A Symbiosis of Access: Proliferating STEM PhD Training in the U.S. from 1920–2010     

Fernandez  Frank  Baker  David P.  Fu  Yuan-Chih  Muñoz  Ismael G.  Ford  Karly Sarita 《Minerva》2021,59(1):79-98

Minerva - Over the course of the 20th century, unprecedented growth in scientific discovery was fueled by broad growth in the number of university-based scientists. During this period the American...  相似文献   

Tracking user-role evolution via topic modeling in community question answering     

Chaogang Fu 《Information processing & management》2019,56(6):102075

Community question answering (CQA) services that enable users to ask and answer questions are popular on the internet. Each user can simultaneously play the roles of asker and answerer. Some work has aimed to model the roles of users for potential applications in CQA. However, the dynamic characteristics of user roles have not been addressed. User roles vary over time. This paper explores user representation by tracking user-role evolution, which could enable several potential applications in CQA, such as question recommendation. We believe this paper is the first to track user-role evolution and investigate its influence on the performance of question recommendation in CQA. Moreover, we propose a time-aware role model (TRM) to effectively track user-role evolution. With different independence assumptions, two variants of TRM are developed. Finally, we present the TRM-based approach to question recommendation, which provides a mechanism to naturally integrate the user-role evolution with content relevance between the answerer and the question into a unified probabilistic framework. Experiments using real-world data from Stack Overflow show that (1) the TRM is valid for tracking user-role evolution, and (2) compared with baselines utilizing role based methods, our TRM-based approach consistently and significantly improves the performance of question recommendation. Hence, our approach could enable several potential applications in CQA.  相似文献   

面向社交媒体的细粒度ADR本体的半自动构建方法研究     

魏巍  傅维刚 《图书情报工作》2019,63(3):108-114

[目的/意义]提出一个药物不良反应本体的半自动构建方法，构建的细粒度药物不良反应本体为利用社交媒体挖掘潜在的药物不良反应信号提供语义资源库。[方法/过程]首先，采用业务层次和语言层次相分离的设计理念，将用户在社交媒体中评论的药物不良反应表示成"对象要素-属性要素-描述概念"的形式。细粒度体现在社交媒体用户对药物同一不良反应描述概念表达的多样性上。然后，基于深度学习的思想，利用基于word2vec的描述概念候选词抽取算法自动地抽取出更多的描述概念候选词构建本体。[结果/结论]以糖尿病药物的建模实例表明，提出的细粒度药物不良反应本体的半自动构建方案，提高了本体构建的智能化水平，构建的细粒度药物不良反应本体为利用社交媒体挖掘潜在的药物不良反应信号提供语义资源库。  相似文献   

Understanding the topic evolution of scientific literatures like an evolving city: Using Google Word2Vec model and spatial autocorrelation analysis     

Kai Hu  Qing Luo  Kunlun Qi  Siluo Yang  Jin Mao  Xiaokang Fu  Jie Zheng  Huayi Wu  Ya Guo  Qibing Zhu 《Information processing & management》2019,56(4):1185-1203

Topic evolution has been described by many approaches from a macro level to a detail level, by extracting topic dynamics from text in literature and other media types. However, why the evolution happens is less studied. In this paper, we focus on whether and how the keyword semantics can invoke or affect the topic evolution. We assume that the semantic relatedness among the keywords can affect topic popularity during literature surveying and citing process, thus invoking evolution. However, the assumption is needed to be confirmed in an approach that fully considers the semantic interactions among topics. Traditional topic evolution analyses in scientometric domains cannot provide such support because of using limited semantic meanings. To address this problem, we apply the Google Word2Vec, a deep learning language model, to enhance the keywords with more complete semantic information. We further develop the semantic space as an urban geographic space. We analyze the topic evolution geographically using the measures of spatial autocorrelation, as if keywords are the changing lands in an evolving city. The keyword citations (keyword citation counts one when the paper containing this keyword obtains a citation) are used as an indicator of keyword popularity. Using the bibliographical datasets of the geographical natural hazard field, experimental results demonstrate that in some local areas, the popularity of keywords is affecting that of the surrounding keywords. However, there are no significant impacts on the evolution of all keywords. The spatial autocorrelation analysis identifies the interaction patterns (including High-High leading, High-Low suppressing) among the keywords in local areas. This approach can be regarded as an analyzing framework borrowed from geospatial modeling. Moreover, the prediction results in local areas are demonstrated to be more accurate if considering the spatial autocorrelations.  相似文献   

计算机控制技术课程实践教学探索     

辅小荣 《中国现代教育装备》2011,(9):81-83

计算机控制技术课程是电气信息类工科专业的主干专业课之一,对其课程教学实践进行探索是十分必要。针对计算机控制技术课程的特点,从实验教学、课程设计及其他实训环节的内容进行了探讨,采用灵活多样方式进行实践教学改革,培养学生独立分析和解决问题的能力,为深化教学改革进行了有益的尝试,获得良好的教学效果。  相似文献   

系列化探究式项目教学法过程管理网站概要设计     

傅修远  陈华  汪木兰 《中国现代教育装备》2011,(23):19-21

利用计算机网络平台实现系列化探究式项目教学中的过程管理和资料存储,采用流行的B／S架构,在项目教学管理网站提供项目登录入口。以项目执行流程为主线,将指导教师、学生及浏览用户有机地结合起来,指导教师和学生通过网站进行交互,教师监控项目实施阶段的执行进度。管理网站还具有简单的新闻发布系统,可以提供成果分享和学习功能,项目执行过程生成的资料也可以导出保存。  相似文献   

光在旋转椭球面上的反射和折射     

傅景礼  侯杰 《商丘师范学院学报》1997,(Z1)

研究光在旋转椭球面上的反射和折射，正确得到了成象的一般公式，并进行了讨论．  相似文献   

第17号染色体短臂杂合性缺失与肿瘤的研究进展     

傅晓艳  谭海栋  李旭升  郑闪 《金华职业技术学院学报》2002,2(4):61-64,25

抑癌基因是人类正常细胞中所具有的一类基因，对细胞的增殖分化有调节作用。染色体体臂上某一区域非随机杂合性缺失导致抑癌基因的丧失，从而促使肿瘤发生。本文总结了第17号染色体短臂(17p)杂合性缺失与肿瘤发生关系的研究进展，该研究不仅为我们定位新的抑癌基因提供了基础，为肿瘤的预防、早期发现和诊断提供了依据，同时也使我们能更好理解肿瘤的分子进展。  相似文献   

数字电视技术新进展与校园数字交互教育电视系统的构建     

付道明  徐福荫 《中国电化教育》2007,(5)

本文在对地面数字电视传输国家标准简要分析的基础上,探讨了数字电视技术对教育电视的影响,并提出了以具有双向交互功能的互联网、IP专用网作为承载网络,以电视机为主、PC机为辅作为显示终端,为校园内的用户提供专门的数字视频教育信息资源的校园数字交互教育电视(IPETV)系统的设计方案。  相似文献   

信息技术环境下对多媒体教室管理员素质能力的思考     

付强  蒋德军  杨成 《现代教育技术》2004,14(2):68-71

在信息技术环境下,随着多媒体技术的不断进步,各类高等院校纷纷建起优化教学的多媒体教室。该文对一些高校的多媒体教室的应用状况进行了调研和分析。  相似文献