Temperament Dimensions in Preschool Children: Links With Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind     

Emiddia Longobardi  Pietro Spataro  Marta D’Alessandro  Rita Cerutti 《Early education and development》2017,28(4):377-395

Research Findings: The present cross-sectional study investigated the question of whether 6 different temperament dimensions (inhibition to novelty, social orientation, motor activity, positive emotionality, negative emotionality, and attention) influenced cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM) in 168 children (86 three/four-year-olds and 82 four/five-year-olds). Temperament was measured via a parent-report questionnaire, cognitive ToM via a classical false-belief task, and affective ToM via a comprehensive test tapping 3 levels of emotion comprehension (external, mental, and reflexive). In addition, language competence was assessed with a direct test evaluating both receptive and expressive language. The results showed that after we controlled for language ability, inhibition to novelty predicted higher levels of cognitive ToM in 4/5-year-old children. In addition, higher levels of social orientation predicted better comprehension of the external aspects of emotion in both younger and older children. Practice or Policy: Our results highlight the importance of the early identification of less sociable children, who might benefit from training interventions aimed at increasing their affective ToM abilities. At the same time, they are also consistent with previous evidence indicating that an inhibited approach to social interaction can promote false-belief understanding.  相似文献   

The use of methods for learning to learn for students with special needs in Slovenia     

Marta Licardo 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2019,34(1):66-82

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of instruction among professionals who implement additional professional support for students with special needs in Slovenia, with a focus on methods for learning to learn. A total of 1863 professionals with various job positions participated in the study. The results revealed that seven groups of professionals most often use methods for achieving standards in different learning subjects. The largest significant differences are in methods for developing social emotional skills, methods for rehabilitation and compensation of disabilities and methods for development of attention and concentration. The results also revealed that subject teachers use most of the methods significantly less than other professionals, which rise concerns about the quality of additional professional support in the group of subject teachers.  相似文献   

Equity in Education for/with Refugees and Migrants—Toward a Solidarity Promoting Interculturalism     

Marta Moskal  Amy North 《欧洲教育》2017,49(2-3):105-113

This special issue brings to the forefront the complex educational challenges faced by migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. It focuses on different ways of understanding equity in relation to education for/with refugees and migrants. The core articles gathered for the special issue originate from the Comparative Education Society in Europe (CESE) conference on the theme of “Equity in and Through Education” held in Glasgow, UK, between May 31 and June 3, 2016. Thus, the special issue addresses the question of equity in diverse local, national, and transnational contexts and from an interdisciplinary approach.  相似文献   

STEM learning research through a funds of knowledge lens     

Marta Civil 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2016,11(1):41-59

This article examines STEM learning as a cultural process with a focus on non-dominant communities. Building on my work in funds of knowledge and mathematics education, I present three vignettes to raise some questions around connections between in-school and out-of-school mathematics. How do we define competence? How do task and environment affect engagement? What is the role of affect, language, and cognition in different settings? These vignettes serve to highlight the complexity of moving across different domains of STEM practice—everyday life, school, and STEM disciplines. Based on findings from occupational interviews I discuss characteristics of learning and engaging in everyday practices and propose several areas for further research, including the nature of everyday STEM practices, valorization of knowledge, language choice, and different forms of engagement.  相似文献   

Latent Class Modeling with A Time-To-Event Distal Outcome: A Comparison of One,Two and Three-Step Approaches     

Daniel T. Lythgoe  Marta Garcia-Fiñana  Trevor F. Cox 《Structural equation modeling》2019,26(1):51-65

Latent class methods can be used to identify unobserved subgroups which differ in their observed data. Researchers are often interested in outcomes for the identified subgroups and in some disciplines time-to-event outcome measures are common, e.g., overall survival in oncology. In this study Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the empirical properties of latent class effect estimates on a time-to-event distal outcome using one, two and three-step approaches. Both standard and inclusive bias-corrected three-step approaches are considered. One-step latent class effect estimates are shown to be superior to the evaluated alternatives. Both the two-step approach and a standard three-step approach, where subjects are partially assigned to latent classes, produced unbiased estimates with nominal confidence interval coverage when latent classes were well separated, but not otherwise.

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The role of habituation of the response to LiCl in the US-preexposure effect     

de Brugada I  González F  Gil M  Hall G 《Learning & behavior》2005,33(3):363-370

In two experiments, rats received preexposure consisting of six intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (LiCl). This treatment reduced the magnitude of the unconditioned response (UR; suppressed consumption of a novel flavor) evoked by an additional injection (Experiment 1) or by oral consumption (Experiment 2) of LiCl. In both experiments, preexposure also attenuated the acquisition of a conditioned aversion with an LiCl injection as the unconditioned stimulus (US) but had no effect on the aversion produced when the US was oral consumption of LiCl (Experiment 2). These results are consistent with the view that the reduced ability of the preexposed US to serve as a reinforcer depends on blocking by injection-related cues and is independent of habituation of the UR recorded in the present study. Possible interpretations of this dissociation are discussed.  相似文献   

Can educational engagement prevent Early School Leaving? Unpacking the school’s effect on educational success     

Aina Tarabini  Marta Curran  Alejandro Montes  Lluís Parcerisa 《Educational studies》2019,45(2):226-241

There is growing evidence that school engagement, or more specifically disengagement, is a key indicator for predicting Early School Leaving. The aim of this article is to explore the impact of secondary schools in student (dis)engagement and subsequent opportunities to succeed in school. Drawing on data from a qualitative study in five secondary schools in Barcelona, the article discusses the role of school context in inhibiting or facilitating school engagement by exploring compositional effects, organisational and pedagogical practices, and teachers’ expectations. To do so a twofold perspective is adopted: firstly, we look at the main school features and their impact on students’ educational opportunities; and secondly, a systematic analysis of the dimensions of school engagement (behavioural, emotional and cognitive) is carried out. As a result, the article contributes to the identification of the most significant variables at school level that influence student engagement and their opportunities for school success.  相似文献   

Primary pre-service teachers’ skills in planning a guided scientific inquiry     

Antonio García-Carmona  Ana M. Criado  Marta Cruz-Guzmán 《Research in Science Education》2017,47(5):989-1010

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The nature of the university     

Marta Lenartowicz 《Higher Education》2015,69(6):947-961

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Orthographic learning in Spanish children     

Paz Surez‐Coalla  Marta lvarez‐Caizo  Fernando Cuetos 《Journal of Research in Reading》2016,39(3):292-311

In order to read fluently, children have to form orthographic representations. Despite numerous investigations, there is no clear answer to the question of the number of times they need to read a word to form an orthographic representation. We used length effect on reading times as a measure, because there are large differences between long and short words for unknown words, differences that disappear when reading frequent words. Two lists of new words (half short and half long) were presented to 102 second‐grade to sixth‐grade Spanish children, to be read aloud six times. One of the lists was presented as part of a story and the other in isolation. Comparison of the length effect at the first and sixth exposure showed large differences between short and long words in the first presentation and small differences at the sixth presentation, indicating that Spanish children develop representations of words after just a few repetitions.  相似文献