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1.
Masahiro Horiuchi Yoko Handa-Kirihara Daijiro Abe Yoshiyuki Fukuoka 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(14):1638-1647
We investigated combined effects of ambient temperature (23°C or 13°C) and fraction of inspired oxygen (21%O2 or 13%O2) on energy cost of walking (Cw: J·kg?1·km?1) and economical speed (ES). Eighteen healthy young adults (11 males, seven females) walked at seven speeds from 0.67 to 1.67 m s?1 (four min per stage). Environmental conditions were set; thermoneutral (N: 23°C) with normoxia (N: 21%O2) = NN; 23°C (N) with hypoxia (H: 13%O2) = NH; cool (C: 13°C) with 21%O2 (N) = CN, and 13°C (C) with 13%O2 (H) = CH. Muscle deoxygenation (HHb) and tissue O2 saturation (StO2) were measured at tibialis anterior. We found a significantly slower ES in NH (1.289 ± 0.091 m s?1) and CH (1.275 ± 0.099 m s?1) than in NN (1.334 ± 0.112 m s?1) and CN (1.332 ± 0.104 m s?1). Changes in HHb and StO2 were related to the ES. These results suggested that the combined effects (exposure to hypoxia and cool) is nearly equal to exposure to hypoxia and cool individually. Specifically, acute moderate hypoxia slowed the ES by approx. 4%, but acute cool environment did not affect the ES. Further, HHb and StO2 may partly account for an individual ES. 相似文献
2.
1 "Google神话" 近几年,Google兼并了从事博客软件研制的一批高新技术公司,同时施行数字图书馆计划,以整合全球所有的信息为使命,在全球掀起了轩然大波,创造了"Google神话". 相似文献
3.
A rejoinder to Gudykunst and Hammer's critique of a recent paper is presented. We argue that their position is based on two mutually exclusive propositions and cannot therefore be credible. We continue to maintain that the evidence on intercultural effectiveness shows both culture-general and culture-specific components. 相似文献
4.
Abe Johnson 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2018,42(6):389-404
This qualitative instrumental case study explored the experiences and perceptions of seven community college leaders of their use of anticipatory leadership. Two research questions guided this study: (a) How do community colleges use anticipatory leadership to respond to internal and external changes? (b) How do community college leaders use anticipatory leadership principles for problem solving? The themes that emerged to address question one were engagement with others is required to respond to change effectively, data analysis and currency of knowledge are required to identify gaps and to respond to them, leaders must be willing to take calculated risks, and leaders must communicate effectively in order for change to occur. The themes that emerged to address question two were analysis of data is instrumental to identifying and closing the gaps in institutions, leading to better informed decisions; and anticipatory leadership reduces the need to use reactionary leadership practices. The findings of the study are that the participants identified and supported that anticipatory leadership practices are effective for responding to change. The anticipatory leadership practices highlighted as needed by the participants included the need for leaders who are engaged, have the skills and ability to utilize data to make decisions, are current in their higher education knowledge, take calculated risks when needed, and can communicate effectively. These skills are needed for community college leaders to be able to be proactive versus reactionary in their decision-making, as well as effective with their gap analysis identification, trend predictions, decision-making, and problem solving. 相似文献
5.
Hayao Ozaki Atsushi Kubota Toshiharu Natsume Jeremy P. Loenneke Takashi Abe Shuichi Machida 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(6):691-696
To investigate the effects of a single high-load (80% of one repetition maximum [1RM]) set with additional drop sets descending to a low-load (30% 1RM) without recovery intervals on muscle strength, endurance, and size in untrained young men. Nine untrained young men performed dumbbell curls to concentric failure 2–3 days per week for 8 weeks. Each arm was randomly assigned to one of the following three conditions: 3 sets of high-load (HL, 80% 1RM) resistance exercise, 3 sets of low-load [LL, 30% 1RM] resistance exercise, and a single high-load (SDS) set with additional drop sets descending to a low-load. The mean training time per session, including recovery intervals, was lowest in the SDS condition. Elbow flexor muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) increased similarly in all three conditions. Maximum isometric and 1RM strength of the elbow flexors increased from pre to post only in the HL and SDS conditions. Muscular endurance measured by maximum repetitions at 30% 1RM increased only in the LL and SDS conditions. A SDS resistance training program can simultaneously increase muscle CSA, strength, and endurance in untrained young men, even with lower training time compared to typical resistance exercise protocols using only high- or low-loads. 相似文献
6.
Interested in incorporating social media into your teaching but wary of the effort it might take? According to the research reviewed by Paige Abe and Nickolas A. Jordan, the challenge may be well worth it in terms of increased student engagement. 相似文献
7.
Pecking at the food key was recorded for 4 pigeons given restricted access to food. The access period was set at a fixed time in a light-dark cycle, continuous dark, or continuous light. The pecking activity occurred a few hours before onset of the access period in all three conditions. When the bird was again given free access to food after being released from restricted access, its pecking rhythm free-ran in the continuous dark. The initial phase of the rhythm coincided with the onset of the food-anticipatory pecking in the previous condition. These results suggest that the bird anticipated food access, based on its biological clock mechanism. When the access period was set in the dark phase of the light-dark cycle, anticipatory pecking did not occur, although pecking actually occurred during the access period. The pigeon’s activity is reduced during the dark phase of the light-dark cycle. Therefore, the bird’s activity level was probably too low to shape the anticipatory response, even if the access period was stored in memory in the biological clock. 相似文献
8.
A two-step iterative method (1,2) for a reduction in the order of linear continuous-time systems, given in the state equation or the transfer function, is extended to reduce discrete-time systems. The method requires the optimization of the residues and eigenvalues (or poles) belonging to an objective function. The objective function to be minimized is chosen as the finite sum of the squares of the error between the step responses of the reduced model and the original system. This scheme is continued cyclically until the objective function is satisfactorily minimized. By investigating the initial selection of the eigenvalues in the reduced-order model, it is found that the dominant eigenvalues of the original system give a good approximation. Further, the resulting model is always stable, assuming the original system is stable. As shown in a numerical example, the proposed method is superior to the other methods of model reduction in both steady-state and transient responses, and in the value of the sum of the squares of the error. 相似文献
9.
Vickie Wong Takashi Abe Raksha N. Chatakondi Zachary W. Bell Robert W. Spitz Scott J. Dankel 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1865-1873
The purpose was to determine if the muscle swelling, echo intensity, and fatigue responses to blood flow restriction differs based on cuff width (Experiment 1), applied pressure (Experiment 2), and sex. Ultrasound of muscle was taken before and after exercise. In Experiment 1 (n = 96), men swelled more than women and more with a narrow cuff than a wide cuff (0.60 cm vs. 0.52 cm). Expressed as a percentage change, there were no longer differences between cuffs (Narrow: 15% vs. Wide: 14%) or sex (Men: 14% vs. Women: 15%). Echo intensity remained unchanged. Women required more repetitions to reach task failure in sets 2, 3, and 4. In Experiment 2 (n = 87), men swelled more than women (Men: 0.46 cm vs. Women: 0.31 cm). Expressed as a percentage change, there were no differences. Echo intensity decreased in both conditions and to a greater extent with a higher applied pressure. If the acute muscle swelling response is important for initiating long term adaptation, then our results indicate that neither cuff width, sex, nor applied pressure will differentially impact the adaptation observed via this mechanism. Changes in echo intensity were inconsistent and the utility of this measurement may need to be reconsidered. 相似文献
10.
Conclusion The second phase of education for a sustainable future (the widespread reorientation of educational practices, systems and
structures) is not yet widespread in the Asia-Pacific region. This is a very large undertaking and one that the economically
wealthy regions of the world have yet to make. Therefore it is not surprising that one of the world's economically poorer
regions has yet to enact such reforms. However, there is sufficient leadership in the region (in the form of international
and regional agencies and active NGOs) to indicate that if Member States can be convinced that a whole-of-government approach
to sustainable development is desirable, the teacher educators, curriculum development officials and teachers of the region
will have the requisite support to make the necessary reforms.
Original language: English
John Fien (Australia) Director of the Centre for Innovation and Research in Environmental Education, Griffith University. Teaching and research
interests focus on the reorientation of education towards sustainability in the formal school sector, teacher education and
community education. He is the author ofEnvironmental education: a pathway to sustainability and education for the environment andCritical curriculum theorising and environmental education. Editor of several UNESCO project publications, includingTeaching for a sustainable world (1995),Learning for a sustainable environment (1997) andTeaching and learning for a sustainable future (2000).
Osamu Abe (Japan) Professor in Education at Saitama University in Japan and the Project Leader of the Environmental Education Project of the
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. A leading authority on conservation education and a well-known figure in both
the environmental NGO and environmental education movements in Japan.
Bishnu Bhandari (Nepal) Senior Research Fellow in the Environmental Education Project of the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies in Japan.
Former Director of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's conservation programme in Nepal. With Osamu Abe,
he has convened a series of international conferences on environmental education in the Asia-Pacific region. They have publishedAn overview of environmental education in the Asia and Pacific region (1999) andA regional strategy on environmental education in Asia-Pacific (1999). 相似文献