Improving nature of science instruction in elementary classes with modified science trade books and educative curriculum materials     

Jeanne L. Brunner  Fouad Abd-El-Khalick 《科学教学研究杂志》2020,57(2):154-183

This study investigated the effect of including explicit nature of science (NOS) content in read-alouds of elementary science trade books on the teaching and learning of NOS. We focused on three aspects of NOS: the creative, the empirical, and the inferential NOS. The trade books were read aloud by teachers in three hierarchical levels: Level I served as a control and consisted of a trade book that remained unmodified, Level II consisted of a trade book that had been modified to include explicit references to NOS, and Level III consisted of a modified trade book accompanied by educative curriculum materials that were aimed at improving the teachers' views of NOS as well as supporting teaching about NOS. We used the Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire-form CE (VNOS-CE) preintervention and postintervention to determine changes in teachers' views of NOS and interviews preintervention and postintervention to determine changes in students' views. Audio recordings of read-alouds were used to determine changes in teaching practice, including the frequency and the quality (i.e., naïve or informed) of the NOS references in the discussions. Interviews were used to determine teachers' perceptions of the modified trade books and educative curriculum materials. We found that both teachers and students developed more informed views of the targeted NOS aspects after the intervention and that teachers addressed NOS more often, and in a more informed manner, when they had trade books that explicitly supported NOS instruction and educative curriculum materials that supported their learning about NOS. Furthermore, they perceived the intervention materials favorably. Teachers' views and practices were able to change in tandem because of the intervention materials that supported explicit NOS instruction. We highlight the need for more widespread development of similar educative curriculum materials.  相似文献   

Priming urban learners' attitudes toward the relevancy of science: A mixed-methods study testing the importance of context     

Phillip A. Boda  Bryan Brown 《科学教学研究杂志》2020,57(4):567-596

The development of three-dimensional learning among all K-12 student demographics remains a prominent goal for the field of science education. However, substantial research in science teacher education for urban populations showcases hurdles to overcome in order to achieve this goal, particularly for elementary teachers. Research shows that urban elementary teachers are often ill-prepared to develop a type of science pedagogy responsive to students' learning needs. The fidelity of such pedagogies that these teachers adhere to when trying to implement such a requested content–relationality between these populations and how their local contexts can be used as sites to learn science in relevant ways are often not fully realized, as well. Given that science achievement gaps exhibit racial disparities starting in primary grades and attitudes toward science have been shown to affect academic achievement and motivation, we argue that one way to ameliorate, in at least an incremental way, this disparity is to design novel learning experiences to prime students to see the relevancy of science in their local contexts before such three-dimensional designed learning is set to occur. In this research, we leveraged the immersive nature of Virtual Reality 360 videos and present a design-based research iteration testing how this novel technologically enhanced learning experience may have influenced close to 400 urban elementary students' attitudes toward science around those attitudes labeled as “behavioral beliefs” by the field. Using a concurrent, convergent mixed-methods design with a two-way multivariate analysis of covariance quantitative data set triangulated with students' qualitative self-reports that were transformed into quantitative preponderances in graphic form, the data support that our design iteration emphasizing the importance of context as a design focus can prime students who struggle to see science as relevant to change their attitudes. Implications are discussed around relationality, novel technological affordances, and the use of local contexts as learning resources.  相似文献   

Developing higher-order reading skills in mainstream primary schools: A metacognitive and self-regulatory approach     

Taryn Moir  James Boyle  Lisa M. Woolfson 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(2):399-420

The ability to read relies upon not just decoding, but also comprehending text. Being a good comprehender requires strategic reading and implies the use of comprehension strategies. Research indicates that readers who are taught several reading comprehension strategies have better reading skills than those only taught a single strategy. One multiple strategy reading comprehension intervention was evaluated using a mixed-model quasi-experimental design. Intervention and control conditions groups were assessed at pre- and post-test points with standardised reading comprehension abilities, measured as the primary outcome measure. Implementation science principles were observed and evaluated. The schools all served areas of low socio-economic status. 74 pupils (aged 9–10) in five classes in four primary-level mainstream schools in a Scottish local authority were recruited as participants. Training was provided to participating schools by the first author and the programme was delivered in four sessions of 45 minutes per week for 8 weeks. An ANCOVA revealed a statistically significant effect of condition. Statistically significant scores were also evident in the secondary outcome measures of decoding of target word skills, children’s self-reports of their reading strategy use and recreational reading frequency. Implementation tools indicated that the intervention was acceptable and feasible to implement. Implications of introducing this multiple strategy reading comprehension programme and of the evaluation of implementation are discussed.  相似文献   

Positioning participation in the NGSS era: What counts as success?     

Laura Zangori  Rachel J. Pinnow 《科学教学研究杂志》2020,57(4):623-648

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) strives to shift science learning from the teacher as a single cognitive agent, to a classroom community in which participants are working together in directing the classroom's communal knowledge to figure out questions about how phenomena occur, and building, testing, and refining their ideas to address those questions. To achieve this type of classroom environment, teachers should attend to students' knowledge and ideas and pay attention to how students are located within teacher-led interactions, such as being positioned as active discussants or designated listeners. In this study, we explore if and how this is occurring in the NGSS era. We used a naturalistic inquiry to explore how an experienced first-grade teacher used a new NGSS-aligned unit that called for students to use the science and engineering practices (SEP) to build content knowledge. We used a macro-analytic lens to answer the research question “how are class discussions shaped to address the SEP”? We used a micro-analytic lens to answer the research question “how are students positioned during these science discussions in this classroom?” Evidence suggests that the teachers' whole class discussions incorporated and involved the SEP which were specified in the unit lessons for content learning. However, on a micro-analytic level, we found that few students were positioned as active discussants. The teacher heavily relied on those students who could provide succinct and clearly relevant answers while positioning the remainder of the students as silent spectators. Implications from this research suggest that not only new NGSS curriculum materials need to focus on what students should know and do but they also need to address heuristics for teachers that show them how to position all of their students as active doers of science so all students have opportunities to build deeper, core science knowledge.  相似文献   

Could Elementary Mathematics Textbooks Help Give Attention to Reasons in the Classroom?     

Douglas P. Newton  Lynn D. Newton 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2007,64(1):69-84

Trainee teachers, new and non-specialist teachers of elementary mathematics have a tendency to avoid thought about reasons in mathematics. Instead, they tend to favour the development of computational skill through the rote application of procedures, routines and algorithms. Could elementary mathematics textbooks serve as models of practice and support the professional development of these teachers? Eighteen such textbooks for use by 7 to 11-year-old children in England were examined for their potential to help teachers attend to reasons. It was found that they were unlikely to point teachers towards reasons for patterns and procedures. Although some had the potential to help in introducing and structuring a lesson, they were unlikely to induce the teacher to address matters of understanding in their discourse. Their implicit message tended to be that mathematics education is about computational skill development through routines, algorithms and practice.  相似文献   

中小学图书馆应该怎样面对课程改革     

高玉敏 《中国教育技术装备》2004,(1):42-44

对中小学图书馆如何面对课程改革，做好有关工作，使图书馆成为现代高速发展的中小学信息集散中心，成为学生探究性学习的信息环境和实践平台。  相似文献   

小学高年级数学应用题有效教学策略探究     

孙健芝 《天津教育》2021,(6):26-27

教师作为引导学生主动探究学习的“指路人”,应当把实现数学课堂有效教学、培养学生综合学习能力作为一项基本的教学目标。尤其是小学高年级学生,他们已经具备基础的数学运算能力,因此教师要进一步提高他们的数学学习能力,为后续的数学学习道路夯实基础。本文将浅谈如何更好地进行小学高年级数学应用题有效教学。  相似文献   

高职公共基础课“课程思政”建设实践模式探究     

王良 《天津职业院校联合学报》2021,(4):104-110

“课程思政”建设与实施,是新时代高校贯彻落实习近平总书记教育思想的生动实践。它缘起于2016年12月在北京召开的全国高校思想政治工作会议,衍生于上海大学为代表的高校课程思政试点改革探索,推广于教育部的“课程思政”建设的专项方案,深化于持续不断的学习和践行习近平总书记关于教育的论述中,已形成不少专业课探索性成果。尽快破解占高职院校总课时近三分之一的公共基础课,“课程思政”建设难题,是补齐当下高职院校“课程思政”建设短板,助推大思政协同教育的质量和高职院校双高建设的关键所在。  相似文献   

论中国国情与课程改革   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

王本陆 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,(4):18-27

对于基础教育课程改革要不要从中国国情出发的问题,当前学术界存在着适应国情论和不问国情论两种针锋相对的观点。其中,不问国情论是新课改理论专家所坚持的,它承认新课改脱离国情,认为适应国情论是过时的观念,国情是可以改变的,课程改革不必适应国情而贵在适应潮流和真理。这些认识,值得商榷。第一,关于要不要适应国情的论争,贯穿于20世纪的中国历史进程,而历史发展的基本结论是只有适应国情才能获得成功。第二,基础教育课程改革要适应真理,这个真理就是教育的一般规律、现代教育的基本规律和中国现代教育的特殊规律。适应真理最核心的工作,不是脱离国情去宣扬空洞的理念,而是要深入研究中国基础教育实际,全面把握中国教育的国情。第三,国情是一种动态的社会历史存在,人创造历史又为历史所创造。国情不能随心所欲地改造,只有深刻地洞察国情,积极利用国情资源,具有历史责任感和主体能力,才有可能积极改善国情。由此可见,不问国情论是站不住脚的,我国基础教育课程改革必须坚持从国情出发的思想原则。为了健康地推进我国基础教育课程改革,必须深入揭示课程改革的国情制约性规律,努力全面地、辩证地、理性地认识中国国情,能动地适应中国国情。  相似文献   

小学语文教学的人文精神     

杨冰  李如 《重庆第二师范学院学报》2011,24(5):166-169

人文精神的缺失是我国基础教育存在的严重弊端。本文列举了小学语文教学人文教育缺失状况,提出在小学语文教学中进行人文精神的渗透,必须立足课堂、拓展课外;植根教材、走向生活;重视朗读、紧扣情感;尊重个性、注重体验。  相似文献