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1.
Ramesh Swaminathan Jonathan M. Williams Michael D. Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(11):1058-1066
Artificial surfaces are now an established alternative to grass (natural) surfaces in rugby union. Little is known, however, about their potential to reduce injury. This study characterises the spinal kinematics of rugby union hookers during scrummaging on third-generation synthetic (3G) and natural pitches. The spine was sectioned into five segments, with inertial sensors providing three-dimensional kinematic data sampled at 40 Hz/sensor. Twenty-two adult, male community club and university-level hookers were recruited. An equal number were analysed whilst scrummaging on natural or synthetic turf. Players scrummaging on synthetic turf demonstrated less angular velocity in the lower thoracic spine for right and left lateral bending and right rotation. The general reduction in the range of motion and velocities, extrapolated over a prolonged playing career, may mean that the synthetic turf could result in fewer degenerative injuries. It should be noted, however, that this conclusion considers only the scrummaging scenario. 相似文献
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A logistic regression model for characterizing differential item functioning (DIF) between two groups is presented. A distinction is drawn between uniform and nonuniform DIF in terms of the parameters of the model. A statistic for testing the hypothesis of no DIF is developed. Through simulation studies, it is shown that the logistic regression procedure is more powerful than the Mantel-Haenszel procedure for detecting nonuniform DIF and as powerful in detecting uniform DIF. 相似文献
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M. S. Swaminathan 《Resonance》2014,19(2):109-115
Swami Vivekananda, whose 150th birth anniversary is being celebrated this year, used to say, “This life is short; its vanities are transient. He alone lives who lives for others”. Norman Borlaug was one such person, who lived and worked for the cause of ensuring food for all. As a scientist, he helped to breed outstanding varieties of dwarf wheat, which could help to triple the average yield. As a humanist, he placed faces before figures, and helped to highlight the fact that the persistence of hunger, in the midst of opportunities to increase food production through synergy between technology and public policy, is inexcusable. Dr Borlaug was not satisfied with scientific know-how alone. He wanted to convert scientific know-how into field level do — how. On the last day of his life, a scientist showed him a new equipment to trace soil fertility. Dr Borlaug’s last words before his death were, “Take the tracer to the farmer”. On the occasion of his birth centenary on March 25, 2014 we should all follow his advice and accelerate progress in linking the lab with land. His life and work will be eternal sources of inspiration and lead us to convert his vision of a hunger-free world into reality. Borlaug’s Approach to Increasing Wheat Yield 相似文献
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Raji Swaminathan 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(1):33-63
This study investigated how graduates of an urban alternative school understood, interpreted, and compared their experiences in previous schools that they considered ineffective with their experiences at an effective alternative school. This study found that students find those schools effective that create or allow spaces where they can be empowered, leading to a sense of place. Students’ ownership or affinity to school spaces that lead them to refer to school as “my place” derived from school practices that were instrumental in promoting a sense of identification, commitment, integration, and alliances among students and faculty at the school. Based on the findings of the study, this article argues that for urban schools to be effective for students at risk, they not only need to focus on caring relationships and diverse learning experiences, they also need to create the space to foster a sense of “my place” for students. 相似文献
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2012 has been awarded to Robert J Lefkowitz and Brian K Kobilka for their studies on G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are receptor proteins present on the cell surface, which are involved in sensing molecules outside the cell and initiating a cellular response. They can sense a wide variety of ligands ranging from light to hormones and small peptides, triggering various physiological responses. Today we understand the molecular mechanisms by which these receptors work largely due to the contributions of Lefkowitz and Kobilka. Owing to the role of GPCRs in cell communication and involvement in various disease conditions, they are targets of over 40% of current drugs in the market. These findings have not only revealed how GPCRs work, but have also made a huge impact on the field of GPCR-associated drug discovery. 相似文献
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Hariharan Swaminathan Linda L. Cook Laurence Cadorette 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):17-21
Multiple measures taken on subjects are usually classified along two dimensions: (1) measures on the same dependent variable taken at different periods of time or occasions; and (2) measures on different dependent variables taken at one testing or observation period. In this paper an appropriate procedure for the analysis of “multivariate repeated measures” designs, i.e. designs in which measures are taken along both dimensions simultaneously, is discussed. Examples are given of the application of the procedure to quasi-experimental time-series designs and to the problem of determining rater agreement when a group of individuals are rated on more than one variable. 相似文献
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R. Selvakumar S. Swaminathan J. J. Fleming 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(1):24-33
2000 vials of lyophilized QC of two different levels (low and high) were donated by Roche Diagnostics GmbH, through the IFCC
and received by CMCH in June 2001. A total of 240 la boratories were enrolled for this 6 month pilot study. In addition to
the 12 analytes in the liquid QC programme, six additional analytes, LDH, triglyceride, urate, total bilirubin, phosphate
and amylase were included. It was also possible to measure sodium and potassium by ion selective electrode (ISE) methods in
the QC for the first time.
The performance of the laboratories for the existing 12 analytes using liquid stabilized QC was compared to the performance
using lyophilized QC. Using a statistical comparison of the methodwise mean variance index score (MVIS) values, five assays
viz glucose, albumin, cholesterol, and SGOT and SGPT performance was the same in liquid QC and lyophilized QC. Three assays
viz urea, calcium and creatinine were significantly better, and 4 assays total protein, sodium, potassium and ALP were significantly
worse. However the overall VIS (OMVIS) for the laboratories was the same and the ranking pattern of this 6 month OMVIS was
also unaltered.
The lyophilized QC scheme highlighted a negative bias between flame and ISE methods for sodium and potassium, and a definite
standardization problem in reporting LDH and amylase results, but triglyceride, urate and total bilirubin assays were performing
well.
It was concluded that the introduction of lyophilized QCs will not cause any deterioration of performance to participating
laboratories. Stability of the material seems to be good and the laboratories are generally using a good reconstitution technique. 相似文献
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This paper presents certain simple procedures for assessing the most common types of interference, due to haemolysis, icterus
or lipaemic serum in 19 routine Clinical Chemistry tests and suggests steps to overcome the problem in some tests. A change
in the measured concentration, to be analytically significant, had to exceed 2.8 X % coefficient of variation (cv) of the
intra-assay analytical variation of each assay. Haemolysis caused interference in 10 of the 19 assays investigated. A haemolysate
haemoglobin concentration of 0.29 g/dl, visible to the eye, caused an analytically significant increase in creatinine kinase
MB subunit (CKMB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, triglyceride, uric acid and urea, and a significant decrease
in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. A higher concentration of haemoglobin (0.68 g/ dl) caused an additional
significant increase in CK, and a decrease in direct bilirubin. Addition of bilirubin caused interference in all the peroxidase
linked reactions as well as in the creatinine assay. At a serum concentration of 5.2 mg/dl it caused a decrease in creatinine,
glucose, triglyceride and uric acid. At a higher concentration (15.9 mg/dl) it also decreased cholesterol. Lipaemia interference
affected the least number of assays. An added triglyceride of 537–561 mg/dl caused an increase in glucose, uric acid, and
amylase. At a level of 1122 mg/dl it also increased CKMB, and at a value of 2244 mg/dl it increased total and direct bilirubin.
At the highest levels of haemolysis and lipaemia, the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and giutamate pyruvate
transaminase (GPT) gave erratic results. Overall uric acid and CKMB were the analytes most susceptible to interference, while
serum caicium and phosphate did not suffer from any. The interference depends on the exact assay conditions used and the susceptibility
of each individual laboratory's tests should be determined by them. The reasons for the interferences described are discussed. 相似文献
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