Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., a novel Leptotrichia species with the oral cavity as its natural reservoir     

Patrick C.Y.WOO  Samson S.Y.WONG  Jade L.L.TENG  Kit-Wah LEUNG  Antonio H.Y.NGAN  Herman TSE  Susanna K.P.LAU  Kwok-Yung YUEN 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(6):391-401

A straight, non-sporulating, Gram-variable bacillus (HKU24T) was recovered from the blood culture of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma. After repeated subculturing in BACTEC Plus Anaerobic/F blood culture broth, HKU24T grew on brucella agar as non-hemolytic, pinpoint colonies after 96 h of incubation at 37 °C in an anaerobic environment and aerobic environment with 5% CO2. Growth was enhanced with a streak of Staphylococcus aureus. HKU24T was non-motile and catalase-negative, but positive for alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and α-glucosidase. It hydrolyzed phenylphosphonate and reduced resazurin. 16S rRNA, groEL, gyrB, recA, and rpoB sequencing showed that HKU24T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position among the Leptotrichia species, being most closely related to Leptotrichia trevisanii. Using HKU24T groEL, gyrB, recA, and rpoB gene-specific primers, fragments of these genes were amplified from one of 20 oral specimens. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose a new species, Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., to describe this bacterium.  相似文献   

Learning from equations or words   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MARTIN LEUNG  RENAE LOW  JOHN SWELLER 《Instructional Science》1997,25(1):37-70

A series of four experiments was designed to study the cognitive load consequences of learning from equations, as compared to words. Cognitive load theory suggests that some instructional procedures require learners to engage in cognitive activities solely because of the manner in which information is presented rather than because of intrinsic characteristics of the material. As a consequence, a heavy extraneous cognitive load that interferes with learning may be imposed. It is suggested that in studying equations with unfamiliar notations, a heavy extraneous cognitive load is generated because mental integration of notations and meanings is required. The results of Experiment 1 supported this suggestion. Experiment 2 found that when an equation format involves simple equations and familiar notations, it is more effective than an equivalent verbal format which requires substantial reading. Experiment 3 showed that when the use of notations becomes automated after extended practice and thus reduces the extraneous cognitive load required to mentally integrate notations and meanings, an equation format can be more effective than a verbal format. Experiment 4 indicated that supplementing a concise equation format with extensive verbal information does not assist learning, because processing the extensive verbal information induces a heavy cognitive load which creates redundancy effects. It was concluded that the efficacy of equations or words may depend, in part, on their cognitive load consequences.  相似文献   

The Relationship Between Approaches to Learning and Reflection Upon Practice   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

DORIS Y.P. LEUNG  DAVID KEMBER 《教育心理学》2003,23(1):61-71

This study examined the association between students' approaches to learning and stages of reflective thinking. The revised version of the Study Process Questionnaire was used to measure deep and surface approaches to learning and the Reflection Questionnaire was used to distinguish four stages of reflective and nonreflective thinking. Both questionnaires were completed by 402 undergraduates from all years of study from a health science faculty in a university in Hong Kong. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test possible associations. The results showed that only the habitual action scale correlated significantly to surface approach to learning. Understanding, reflection and critical reflection correlated with deep approach but had no correlation to surface approach. Understanding, reflection and critical reflection correspond to the use of a deep approach with increasing levels of meaningful personal assimilation. These findings provide evidence of close association between approaches to learning and stages of reflection upon practice. The results also provide evidence for the convergent validity of both questionnaires.  相似文献   

Developing a Career Development Self-Efficacy Instrument for Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong     

MANTAK?YUENEmail author  NORMAN?C.?GYSBERS  RAYMOND?M.?C.?CHAN  PATRICK?S.?Y.?LAU  THOMAS?K.?M.?LEUNG  EADAOIN?K.?P.?HUI  PETER?M.?K.?SHEA 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2005,5(1):57-73

A 24-item measure, the Career Development Self-Efficacy Inventory (CD-SEI), was developed to assess career development self-efficacy among adolescents in Hong Kong. The CD-SEI covered six domains representing competencies needed by high school students transiting from school to work in Hong Kong. The confirmatory factor analyses of the responses from 6776 Grades 10–13 students showed that the six primary factors with one higher order factor model was the best fit to the data, though the one general factor model yielded an adequate fit. Reliability analyses showed that the total scale and subscales were internally consistent. The data suggested that Hong Kong adolescents had some, but not strong confidence in their career development. Students with plans to study at a university had more confidence in their career development than those who did not have such plans. This is the first study to develop and validate a career development self-efficacy measure for Chinese adolescents. Issues related to comprehensive guidance programming and assessment instrument development from a cross-cultural perspective were discussed.

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Résumé. Construction d’un instrument de mesure de l’auto-efficacité du développement vocationnel pour adolescents chinois de Hong Kong. On a construit une échelle de 24 items, appelée Career Development Self-Efficacy Inventory (CD-SEI) (Inventaire de l’Auto-efficacité de Développement Vocationnel (IAE-DV)) pour évaluer l’auto-efficacité du développement vocationnel chez des adolescents chinois de Hong Kong. La CD-SEI couvre six domaines, qui représentent les compétences dont ont besoin les étudiants des hautes écoles qui sortent de l’école pour entrer sur le marché du travail à Hong Kong. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires des réponses de 6776 étudiants des niveaux 10–13 montrent que c’est un modèle à six facteurs primaires avec un facteur de premier ordre qui s’ajuste le mieux aux données, bien qu’un modèle à un seul facteur général procure un ajustement satisfaisant. Les analyses de fidélité attestent de la consistance interne de l’échelle totale et des sous-échelles. Les données suggèrent que les adolescents de Hong Kong n’ont qu’une confiance relative dans leurs possibilités de développement vocationnel. Les étudiants qui ont décidé d’étudier à l’université ont d’avantage confiance en leur développement vocationnel que ceux qui n’ont de tels desseins. Cette étude est la première tentative pour développer et valider une mesure de l’auto-efficacité du développement vocationnel chez des adolescents chinois. On discute les problèmes liés à un programme général d’orientation et à l’élaboration d’un instrument de mesure dans une perspective interculturelle.Zusammenfassung. Entwicklung eines Instruments zur Selbsteinschätzung eigener Kompetenzen zur Laufbahnplanung für chinesische Jugendliche in Hongkong.In Hongkong wurde der ,,Fragebogen zur Selbsteinschätzung eigener Kompetenzen für die Laufbahnplanung (Career Development Self-Efficacy Inventory – CD-SEI)“ eine Bewertungsskala mit 24 Kriterien entwickelt, mit der Jugendliche die eigenen Kompetenzen für die Laufbahnentwicklung bewerten können. Der Fragebogen deckt 6 Bereiche ab Laufbahnplanung, geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte der Berufswahl, Wahl der Ausbildung, Bewerbung, Methoden der Arbeitsuche, Entwicklung von beruflichen Zielen; damit werden diejenigen Kompetenzen erfasst, die in Hongkong von AbsolventInnen des Gymnasiums (High School) am Übergang in das Beschäftigungssystem benötigt werden. Die Validitätsanalyse auf der Grundlage der Antworten von 6776 SchülerInnen der Klassen 10–13 ergab, dass sich die genauesten Ergebnisse bei Anwendung eines Modells ergaben, dass alle 6 Bereiche unter Betonung eines dieser Faktoren einbezog, wobei allerdings ein Validitätsmodell, dass nur diesen einen herausragenden Faktor einbezog, bereits angemessene Näherungswerte ergab. Die Reliabilitätsanalyse ergab, dass der Gesamtfragebogen und die Teilfragebögen in sich konsistent sind. Die Ergebnisse führen zu der Vermutung, dass Jugendliche zwar ein gewisses, aber kein sehr ausgeprägtes Selbstvertrauen im Hinblick auf ihre Laufbahnentwicklung haben. Jugendliche, die ein Hochschulstudium planten, zeigten ein ausgeprägteres Selbstvertrauen als die anderen Jugendlichen, die kein Studium planten. Dies ist die erste Untersuchung mit dem Ziel, einen derartigen Selbsteinschätzungsfragebogen für chinesische Jugendliche zu entwickeln und zu evaluieren. Der Artikel diskutiert ebenfalls Aspekte einer interkulturellen Perspektive im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung von umfassenden Beratungsprogrammen sowie von Beurteilungsinstrumenten.Resumen. Elaboración de un Instrumento de Auto-Eficacia en el Desarrollo de la Carrera de Adolescentes Chinos en Hong Kong. Se ha desarrollado un instrumento de medida con 24 items, el Inventario de Auto-Eficacia en el Desarrollo de la Carrera (IAE-DC), para evaluar la auto-eficacia en el desarrollo de la carrera entre adolescentes de Hong Kong. El IAE-DC abarca seis dimensiones que representan las competencias que los alumnos de secundaria necesitan en su tránsito de la escuela al mundo del trabajo en Hong Kong. Los análisis factoriales realizados a partir de las respuestas de 6776 estudiantes de los cursos 10°–13° demostraron que lo que mejor se ajustaba a los datos eran seis factores primarios con un modelo factorial de orden superior, aunque sólo este modelo factorial general también se ajustaba adecuadamente. Los análisis de fiabilidad confirmaron la consistencia interna de las escalas y subescalas. Los resultados sugirieron que los adolescentes de Hong Kong sentían cierta seguridad, aunque no demasiada, respecto al desarrollo de su carrera. Los estudiantes que tienen decidido ir a la universidad mostraban mayor confianza en su desarrollo profesional que aquellos que no han planificado nada. Este es el primer estudio en el que se ha elaborado y validado un instrumento de medida de la auto-eficacia en el desarrollo de la carrera para adolescentes chinos. Se discuten aspectos relacionados con los programas comprensivos de orientación y con el desarrollo de instrumentos de diagnóstico desde una perspectiva cross-cultural.

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情怀小样杜陵诗——余光中作品与中国现代诗的主题与格律     

梁欣荣 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,34(5)

余光中的作品中随处可见中国文化典律的影子,虽然是新诗,没有明显的格式规范,而且主题博大,但余诗并未因此而失去中国诗的精神与潜在的韵律,原因应是诗人能够在作品中与文化及传统主题连结,处处唤起典律的回忆.而今日现代诗却面临着两大困扰:格律的消失与主题的扩大.前者导致现代白话新诗无章无法,无从建立标尺,无论句法或段落均大幅度自由解放,在散文诗诞生后,更彻底磨灭了诗与散文的可能区隔,何者为诗、何者为文已难分晓.英文本是拼音语言,文字本身有潜在音律及抑扬顿挫的本质,虽同是字母,却能辨别诗与散文,白话中文无此一本质,在去掉格律后即无法区分诗与散文,充其量只能有诗的意境.主题扩大后,诗的国界更是无限,雅俗同聚一堂,这容或是大势所趋,却造成一些让人摇头叹息的作品.这两大因素使得现代白话诗的领域博大如宇宙,却谋杀了传统诗歌的美,也毁灭了文化的传承.这些负面的影响,在一般诗人的作品中都可能产生,而余光中却能从中蜕变而蝾化,为现代诗竖立新的典范.  相似文献