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跨国公司对印度汽车制造业的技术转移及其对我国的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1991年改革之后的印度,跨国汽车制造公司把先进技术和科学的管理理念带给印度本土的汽车制造业,大大地提高了印度本土企业的技术、管理水平和市场竞争能力。印度汽车制造业利用跨国公司技术转移的成功经验对于中国汽车制造业具有较大的可鉴之处。 相似文献
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This paper examines how innovation-related capabilities for production, design and marketing develop at the subsidiary level within multinational enterprises (MNEs). We focus on how subsidiary autonomy and changing opportunities to access external (host country) sources of capability contribute to the accumulation of specialist capabilities in five Taiwan-based MNE subsidiaries in the semiconductor industry. Longitudinal analysis shows how the accumulation process is subject to discontinuities, as functional divisions are (re)opened and closed during the lifetime of the subsidiary. A composite set of innovation output measures also shows significant variations in within-function levels of capability across our sample. We conclude that subsidiary specialisation and unique subsidiary-specific advantages have evolved in a way that is strongly influenced by the above factors. 相似文献
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根据惠州外向型经济的特点, 对惠州跨国三资企业的融资特点进行了调查和分析, 结合当地商业银行的实际, 提出了满足跨国三资企业融资需求的方案和商业银行的营销策略, 以期提高商业银行服务水平和营销技巧。 相似文献
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改革开放以来，我国对美国的直接投资发展非常迅速，美国现已成为我国对外直接投资的重要东道国。我国对美国的直接投资主要有金融型投资，贸易型投资和工业型投资三种类型，这些直接投资活动存在着总体战略规划缺乏，工贸脱节，优势不能互补，规模偏小，缺乏竞争力，国有资产保值增值责任不清，管理不规范，美国国情不熟，贸然介入和选址不当等方面的问题。今后，我国对美国直接投资要根据我国社会经济发展阶段确定对美国投资的战略步骤，要以现代企业制度打造我国对外投资主体－跨国公司，要注重研究美国国情对投资产业和区域选择的影响。 相似文献
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Fragkiskos Filippaios Marina Papanastassiou Robert Pearce Ruth Rama 《Research Policy》2009,38(6):1032-1043
This paper explores the strategic internationalisation of Research and Development (R&D) activities of the world's 100 largest food and beverages (F&B) multinationals (MNEs) in 1996 and 2000 with a sample of nearly 8000 affiliates for each period. We develop a global innovation strategy (GIS) structure where we analyse the R&D internationalisation process of F&B MNEs. We argue that in a fully developed GIS model the sourcing of creative inputs does not come exclusively from a ‘central’ R&D laboratory, but other overseas R&D laboratories or technological affiliates can also undertake genuine knowledge creation activity from capitalising on the scientific heterogeneity fostered in individual host countries as well as distinctive demand conditions. Our results indicate the increasing importance of overseas technological affiliates in the application of a GIS in the leading F&B MNEs, which determine the degree of their technological internationalisation. Two variants of technological affiliates reflect two broad knowledge-related activities, i.e. adaptation and genuine forms of knowledge creation. 相似文献
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Resource allocations, knowledge network characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation of multinational corporations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper analyses entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in multinational corporations (MNCs) and develops a new typology of MNC EO based on combining R&D and asset growth investment intensities as orthogonal resource allocations. A cluster analysis of US MNCs on these two dimensions reveals three types of entrepreneurial stance: conservative, aggressive-asset growth and balanced. Internal knowledge network characteristics are shown to vary by stance, with more aggressive stances linked to knowledge governance supportive of the entrepreneurship process. In linking entrepreneurial orientation to the knowledge network of the MNC, this paper identifies factors important to the strategic management and on-going renewal of MNCs. In addition, the vector of R&D investment vs. asset growth investment is an indicator of entrepreneurial aggression and presents a new method of understanding the international strategies of MNCs. 相似文献
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Distributed R&D, cross-regional knowledge integration and quality of innovative output 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jasjit Singh 《Research Policy》2008,37(1):77-96
We explore the impact of geographic dispersion of a firm's R&D activities on the quality of its innovative output. Using data on over half a million patents from 1127 firms, we find that having geographically distributed R&D per se does not improve the quality of a firm's innovations. In fact, distributed R&D appears to be negatively associated with average value of innovations. This suggests that potential gains from access to diverse ideas and expertise from different locations are, on average, offset by difficulty in achieving integration of knowledge across multiple locations. To investigate whether the innovating teams that do manage cross-fertilization of ideas from different locations achieve more valuable innovations, we analyze innovations for which there is evidence of such knowledge cross-fertilization along any of the followings dimensions: knowledge sourcing from other locations within the firm, having at least one inventor with cross-regional ties, and having at least one inventor that has recently moved from another region. Analysis along all three dimensions consistently reveals a direct positive effect cross-regional knowledge integration has on innovation quality, as well as a positive interaction effect of cross-regional knowledge integration and distributed R&D for innovation quality. More generally, our findings provide new evidence regarding the importance of cross-unit integrative mechanisms for achieving superior performance in multi-unit firms. 相似文献
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María A. Quintás 《Research Policy》2008,37(8):1371-1381
Building on a rich dataset with information on 65,000 firms and 465,000 European patent applications from 1978 to 2000, this paper addresses the geographical amplitude of international technology generation. First, we show that the number of countries hosting international technological activities is increasing. The USA and some developing nations benefit from this internationalisation. Conversely, although Europe as a whole still plays a leading role in the encouragement of foreign technological activities, some European countries, such as Germany and the UK, appear to be losing their technological appeal. Second, we verify that multinational corporations (MNCs) have increased the geographical amplitude of their technological activities. In fact, the mean number of countries in which MNCs internationalised technology generation has doubled during the 23 years we have analyzed. Third, we address the business characteristics that explain this phenomenon. A negative binomial regression suggests that internationalisation is higher in MNCs showing a greater technological diversification, a higher volume of technological activity, a wider presence in international markets and more experience in the international generation of technology. Finally, American corporations and (regardless of the home country) those firms whose main technological fields are in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, or electronics, present the highest geographical dispersion of their international technological activities. 相似文献
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文章论述了跨境教育贸易活动中质量认证的进展与趋势，介绍了UNESCO／OECD跨境教育服务中质量认证的情况，阐述了政府控制的贸易活动的加速发展及国际机构合作的加速和推出的有关认证上的国际标准，其中包括学历学分互换、专业资格认证、从业资格认证、认证组织及多边认证以及联合办学质量评估项目的安排，私立高等教育机构的认证，远程教育的质量认证。对于跨国教育服务贸易中质量认证的研究有一定的意义。 相似文献