布雷顿森林体系与美国霸权     

何岚 《扬州教育学院学报》2004,22(2):39-44

战后美国的超级大国地位奠定了其作为布雷顿森林体系的主要设计师地位,美国得以在这一体系中贯彻其门户开放型新殖民主义的全球扩张战略。另一方面,布雷顿森林体系也是经济全球化趋势与国家垄断资本主义发展的产物,美国因此成为牵引全球化的火车头。美国主导之下的布雷顿森林体系进一步加强了美国的经济、政治霸主地位。  相似文献   

循环林──森林资源良性循环的经营模式     

杨礼旦 《资源科学》1994,(2)

本文从探讨森林资源良性循环的概念和基本规律出发，提出了生态经济力与生态经济关系相适应是森林资源良性循环的基本规律。进而在分析常规林业的森林经营模式的弊端基础上，并根据森林资源良性循环的基本规律提出了循环林是森林资源良性循环的经营模式，并对循环林的类型、调整方法和经营要点作了探讨。  相似文献   

Differential effects of norm-referenced and self-referenced feedback on performance expectancies,attributions, and motivation     

Wendy McColskey  Mark R. Leary 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(3):275-284

When feedback is provided to students in a norm-referenced manner that compares the individual's performance to that of others, people who perform poorly tend to attribute their failures to lack of ability, expect to perform poorly in the future, and demonstrate decreased motivation on subsequent tasks. The present study examined the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of failure might be attenuated when failure is expressed in self-referenced terms—relative to the individual's known level of ability as assessed by other measures. In this study, subjects received feedback indicating that they did well or poorly on an anagram test, and this feedback was described as either norm-referenced (comparing the individual's performance to that of others) or as self-referenced (comparing performance to other measures of the individual's ability). As predicted, compared to norm-referenced failure, self referenced feedback resulted in higher expectancies regarding future performance and increased attributions to effort. Contrary to expectations, attributions to ability were not affected. The implications of the results for the structure of academic feedback are discussed.  相似文献   

基于FCM-PFS与PSO-RF的隐性知识外显案例适配研究     

张建华  杨俊晓 《科技管理研究》2022,(18)

对隐性知识外显案例实施有效适配,于知识应用乃至创新、实现乃至增值知识资源的价值,具有重要意义。本文深入研究了隐性知识外显案例适配机理。首先,采用毕达哥拉斯模糊集对知识属性值进行处理,建立知识表达系统;接着,运用K-Means算法对FCM聚类算法进行改进,压缩匹配空间、提升案例匹配效率;而后,基于PFS相关系数求解知识供需间的视图相似度,从而获得适配案例集。在此基础上,构建随机森林适配模型,并采用粒子群算法对其优化,以确保适配效果。与传统算法的对比实验验证了本文算法的比较优势。  相似文献   

The perception,management and performance of risk amongst Forest School educators     

Mark Connolly  Chantelle Haughton 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(2):105-124

This article investigates how risk perception amongst teachers within an outdoor educational initiative, Forest School, both shape and are shaped by their understandings of childhood, pedagogy and their own professional identity. Drawing on a social constructionist perspective in theorising risk and childhood, the article argues that contemporary, hyper-sensitised concerns regarding children’s vulnerability emanate from both fears of the modern world, and the proclivity towards over-protection which these fears precipitate. Rather than treating this hyper-sensitivity as irrational or paranoid, the paper draws on socio-cultural theories and qualitative methods to interrogate how risk is perceived, managed and performed by teachers within an initiative which aims to reintroduce risk into children’s lives. The research found that while these teachers’ motivations to participate in Forest School were derived from a desire to expose children to formative risk-taking in the outdoors, the hegemonic cultural and institutional risk aversion which they were attempting to counter, aligned with their contested occupational identity, created tensions in how they managed and performed risk which militated against the full realisation of a Forest School pedagogy.  相似文献   

中国生态系统研究网络台站森林分布图编制规范及其制图的探讨     

邓坤枚 《资源科学》1997,19(1):61-66

本文阐述了研制“中国生态系统研究网络台站森林分布图编制范围”的重要意义与途径，同时，以鼎湖山站为例，依据“规范”对图例系统和森林分类  相似文献   

林业重点工程对农民收入流动的影响研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘璨  林海燕 《中国软科学》2011,(1)

1998年以来,中国先后启动了天然林保护工程、退耕还林工程、京津风沙源治理工程等六项林业重点工程,每项林业重点工程采取了补贴、限制或者禁止林木商业采伐、禁止利用等多项政策。采用15个案例县的1995-2006年3096个样本数据分析林业重点工程对农民收入流动和收入长期不平等的影响,采用计量经济学分析方法,计量每个林业重点工程对农民收入流动的影响。研究结果显示:1)样本农户的收入流动总体很低;2)六项林业重点工程对样本农户收入流动表现出不同的影响。京津风沙源治理工程、退耕还林工程和防护林工程的实施在不同程度上促进了样本农户收入流动;天然林保护工程、野生动植物保护与自然保护区工程和重点地区速生丰产林基地建设工程对样本农户收入流动没有显著的影响;产生这些格局的原因在于林业重点工程的政策及其区域分布不同所致。  相似文献   

基于GIMMS AVHRR NDVI数据的三北防护林工程区植被覆盖动态变化   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王强  张勃  戴声佩  邹悦  马中华  张亚宁 《资源科学》2011,33(8):1613-1620

本文基于1982年-2006年连续25a的GIMMS AVHRR NDVI植被覆盖指数,采用了最大化NDVI均值法、提取植被覆盖度法和一元线性回归趋势分析方法,对中国三北防护林工程区的四大建设区（风沙区,西北荒漠区,黄土高原丘陵沟壑区和东北、华北平原区）连续25a的植被覆盖时空变化特征进行了动态变化研究。结果表明：①近25a来,研究区植被NDVI平均值总体呈缓慢上升趋势,增速为0.007/10a,其中风沙区和东北、华北平原区植被增速最明显,而西北荒漠区植被呈微弱下降趋势;②四大建设区植被覆盖度有不同程度提高,其中黄土高原沟壑区植被覆盖度上升最快,比1982年提高了9.66%;③在1982年-1991年、1992年-2001年、2002年-2006年三个时期内,大兴安岭中、南部,小兴安岭中部,长白山东北段,燕山,辽西低山丘陵区,阿尔泰山,天山,祁连山东段,西北荒漠区东部和黄土高原丘陵沟壑区南部等地区的植被覆盖面积分别增加了472994km2、451032km2、435196km2;而在相同的三个时期,大兴安岭两侧,呼伦贝尔高原西部,三江平原北部,科尔沁沙地南端,西北荒漠区南部和黄土高原丘陵沟壑区北部等地区的植被覆盖面积分别减少了197717km2、270192km2、182690km2。  相似文献   

Conservation materials for the Pagoda Forest in the Shaolin Temple,Henan, China     

Guanghua Li  Shuanglin Zhou  Wei Wu 《文物保护研究》2014,59(5):S246-S247

  相似文献   

A communication approach to the acculturation process: A study of Korean immigrants in Chicago     

Young Yun Kim 《Int J Intercult Relat》1978,2(2):197-224

This paper explores a theoretical and methodological basis for studying foreign immigrants' acculturation processes from a communication perspective. Communication patterns of immigrants are conceptualized on three levels — behavioral, attitudinal, and perceptual. The behavioral level of communication includes the immigrant's participation in communication channels of the host society as well as the ethnic community. The perceptual level refers to the immigrant's cognitive structure in perceiving the host society. The attitudinal level is examined by the immigrant's affective-evaluative orientation toward the host society. The three levels of communication patterns were empirically investigated in a survey of 400 randomly selected Koreans in the Chicago area. The communication variables were assessed through composite scores using questionnaire items that were tested for reliability. The results show an overall linear trend in the immigrant's interethnic communication with Americans, positive attitude toward Americans, cognitive complexity in perceiving the American society, and satisfaction level. A simultaneous increase is observed in the immigrant's interpersonal communication with Americans and with other Koreans. The immigrant's use of ethnic media rapidly decreases over the years while that of American media steadily increases. Findings are discussed in comparison to previous studies of foreign immigrants and students and to sociological theories of acculturation of minority groups.  相似文献