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Masahiro Horiuchi Yoko Handa-Kirihara Daijiro Abe Yoshiyuki Fukuoka 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(14):1638-1647
We investigated combined effects of ambient temperature (23°C or 13°C) and fraction of inspired oxygen (21%O2 or 13%O2) on energy cost of walking (Cw: J·kg?1·km?1) and economical speed (ES). Eighteen healthy young adults (11 males, seven females) walked at seven speeds from 0.67 to 1.67 m s?1 (four min per stage). Environmental conditions were set; thermoneutral (N: 23°C) with normoxia (N: 21%O2) = NN; 23°C (N) with hypoxia (H: 13%O2) = NH; cool (C: 13°C) with 21%O2 (N) = CN, and 13°C (C) with 13%O2 (H) = CH. Muscle deoxygenation (HHb) and tissue O2 saturation (StO2) were measured at tibialis anterior. We found a significantly slower ES in NH (1.289 ± 0.091 m s?1) and CH (1.275 ± 0.099 m s?1) than in NN (1.334 ± 0.112 m s?1) and CN (1.332 ± 0.104 m s?1). Changes in HHb and StO2 were related to the ES. These results suggested that the combined effects (exposure to hypoxia and cool) is nearly equal to exposure to hypoxia and cool individually. Specifically, acute moderate hypoxia slowed the ES by approx. 4%, but acute cool environment did not affect the ES. Further, HHb and StO2 may partly account for an individual ES. 相似文献
2.
Yoshiyuki Nakata 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2015,38(2):166-183
The present paper discusses three types of research perspective on the insider–outsider continuum: outsider research, (insider's) outsider research, and insider research. It examines the essential features of the insider–outsider distinction with reference to categories such as researcher, students, classroom context, contribution, control of condition, quality criteria, disclosure of information, and example of research. The paper concludes that the insider–outsider perspective can serve as a means of building a strong theoretical base in language teaching research that will help language teacher practitioner–researchers to situate their work within a wide variety of research types. 相似文献
3.
Satoru Hashizume Hiroaki Hobara Yoshiyuki Kobayashi 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):757-764
Negative work, which is mainly generated by eccentric muscle contraction, has an important influence on the associated muscle damage. Generally, mechanical parameters are determined for one side of a lower extremity on the assumption of negligible between-limb differences. However, between-limb differences in the negative work of lower extremity joints during running remain unclear. This study examines between-limb differences in negative work and associated mechanical parameters during the contact phase of running. Twenty-five young adult males voluntarily participated in this study. Each participant was asked to run on a straight runway at a speed of 3.0?m?s?1. Negative work, amplitude, duration of negative power, moment, and angular velocity were computed for both sides of the lower extremities. Significant differences were found in negative work between limbs for the hip (18.9?±?11.7%), knee (13.6?±?10.4%), and ankle (11.8?±?8.5%) joints. For the hip joint, asymmetric negative work was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude of negative power owing to a corresponding difference in the moment. The between-limb differences concerning the duration and amplitude of negative power could explain the asymmetric negative work in the knee joint. The asymmetric negative work of the ankle joint was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude and duration of the negative power and the moment. These results indicate that asymmetric negative work was generated in each lower extremity joint; however, the major mechanical parameters corresponding to the negative work are not the same across the joints. 相似文献
4.
关联规则挖掘是解决电子商务推荐问题的重要方法之一.针对传统关联规则挖掘算法在解决移动电子商务环境个性化推荐问题时反复扫描数据库,频繁项挖掘效率低,关联规则挖掘准确率低以及规则大量冗余等不足,提出一个基于事务矩阵和用户兴趣度的关联规则挖掘算法(Matrix-and-Interestingness-based Association Rules Mining,MIbARM).该算法仅需扫描一次数据库,并在挖掘过程中不断缩小算法搜索空间以避免生成冗余候选项,同时避免了冗余规则挖掘,从而提高了挖掘效率.最后,在四组人工数据和160种参数组合的数值实验环境下,引入Apriori、CBAR 及BitTableFI算法对MIbARM进行对比验证.结果表明,在不减少有趣规则的前提下,MIbARM不但可有效避免冗余候选项集的产生,而且大幅减少了冗余规则数量,极大提高了算法的搜索效率,同时提升了个性化推荐的质量,更适用于移动电子商务环境下的个性化推荐问题. 相似文献
5.
Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education
Taro Numano Yoshiyuki Nagata Mariko Ichimi Abumiya 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2002,1(1-2):35-50
Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country
as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However,
the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have
been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their
childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior,
juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment.
Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and
the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has
adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow
Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic
guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance.
Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational
Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Takayoshi Yoshida Yoshiyuki Fukuoka Richard L. Hughson 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(1):1-9
We examined whether the system analysis for step and pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) exercises could be useful to characterize oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics of female sedentary subjects and endurance athletes. Breath-by-breath VO2 was determined during step- and PRBS-cycle ergometer exercises. The time course of the VO2 kinetics was evaluated by the time constant of the second phase, which should reflect the adjustment of the oxidative metabolism at the skeletal muscle level. The VO2 kinetics were significantly faster in long-distance runners than in sedentary subjects for both exercises. A significant relationship was observed in the VO2 kinetics obtained from step and PRBS exercises. In each group, there was no significant difference in the VO2 kinetics for step and PRBS exercises. These results indicated that the system analysis with PRBS exercises revealed the faster VO2 kinetics in endurance athletes than in sedentary subjects. 相似文献
7.
Makoto Ayabe Peter H. Brubaker Yoshiyuki Sunami Hideaki Kumahara Yves Schutz Hiroaki Tanaka 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(16):1805-1814
AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between the accumulation of 1000 steps in 10 minutes (1K) and 3000 steps in 30 minutes (3K) with the amount and intensity of daily physical activity. Thirty-three adults (16 males and 17 females, 53 ± 19 years) wore an accelerometer (Lifecorder) for seven consecutive days in order to determine the number of steps and the time spent in physical activity at light intensity (LPA), moderate intensity (MPA), vigorous intensity (VPA) and moderate to vigorous intensity (MVPA). Furthermore, based on the minute-by-minute stepping rate, the number, intensity and duration of walking bouts (1K and 3K) were evaluated. The daily number of steps, LPA, MPA and VPA were significantly higher on the days with 1K or 3K compared with that observed on the days without 1K or 3K (P <0.05). The duration of 1K was not found to be correlated with an MVPA >10 minutes. An MVPA >10 minutes was less than 2 min · day?1 on the days with 1K or 3K. Therefore, it is doubtful that the concept of cadence is an alternative indicator for the commonly used definition of MVPA. It remains unclear whether participation in 1K and 3K guarantees that an individual will meet the current MVPA guidelines. 相似文献
8.
The present study aims to investigate teachers’ readiness for promoting learner autonomy. It attempts to do so by exploring the perceived importance of and the use of strategies for promoting learner autonomy among Japanese high school teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL). The paper reports on the research findings from two studies, one quantitative using a closed questionnaire, and the other qualitative using a focus group interview. Results show that many Japanese EFL high school teachers, while displaying different dimensions of autonomy in different ways, are not fully ready to promote autonomy in their learners. 相似文献
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10.
为了提高计算机视觉领域中核心问题之一的基础矩阵估算的效率,基于条纹边界编码约束实现了一种快速估算方法．与传统的基于代数最小二乘法算法不同,该算法利用Hough变换将Hough半径作为最优化过程的最小化因子．在特定条纹边界编码的结构光投影系统模型下,利用条纹编码的共面性构造线性约束,采用Hough变换将同码像素映射到Hough空间,其交点的半径可作为最优化评价函数的最小化因子．再通过Levenberg—Marquardt最优化迭代过程估算出基本矩阵的全局最优解．实验结果表明了该算法的正确性,并证明了其可有效提高估算精度与效率． 相似文献