The curriculum reforms of the 1990s: What has changed?     

Aya Yoshida 《Higher Education》2002,43(1):43-63

This article examinescurriculum reform after the 1991 revision ofthe Standards of Establishing Universitieswhich abolished the distinction between generaland specialized education. General educationdivisions were abolished and integrated intospecialized education divisions. This revisionresulted in the establishment of auniversity-wide general education committee, areduction in the number of general educationcredits necessary for graduation, and thedecline of general education's solid foundationin the university. Despite these changes, thestatus differences between general educationfaculty and specialized education facultyendured. Japanese universities must grapplewith how a general education curriculum shouldbe implemented in this new organizationalsystem.  相似文献   

荀子的"天下"观与"后周鲁时代"的秦国     

佐藤将之 《科学．经济．社会》2021,39(2):114-128

本文旨在阐明《荀子》思想的特质和历史意义,而由此探讨其"天下"观和对当时秦国的看法.借此欲阐明《荀子》一书在战国时代周鲁两国已经不存在的政治情况下成形或出现于世的历史意义.本文先将荀子的"天下"观整理为如下三种特色:其一,荀子所构想的国家从头开始就是治理天下领域的国家.其二,在荀子"天下"观视野下的国家会经过其兴亡的动态.从正面的意义来看,原来只有"方百里"领土的小国理论上也能成长为治理天下的国家.其三,荀子在叙述周朝巩固治理天下的过程中赞扬周公的关键角色,并将他称为"大儒".基于如上三点,荀子在观察秦国的现状之际,认为其威势和领土已经不必要再扩张,而极力鼓励秦廷聘用"大儒"或"聪明君子"来推行"义术",即安抚天下诸侯和人民的政策.荀子一方面似乎认为实际上唯秦国具有在近未来能够治理天下的可能,但借由强调任何领土方圆"一百里"的诸侯只要聘用"大儒"也能够治理天下这一点,提醒秦君别错过聘用他的机会,否则聘用这样人才的其他国家会取代秦国的角色.  相似文献   

《中庸》"诚"的思想     

末永高康  佐藤将之 《科学．经济．社会》2021,39(3):82-101

20世纪末年郭店楚简等新出土文献问世后,新的知识与见解也随之而来.基于此新知见,对孟子性善论的形成过程有一系列论考.本文即其中探讨《子思子》,特别是中庸篇的部分.中庸篇分为新旧两部分.其中以"中庸"为主题的旧的部分,根据文章形式来看,应该与《缁衣》《表记》《坊记》一样是为子思所作.以"诚"为主题的新的部分,虽然含有部分后世添加的内容,但其思想的架构应该也源自子思,比如,其中有与《性自命出》相同的"性即气"的思考,也有与《五行》相似的天道—人道的思考模式.而孟子在接受这些思想时是有选择的,比如说,子思的"诚"的思想实质上就被孟子抛弃了.  相似文献   

A study of optimal switching problem in limited-cycle with multiple periods     

Jing Sun  Hisashi Yamamoto  Masayuki Matsui 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2010,11(12):933-937

In a social system or production line,the restrictions of the cost and the due-time exist in each period.Generally,whether these restrictions are satisfied is dependent not only on the risks of this period,but also on the risks generated beforehand.We consider controlling the production process by switching the processing rate to a faster one at a given period.This paper deals with the optimal switching period to minimize the total expected cost of the production process.We first propose the optimal switching period model,and then the mathematic formulation of the total expectation is presented.Finally,the policy of optimal switching period is investigated in detail by numerical experiments.  相似文献   

日本的中苏大论战研究综述     

吉田阳介 《商丘师范学院学报》2008,24(7)

中苏大论战是国际共产主义运动史上的一个重大事件,这场论战给国际共产主义运动乃至于世界政治格局都带来了深刻影响.与其他各国学者一样,日本学者也对这一历史事件进行了深入的研究.对日本学术界有关中苏论战爆发的原因、论战涉及的理论问题以及论战所带来的历史教训等研究成果进行了梳理和分析,对深化中苏论战的认识有深远的意义.  相似文献   

Parental involvement in the special education pupil planning process: the school's perspective   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R K Yoshida  K S Fenton  M J Kaufman  J P Maxwell 《Exceptional children》1978,44(7):531-534

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Multiscale fabrication of a transparent circulation type blood vessel simulator     

Nakano T  Itoyama T  Yoshida K  Sawada Y  Ikeda S  Fukuda T  Matsuda T  Negoro M  Arai F 《Biomicrofluidics》2010,4(4):46505

We proposed and fabricated multiscale transparent arteriole and capillary vessel models with circular cross sections of 10-500 μm using photolithography. The circularities of the fabricated 10, 50, and 500 μm diameter microchannels were 84.0%, 61.5%, and 82.3%, respectively. Next, we connected these different models to realize a circulation type blood vessel model simulating arteriole networks. We proposed a novel connection method using an intermediate connector made of wax, which we used to connect these models to make a circulation model. In flow experiments, the fabricated models showed no leakage and circulation models with seamless connections were achieved.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of a collision avoidance controller for a bimanual multi-fingered haptic interface     

Takahiro Endo  Masayuki YasueHaruhisa Kawasaki 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2013

To present three-directional forces at ten human fingertips, we previously developed a bimanual multi-fingered haptic interface consisting of two five-fingered haptic hands and two interface arms. However, there is a risk that the component parts of the haptic interface will collide while an operator is manipulating the interface. A collision could be hazardous for the operator, and thus collision avoidance is essential. To solve this problem, we propose a collision avoidance controller for the bimanual multi-fingered haptic interface. The proposed controller prevents collisions while reducing the collision-induced effects on the haptic display. We carried out several experiments, the results of which show the validity of the proposed collision avoidance controller for the bimanual multi-fingered haptic interface.  相似文献   

System Analysis for Oxygen Uptake Kinetics with Step and Pseudorandom Binary Sequence Exercise in Endurance Athletes     

Takayoshi Yoshida  Yoshiyuki Fukuoka  Richard L. Hughson 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(1):1-9

We examined whether the system analysis for step and pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) exercises could be useful to characterize oxygen uptake (VO₂) kinetics of female sedentary subjects and endurance athletes. Breath-by-breath VO₂ was determined during step- and PRBS-cycle ergometer exercises. The time course of the VO₂ kinetics was evaluated by the time constant of the second phase, which should reflect the adjustment of the oxidative metabolism at the skeletal muscle level. The VO₂ kinetics were significantly faster in long-distance runners than in sedentary subjects for both exercises. A significant relationship was observed in the VO₂ kinetics obtained from step and PRBS exercises. In each group, there was no significant difference in the VO₂ kinetics for step and PRBS exercises. These results indicated that the system analysis with PRBS exercises revealed the faster VO₂ kinetics in endurance athletes than in sedentary subjects.  相似文献   

Stress in Japanese learners engaged in online collaborative learning in English     

Insung Jung  Masayuki Kudo  Sook‐Kyoung Choi 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2012,43(6):1016-1029

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