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Anne W. Graves Russell Gersten Diane Haager 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2004,19(4):262-272
This study examined literacy instruction in 14 first‐grade classrooms of English learners (ELs) in three schools in a large urban school district in southern California over a two‐year period. Pre‐ and posttest measures of oral‐reading fluency for 186 first graders, representing 11 native languages, were the outcome data. Reading‐fluency data were examined in reference to ratings of literacy practices using the English Learners Classroom Observation Instrument (ELCOI). Results indicated a moderately strong correlation (r= 0.65) between ELCOI rating and gain in oral‐reading fluency at the end of first grade. We report patterns of ELs who read below the oral‐reading fluency benchmark thresholds and patterns of students who were ultimately labeled with learning disabilities. Instructional practices of teachers rated “high” and “low” are discussed. Educational implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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This study investigates the perceived impact of election polls,focusing on the hotly contested 2000 U.S. presidential election.Survey data from 558 individuals gathered during the final daysof the election campaign are analyzed to examine beliefs thatthe polls greatly affect other voters, general views of pollsas good or bad for the country, beliefs about whether pollstersinfluence their results to come out a certain way, and supportfor banning election-night projections. Results indicate thatmost respondents felt the polls had no influence on themselveswhile still affecting others. Respondents exhibiting these third-person-effectperceptions were significantly more likely than others to believethat election polls are a bad thing for the country. Negativeperceptions of polls and beliefs that pollsters try to influenceresults were also related to general distrust of the news media.Negative views of polls in turn were associated with increasedsupport for prohibiting election-night projections. In general,the results illustrate the dependency of negative views aboutpolling on fears of untoward effects on voters, in particularthe fear that polls and election projections might lend supportto candidates opposed by the respondent. 相似文献
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Annie Dupuis Maheshan Indralingam Andre Chevrier Jennifer Crosbie Paul Arnold Christie L. Burton Russell Schachar 《Child development》2019,90(2):e263-e272
Adjusting speed to maintain fast and accurate performance is critical to goal-directed behavior. This study examined development of response time adjustments in the stop signal task in 13,709 individuals aged 6–17 years (49.0% Caucasian) across four trial types: correct and incorrect go, successful (stop-inhibit), and failed (stop-respond) trials. People sped more after correct than incorrect go responses and slowed more after failed than successful stop trials. Greater slowing after stop-respond but less slowing after stop-inhibit trials was associated with better response inhibition. Response time adjustments were evident in children as young as age 6, developed throughout childhood, and plateaued by age 10. Results were consistent with the predictions of the error detection and shifting goal priority hypotheses for adjustments. 相似文献
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The field of educational measurement has evolved considerably since the first doctoral programs were established. In response, programs have typically tacked on courses that address newly developed theories, methods, tools, and techniques. As our review of current programs evidences, this approach produces artificial distinctions among topics and techniques that are in fact a tightly coupled whole. This position paper advocates a redesign of the scope and sequence for doctoral programs focused on the preparation of the next generations of educational measurement specialists; a redesign that reflects the full life‐cycle of instrument development and use. 相似文献
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Russell Field 《国际体育史杂志》2016,33(1-2):217-238
AbstractCanadians have been involved in every edition of the Pan-American Games since they were inaugurated in Buenos Aires in 1951. That participation has provided thousands of Canadian athletes, coaches, and officials memorable international experiences. But the focus of Canadian involvement with the Pan-Ams has been the staging of games as a strategy for city building, city branding, and infrastructural investment. This paper examines the Pan-American Games of Winnipeg in 1967 and 1999 and Toronto 2015 as exemplars of that strategy. It argues that with the successes of those games, major games hosting has become virtually an article of faith of Canadian sport policy. 相似文献
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Maxime Caru François Lalonde Hugo Gravel Chantal Daigle François Tournoux Vincent Jacquemet 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1005-1013
The protective action of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been demonstrated in the context of surgical interventions in cardiology. Application of RIPC to sports performance has been proposed, but its effect on the electrocardiogram (ECG) during exercise remains unknown. This exploratory study aims to measure the changes in ventricular repolarization observed during exercise following RIPC in healthy subjects. In an experimental randomized crossover study, 17 subjects underwent two bouts of constant load exercise tests at 75% and 115% of gas exchange threshold (GET). Prior to exercise, they were allocated to either control or RIPC intervention with four cycles of 5?min of ischaemia followed by 5?min of reperfusion. ECG was continuously recorded during the protocol. QT and RR intervals were measured every 30?s (on an average tracing of the preceding 10?s). Although the time course of RR intervals did not differ between the two interventions (p?=?.56 at 75% GET and p?=?.74 at 115% GET), a significant shortening of QT intervals (measured from Q onset to T end) was observed during exercise (mean?±?standard deviation of RIPC vs. control: ?32?±?19?ms at 75% GET (p?.001) and ?34?±?12?ms at 115% GET (p?.001)) as well as during recovery (?21?±?8?ms at 75% GET (p?.001) and ?16?±?11?ms at 115% GET (p?.001)). This effect was not present at rest. These RIPC-related changes were clearly identifiable on the QT–RR loops after hysteresis reduction. RIPC therefore induces heart rate-independent shortening of QT intervals that is revealed during exercise. 相似文献
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Interface project II and Ontario's review of educational policy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1