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This study examines frequency, overlap, and genetic and environmental influences on sleep difficulties, which are understudied in school-aged children. The Sleep Self Report and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire were completed by 300 twin pairs (aged 8 years) and their parents. Child report suggested more frequent sleep problems than parent report (e.g., regular sleep onset delay was reported by 45% of children and 17% of parents). Associations between most of the sleep difficulties were small but significant (e.g., r(s)=.16 for parent report of bedtime resistance and sleep onset delay). Twin correlations based on parent reports suggest greater genetic influence (M=50%) than those based on child self-report (M=18%). Possible rater effects should be considered when evaluating children's sleep problems. 相似文献
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目的：了解年龄、性别对价值观的影响。方法：运用Rokeach编制的“价值调查表”对岳阳市四所高校，12所中学的各年级2251名学生进行调查，从年龄、性别上分析其对价值观取向的影响。结果：青少年价值观总的来看相当一致，无论哪个团体都比较一致的显示出“世界和平”、“国家安全”、“有所作为”、“有能力”、“有抱负”是评价最高的几种价值观，但也存在团体差异，男性要重视“勇敢”，女性则崇尚“胸怀宽广”与“聪明”，随着年龄的增长“自由”、“独立”、“社会承认”、“负责任”等自主自立价值逐渐增强，而“钟情”、“成熟的爱”在青春期心理发育与性成熟过程中有起落。结论：年龄、性别对价值观有一定的影响，价值观是文化背景与个性因素综合影响的结果。 相似文献
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云南电大 《现代远程教育研究》2000,(1):24-26
"人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点"工作,是促进电大远程教育创新性建设和发展的至关重要的工作.云南电大通过一年多的实验、探索,通过把好入学关,完善学习支持服务系统,运用现代教育技术为学生提供必要的学习辅导等手段,使现代远程开放教育的教学模式得到初步构建,教学现代化程度明显提高,招生规模逐步扩大. 相似文献
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Following 602 Chinese twin pairs (48% male, all Han ethnicity) from primarily lower-than-average socioeconomic status families from early to mid-adolescence (Ms = 12 and 15 in 2006 and 2009), this study investigated gene–environment interplay between perceived parental supervision, peer drunkenness, and adolescent alcohol initiation. For alcohol initiation, shared environmental influences were initially negligible but became substantial. Genetic factors largely explained the links between both correlates with alcohol initiation. Parental supervision amplified genetic risks for alcohol initiation in early adolescence but suppressed it in mid-adolescence. Peer drunkenness augmented genetic and environmental influences at both times. Peer drunkenness showed stronger links and moderating potential than parental supervision. Chinese adolescents show dynamic gene–environment interplay patterns involving parent–child and peer processes in alcohol initiation. 相似文献
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McEwen F Happé F Bolton P Rijsdijk F Ronald A Dworzynski K Plomin R 《Child development》2007,78(2):474-492
Imitation, vocabulary, pretend play, and socially insightful behavior were investigated in 5,206 same- and opposite-sex 2-year-old twin pairs in the United Kingdom. Individual differences in imitative ability were due to modest heritability (30%), while environmental factors shared between twins (42%) and unique to each twin (28%) also made significant contributions to the variance. Imitation correlated significantly, although modestly, with vocabulary, pretend play, and socially insightful behavior, and the strongest relationship was with vocabulary. A model that represented the covariance between the variables as being due to correlated latent genetic and environmental factors fitted the data well, with shared environmental factors influencing most of the covariance. Parents who encourage imitation may also tend to foster the development of language, pretence, and socially insightful behavior. 相似文献
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甘肃电大 《现代远程教育研究》2000,(1):27-30
现代远程教育工程是国家教育部制定、组织、实施的一项指导在提高我国全民族科学文化素质的宏大教育工程.作为西部地区电大,要想在这项工程中充分发挥自己的教育优势,争得较大的市场份额,就应当不失时机地抓住这次难得的历史机遇,积极开展现代远程教育的理论研究,因地制宜建设现代化教育技术平台,构建西部的现代化远程教育体系. 相似文献
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Moritz Herle Alison Fildes Frühling Rijsdijk Silje Steinsbekk Clare Llewellyn 《Child development》2018,89(4):1423-1434
Emotional overeating (EOE) is the tendency to eat more in response to negative emotions; its etiology in early life is unknown. We established the relative genetic and environmental influences on EOE in toddlerhood and early childhood. Data were from Gemini, a population‐based cohort of 2,402 British twins born in 2007. EOE was measured using the “emotional overeating” scale of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) at 16 months and 5 years. A longitudinal quantitative genetic model established that genetic influences on EOE were minimal; on the other hand, shared environmental influences explained most of the variance. EOE was moderately stable from 16 months to 5 years and continuing environmental factors shared by twin pairs at both ages explained the longitudinal association. 相似文献
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