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1.
Oded Bar-Or Linda Houtkooper Susan Barr Anita Rivera-Brown Michael Bergeron Tom Rowland Ruth Carey Suzanne Steen Priscilla Clarkson 《体育科学》2001,21(5):89-93
1. 儿童青少年运动员应该食用多样化的食物，其中，蛋白质应占膳食总能量的12％-15％，碳水化合物至少占55％，而脂肪至多占30％。日常生活中如何吃才能满足这些要求呢？膳食指南宝塔提供了一条可行之道。2.有些营养素对热爱运动的儿童青少年运动员非常重要，要保证摄入充足，这些营养素是碳水化合物（包括纤维素）、维生素B6、维生素D、铁、钙、镁、锌、铬。科学合理、包罗各类食物的平衡膳食，对青少年运动员最大程度地全面摄取各种营养素，满足生长发育和运动训练的需要，是非常必要的。3.鼓励儿童青少年运动员在运动训练前、中、后进行补液，以避免脱水的发生。4.如果膳食合理平衡，就没必要额外补充营养品。 相似文献
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Information asymmetry and information sharing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gavin Clarkson Trond E. Jacobsen Archer L. Batcheller 《Government Information Quarterly》2007,24(4):827
Although much digital divide research focuses on access to technology, another cause of the divide is the lack of information awareness that we call information asymmetry. Information asymmetry often stems from inadequate information sharing and can result in negative consequences for both the information poor and the information rich. Information asymmetry has been insufficiently studied as a possible cause of underdevelopment and inequality. In response, we develop a typology to classify information asymmetry into two categories, horizontal and vertical, and then identify those information sharing practices that cause the imbalance. To illustrate the negative consequences of information asymmetry and the potential benefits of information sharing, we discuss two examples from the experiences of modern American Indian tribes. First, Indian tribes face horizontal information asymmetry when they attempt to access the capital markets, and second, they face vertical information asymmetry in terms of law enforcement data sharing. This article also describes our ongoing examination of horizontal information sharing among tribes and vertical information sharing between tribes and others sovereigns in the American polity as possible solutions to the problems created by information asymmetry. These strategic responses are embodied in two information systems, the Tribal Financial Information Clearinghouse and an Intergovernmental Tracking System for sharing law enforcement data. We conclude with a discussion of how our typology can be more generally applied to other instances of information asymmetry. 相似文献
4.
It has previously been shown that females incur less muscle damage than males after strenuous exercise, but limited data are available for humans. To determine possible differences between the sexes in humans, the response to high-force eccentric exercise was examined in a large sample of women (n = 83) and men (n = 82). The participants performed a bout of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors consisting of 70 maximal repetitions. Isometric strength, resting elbow angle and muscle soreness were measured before, immediately after (except soreness) and then daily for 7 days after exercise. There was a significant loss in strength among both groups (69% for women and 63% for men) (P < 0.01) immediately after exercise; at 168 h post-exercise, women still had a 27% strength loss and men had a 24% strength loss. No significant difference in strength loss or recovery rate was found between men and women. Soreness reached peak values 32-48 h post-exercise (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between men and women. Range of motion decreased significantly until 3 days after exercise (14.6 degrees or 0.255 rad loss for women; 12.2 degrees or 0.213 rad loss for men) (P < 0.01); at 168 h post-exercise, the women and men still showed a loss of 4.8 degrees (0.084 rad) and 4.0 degrees (0.07 rad), respectively. There was a significant interaction of sex x time (P < 0.01); a post-hoc test indicated that the women experienced a greater loss in range of motion at 72 h than men and this difference was maintained to 168 h post-exercise (P < 0.01). Thus, our results do not support the contention that women have a lower response to eccentric exercise than men. 相似文献
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S M Monaghan R J Gilmore R C Muir J E Clarkson T J Crooks T G Egan 《Child abuse & neglect》1986,10(3):369-375
This research revealed in Stage I the ability to identify during the prenatal period women at risk for possible child abuse and in Stage II an intervention program which when introduced resulted in fewer high-risk mothers relinquishing the care of their infants. The research had two main aims: to use the data from Stages I and II to reassess the criteria for identifying "at risk" mothers, and to develop a brief, easily administered screening questionnaire which could be standardized for widespread prenatal use; and to collect data on a random sample of prenatal patients, to use these data for confirming the validity and stability of the screening procedures, and to estimate the incidence of potentially high-risk mothers in an urban population. 相似文献
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The mathematics education community has shown considerable awareness of the international status of their discipline. While
internationalization of the discipline is not a new phenomenon, globalization is a relatively recent term in educational discourse.
This paper presents a theoretical model towards the study of globalization and internationalization in mathematics education
based on previous publication by the authors. Secondly, it identifies some key issues that have been discussed in the literature
and that may require further discussion and research in the field. In particular it discusses the issue of similarity of mathematics
education curricula around the world. The concept of a global curriculum is rejected in favor for more internationalized approach
to curriculum reform based on collaboration between mathematics educators. 相似文献
7.
William C. Byrnes Priscilla M. Clarkson Frank I. Katch 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):283-285
The present study reported on translating the Exercise Identity Scale (EIS: Anderson &; Cychosz, 1994) into Greek and examining its psychometric properties and cross-cultural validity based on U.S. individuals' EIS responses. Using four samples comprising 33, 103, and 647 Greek individuals, including exercisers and nonexercisers, and a similar sample comprising 800 U.S. individuals, the concurrent validity, factor structure, internal reliability, test-retest reliability, external validity, gender invariance, and cross-cultural validity of the EIS responses were examined using confirmatory factor analytical procedures. The results supported the concurrent validity, an adequate unidimensional factor structure for the translated EIS and the internal reliability and test-retest reliability over a 6-week interval. Further, cross-gender configural, partial metric, partial strong factorial, and partial strict factorial invariance and cross-cultural configural and partial metric invariance supported the cross-cultural equivalence of the EIS versions. Moreover, the external validity of the translated EIS responses was also supported. Overall, the findings supported the validity of the exercise identity construct outside North American boundaries and the EIS items' equivalence, providing initial evidence for its cross-cultural applicability. 相似文献
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为什么运动员常常不在运动中补充足够的液体?如何弥补? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
(1)运动员在运动中因出汗丢失大量体液而补液不足的现象屡见不鲜，这就是所谓的“自愿脱水”，对运动员的身体健康和运动能力带来严重影响。(2)运动员补液不充分有诸多原因，包括：用饮料湿润口腔而造成的生理性渴感抑制，液体引起胃部不适，运动中不易取得饮料，饮料质量欠佳，以及缺乏对运动中补液必要性的认识，等等。(3)发生脱水后，年龄较大的运动员往往比年轻的队员补液少。(4)通过补液指导和训练，运动员能够做到在运动的前、中、后较充分地补液。(5)增进饮品的口感，可使运动中液体的补充量奇迹般增加。(6)运动员大多选择冷饮料，而选择热饮料的较少。饮品的温度对中心体温的影响一般不大。 相似文献
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Philip C. Clarkson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1992,23(4):417-429
It is argued that bilingual students should not be categorized as a unidimensional group. Their level of competence in each language is important if academic activity is considered. As an example of this, results from the present study indicate that Papua New Guinea bilingual students competent in both their languages scored significantly higher on two different types of mathematical tests compared to collegues who had low competence in their languages. Further, there was some indication that bilingual students competent in both languages performed better than monolingual students, even though the monolingual students attended schools that had many more teaching resources. Such results were seen as support for the new Papua New Guinea govemment policy of using students' original languages in school. The use of the students' original languages may also open the way for easier access to traditional mathematical concepts in classrooms. 相似文献
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Jean Clarkson 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):319-331
Background: In the last decade, much research attention has been paid to notions of leadership and the professional identity of school. It is widely agreed that school principals play a very important role in school improvement; international reports point to ‘school leadership’ as a key factor in education quality, and recent studies suggest that the leadership identity of principals is critical for achieving effective leadership in schools worldwide.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a thematic exploration of the literature relating to school principals and leadership identity.Design and methods: A scoping review was carried out. Two major databases were searched for papers published on this topic in the last decade. Once we had established an overview of research on this subject, we conducted a thematic analysis to identify the topical focus of research.Results: We found that the literature reflected an increasing and intensified interest in the topic of school leadership as the decade progressed. Furthermore, a range of emerging subtopics was identified. These included the relationship between school culture and professional identity in school principals; the influence of ethical and personal factors on the professional development of principals; the dilemmas of balancing education policies and personal experiences; and the relationships between gender identity, racial identity, professional experience/career, training and leadership identity.Conclusions: Several key issues emerged from the studies included in this review, such as the importance of external and internal influences in the construction of the professional identity of school principals. Some of the research suggested that school leaders felt the need to develop a new professional identity. Overall, the study indicates that school leadership and its relationship with school improvement should remain an important focus for educational research investigation. 相似文献