly’s ideas in Brazil through the translation of his books and that of Amélie Hamaïde into Portuguese. The article discusses the following questions. Why did Brazilian intellectuals and teachers need to import Decroly’s ideas to be applied in Brazilian schools? Did the translation of Decroly’s and Hamaïde’s books play an innovative role in Brazilian society? Did the release of these books bring about changes, and did it stabilise and legitimise discourses that were already present in Brazil? Who were the translation agents of those books? First, discussions concerning travelling knowledge and cultural translation, as well as translation and the role of translation agents, are introduced. The translated books and their (production) contexts are then presented, comparing and analysing the source books and the translations. The analyses aim at understanding this journey and answering these questions, and it will be shown that Decroly’s ideas were torn apart into “pieces of knowledge” gaining life and autonomy throughout the journey, and turning into facts. It is advocated that his ideas were appropriated as “indigenous foreigners” in Brazil. 相似文献
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Integrating knowledge across a firm's value chain (e.g. between R&D, marketing and manufacturing functions), which we denote “Knowledge Integration” (KI), has been consistently found to be a strong predictor of product innovation performance in the management literature. Such cross-functional integration does not occur by chance, but by design, as a result of managerial practices and organizational arrangements. The significant heterogeneity characterizing the diffusion of cross-functional integration across firms is suggestive of the well-known tension between internal and external diffusion of knowledge. In this paper, we argue that the hidden cost of KI is to expose firms to a higher risk of knowledge leakages and provide the first systematic empirical evidence of this apparent tension between internal and external knowledge flows. Based on data from the CMU Survey (one of the rare datasets offering observables on both sides of the tension for a representative set of R&D active firms in the US), we investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers to competitors on internal cross-functional knowledge integration involving the R&D function among manufacturing firms. We find that the intensity of (tacit) R&D knowledge spillovers at the industry-level has a negative and significant impact on the likelihood that firms adopt or achieve KI. Our results therefore suggest that firms may trade their optimal innovative performance against superior appropriability of their rents. 相似文献
3.
Ruth Tsuria Aya Yadlin-Segal Alessandra Vitullo Heidi A. Campbell 《The Communication Review》2017,20(2):73-97
This article reviews digital methodologies in the context of digital religion. We offer a tripod model for approaching digital methods: (a) defining research within digital environments, (b) the utilization of digital tools, and (c) applying unique digital frames. Through a critical review of multiple research projects, we explore three dominant research methods employed within the study of digital religion, namely, the use of textual analysis, interviews, and ethnography. Thus, we highlight the opportunities and challenges of using digital methods. 相似文献
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Executive functions (EF) can be promoted by classroom interventions. Our study investigated whether (a) an intervention conducted by teachers improves EF in children; (b) there are effects on behaviour and academic achievement; and (c) there are stable benefits in a one-year follow-up. Fifty-eight first-graders, divided into experimental (EG = 28) and control (CG = 30) groups, were assessed in EF, reading and arithmetic tests. Parents and teachers answered EF and behaviour functional scales. The intervention was conducted by teachers in the classroom context. EG children showed greater gains in EF and outperformed controls on reading and arithmetic measures. The EG maintained better performance in the one-year follow-up and showed transfer effect for behaviour measures. The EF intervention may be a useful tool for promoting improved adjustment and academic achievement. 相似文献
6.
Stefano Taddei Bastianina Contena Alessandro Pepe Eva Venturini 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2019,63(2):272-284
Teacher burnout is a growing phenomenon that may dramatically reduce the quality of life of both teachers and students. Many studies have conceptualized teaching as a high-contact profession and, focusing on the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout, they have highlighted the relation with students as a key dimension of teachers’ stress. This paper presents an original instrument (TSS-Sr) to measure teachers’ stress related to the interaction with their pupils. It provides the psychometric characteristic of this scale. Results support a model of measurement of teacher social stress based on four dimensions: verbal aggression, dislike students, awkward reactions, demanding requests. Implications about the use and the applications of this instrument are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Harris argues that peer relationships are the chief determinants of personality development. Harris's thesis makes the behavioral genetic investigation of peer groups particularly timely. The present study examined genetic and environmental contribution to self-reported peer-group characteristics in two samples of adolescent siblings: 180 adoptive and nonadoptive sibling pairs from the Colorado Adoption Project, and 386 sibling pairs from the Nonshared Environment and Adolescent Development Study. Substantial genetic influence emerged for college orientation, with the remaining variance accounted for by nonshared environment. For delinquency, however, the majority of the variance was explained by nonshared environment. Although genetic influence was implicated for peer popularity in twin analyses, genetic factors were not important in explaining individual differences in nontwin siblings. These results suggest that although some dimensions of peers are somewhat mediated by genetic factors, nonshared environmental influence is substantial. 相似文献
8.
Two experiments evaluated history effects on induced and operant variability. College students typed three-digit sequences
on a computer keyboard. Sequence variability was induced (by no reinforcement or variation- independent reinforcement) or
reinforced (by variation- or repetition-dependent reinforcement). Conditions with induced and operant variability were presented
according to a reverse between-groups design. In Experiment 1, we examined transitions from the variation or repetition contingencies
to no reinforcement, and vice versa. In Experiment 2, the variation or repetition contingencies were followed or preceded
by variation-independent reinforcement. The results showed that (1) a history of no reinforcement impaired operant variability
learning; (2) induced variability levels were higher and lower after a history of reinforcement for variation and repetition,
respectively; (3) repetition was more easily disrupted by no reinforcement and independent reinforcement than was variation;
and (4) response variability and stability were a function of past and current reinforcement conditions. These results indicate
that reinforcement history influences both induced and operant variability levels. 相似文献
9.
Elena Seminati Alessandra Marzari Oreste Vacondio Alberto E. Minetti 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):216-231
Repetitive stresses and movements on the shoulder in the volleyball spike expose this joint to overuse injuries, bringing athletes to a career threatening injury. Assuming that specific spike techniques play an important role in injury risk, we compared the kinematic of the traditional (TT) and the alternative (AT) techniques in 21 elite athletes, evaluating their safety with respect to performance. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere, intersected by the distal end of the humerus at different angles. Shoulder range of motion and angular velocities were calculated and compared to the joint limits. Ball speed and jump height were also assessed. Results indicated the trajectory of the humerus to be different for the TT, with maximal flexion of the shoulder reduced by 10 degrees, and horizontal abduction 15 degrees higher. No difference was found for external rotation angles, while axial rotation velocities were significantly higher in AT, with a 5% higher ball speed. Results suggest AT as a potential preventive solution to shoulder chronic pathologies, reducing shoulder flexion during spiking. The proposed method allows visualisation of risks associated with different overhead manoeuvres, by depicting humerus angles and velocities with respect to joint limits in the same 3D space. 相似文献
10.
Alessandra Minello 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2013,23(2):127-147
This paper aims to investigate to what extent the growing presence of children with immigrant background in the Italian school system has an impact on the educational expectations of Italian students in eighth grade. Educational expectations are individuals’ plans for their future educational career, adjusted to the subjectively estimated probabilities of achieving a given outcome. Multilevel analyses are performed using data from ITAGEN2 (Italian Second Generation) survey, the first nationwide survey on natives, first- and second-generation immigrants. Results demonstrate that attending a school with a high proportion of children of immigrants has no impact on realistic expectations about secondary education. In addition, students attending schools with high level of interethnic integration are more prone to having high educational expectations. 相似文献