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Within the sphere of Physical Education (PE), many observers ( Shields and Bredemeier, 1995; Capel, 2003; Green, 2003 ) have identified PE staff as having a special empathy for children's pastoral care needs and the development of Personal, Social, and Health Education (PSHE). Such factors as the varied situations and venues in which the subject is delivered, including off-campus and extra curricular activities, perhaps lead interested staff into work that locks into the welfare and personal development needs of children. Accordingly, one of the more interesting challenges posed by National Curriculum Physical Education (NCPE) in England and Wales is that it requires the teacher to address the spiritual development of the pupil; this obligation is made clear through the Spiritual, Moral, Social and Cultural (SMSC) elements of the subject. This paper focuses attention on the merging of this separate spiritual dimension with the other three concepts. While the moral, social and cultural elements of SMSC are recognized components of PE participation, the grouping raises the question of whether PE teachers can develop children's spiritual growth. This paper argues that such a pathway may be possible but that at present there is considerable confusion related to the challenge. 相似文献
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Counselors are sometimes disoriented by the massive variety of approaches to the helping process. This plurality of counseling methods often pushes both students and practitioners toward an epistemological crisis—“the crisis of relativism.” A developmental scheme outlined by William Perry in 1970 is employed to interpret some of the typical cognitive transitions that can occur among counselor trainees who struggle with diversity. Also, the authors offer suggestions that may meet the particular needs of counselors coping with this multitude of therapy options. 相似文献
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JOHN COOPER 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1990,15(1):29-35
A brief account of continuous training of staff in a sample of sixteen French firms. Comment is included on method, sample and limitations of the study. Findings relating to training include expenditure, degree of forward planning, objectives, workforce attitudes, management awareness, relative strength of firms and dependence on outside consultancies. Mention is made of the importance of the ‘formation continue system’ with its compulsory training levy and its possible relevance to a UK context where training weaknesses have led to skill shortages in key industrial sectors. 相似文献
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DAVE COOPER 《比较教育学》1995,31(2):243-260
The paper examines technikons in South Africa with respect to some of their internal characteristics, and in relation to debates about their place in the system of higher education as a whole, currently being assessed by the new National Commission on Higher Education. Internally it is shown that technikons lag the universities by 1:3 in terms of student enrolments, and nearly half of the 100,000 (in 1991) students were enrolled at the distance learning Technikon RSA. The past decade has seen a shift away from science and technology (S&T) fields of study at technikons, despite their establishment as 'institutes of technology'. African and female students are shown to be especially under-represented in S&T fields; staff are significantly underqualified in comparison with the universities. The profile of technikons poses a number of questions in relation to the restructuring of the higher education system (HES). Issues of national and regional governance of the HES, articulation between universities-technikons-technical colleges, and ways of enhancing S&T fields and establishing staff development programmes are considered. 相似文献
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DAVID E. COOPER 《Philosophical Books》1991,32(4):221-223