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Katrin Hahn 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):923-935
Shareholder value, short-term strategies, quarterly financial reports, and performance-based remuneration are strong indicators of a financial market-oriented company. It is questionable whether innovativeness and sustainable innovation capabilities can be maintained in times of financialization focused on short-term efficiency instead of free space for creativity and learning. Using the example of established German industrial companies, I examined the extent to which financialization and financial market actors steer innovation strategies and practices. In-depth interviews with companies, cluster managers and banks and reviews of financing data do not reveal a direct influence of financial investors on innovation activities. On the contrary, companies’ managements still have the power to decide how much financial control and standardization they allow for their companies’ innovation practices. The pressure on these German companies to innovate comes from their strong market orientation rather than from financialization. 相似文献
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依据需求与技术创新互动的内在机制,构建了包含市场需求规模与产业创新能力两个方程的联立模型,并以我国37个工业行业2006年截面数据为样本进行了实证检验.结果表明:需求规模与产业技术创新之间存在内生关系,市场需求对创新能力具有并不显著的正效应,原因在于我国尚未形成健全的技术创新成果法律保障体系,研发活动也以模仿和消化吸收为主,缺乏有效的自主创新激励;产业创新能力对市场需求规模具有显著的正向影响,说明发明专利所代表的产品质量及性能方面的优越性能够起到刺激市场需求的效果.以促进产业技术创新为目的,应着力突破市场需求因素对创新活动的制约,形成二者互动的良性循环. 相似文献
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Jun Suzuki 《Research Policy》2011,40(7):986-1000
There is a considerable volume of prior research on the relationship between innovation and patents. Those research studies reveal that patents contain a great deal of noise, and unless a correction is made in terms of the value of individual patents, a simple count of the number of patents does not constitute a very useful indicator. From research that has been conducted for the purpose of finding such an indicator to show the value of individual patents (that is, research to identify the characteristics of valuable patents), many kinds of value indicators have been proposed. Nevertheless, research hitherto has focused primarily on business or private value derived from the possession of patents, and little attention has been paid to value in terms of technical knowledge or social value. In a survey of inventors conducted by RIETI in 2007, terminology describing broad concepts was used when questioning inventors about the value of individual patents, and this has provided an excellent opportunity to analyze the multiple factors lying behind the value of patents and how they impact one another.The purpose of this research is to use data from the RIETI survey of inventors and structural equation modeling methods to elucidate the relationships between the technological and business value of patents, and the latent factors that influence them. The findings show that a scientific-technological motive for inventors would have a positive effect on both the business and technological value, meanwhile, the monetary or promotion motive would not have any direct effects on the value of a patent. The model also suggests that academic linkage would have a strong positive effect on the technological value but a weak negative effect on the business value. Furthermore, these relationships differ more markedly according to technological field. 相似文献
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摘要 为研究科学与现有技术对中国传统产业技术创新质量的影响,促进传统产业对科学和现有技术的继承。本文以中药上市企业的中药专利数据为样本,使用零膨胀负二项回归和突变级数法,从静态和动态两个维度分析了中药继承对创新质量影响。发现专利引文数量对创新质量有稳健的消极影响,跨技术领域引证2004年后对创新质量有积极影响,科学引文数量对创新质量随时间由消极影响转变为积极影响,技术标准和古代医药典籍在2003-2004年对创新质量有积极影响,现代医药图书在整体上对创新质量有积极影响。 相似文献
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Julien Penin 《Research Policy》2005,34(5):641-656
Economic studies that aim at comparing the patent system social efficiency versus an ex post reward system rest on an outdated view of patents. They assume that firms use the patent system only in order to be granted a short-term commercial monopoly rent. This assumption is convenient because it allows straightforward comparisons between patents and rewards but it is not confirmed by empirical studies, which stress that in many industries most firms use patents as strategic devices to trade technologies and to ease R&D collaborations. This change leads to rethinking the framework of the patent-reward debate. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2004,33(6-7):959-974
Green chemistry patents are an indicator of environmental innovation and R&D. Over 3200 green chemistry patents were granted in the US patent system between 1983 and 2001, with most assigned to the chemical sector. The university and government sectors place greater emphasis on green chemistry than most industrial sectors. Worldwide, the emphasis on green chemistry technology relative to chemical, plastic, rubber, and polymer technologies has increased since 1988. The United States appears to have a competitive advantage in green chemistry. The most rapid growth in the emphasis on US green chemistry patents coincides with revisions to major US environmental laws in the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, the ratio of green chemistry patents to patents in other areas of chemical sciences in heavily regulated industries are low, suggesting that these industries did not necessarily embrace green chemistry as a means to reduce their regulatory burden. 相似文献
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针对我国“十二五”规划中重点发展的海洋工程锚泊装备产业,从国家层面和专利权人与发明人层面进行全球专利数据的检索和分析,得出结论:随着海洋油气能源开采的快速发展,海洋工程锚泊装备产业的专利数量持续增长;产业技术创新的重点在B63B类专利技术中;美国、日本和欧盟国家在核心专利技术上处于垄断地位,中国在锚泊产业的技术研发能力上发展迅速.研究结果旨在为中国海洋工程锚泊装备产业的发展战略规划与产业政策的制定提供参考. 相似文献
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We examine patent licensing business models of non-practicing entities that generate revenue by selling, licensing, or litigating patents. They may also pursue R&D activities, invent new technologies, or provide services to inventors or product companies. We describe their business models and patent market behavior and then compare their litigation strategies against product companies using a matched sample of highly comparable patents. The main differences among patent licensing firms stem from their technological capabilities, patent portfolio sizes, and external relationships. We find that licensing firms with technological capabilities often pursue litigation until decision and engage in forum shopping. In contrast, litigation incidence, parties involved, and outcomes are primarily determined by patent characteristics, not entity types. Licensing business models drive the acquisition of certain types of patents that influence the outcomes of the patent system. We argue that patent policy should strengthen mechanisms to discover invention quality rather than focus on the amount of litigation or types of entities. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104854
How patents affect follow-on innovation is a key question for the patent system. We disaggregate follow-on innovation into activities that infringe patents and others that do not infringe but can be indirectly affected by patents. Replicating an important study using our disaggregated measure, we find that 87 percent of follow-on scientific publications describing patented genes do not constitute patent infringement. Supplementing our empirical strategy with data on patent expiration dates, we find that gene patents which are not close to expiration cause an increase in noninfringing follow-on research, but the effect disappears for patents close to expiration. Our nuanced measure helps better identify the mechanisms of patents’ effect, reconcile disparate results in the literature, and evaluate policy reform. 相似文献
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鉴于发明者在创新活动中的“抱团”研发现象,采用GN算法,识别可再生能源行业发明者合作创新网络的社群结构,根据社群内部成员和社群经纪人网络位点的不同,通过相邻期社群动态追踪,划分社群结构动态配置,实证社群配置与社群创新能力间的关系。结果表明：发明者合作创新网络存在明显的社群划分,不同类型的社群动态配置对社群发明者创新影响显著不同。总体为,动态与静态相协调的社群配置优于双动或双静的社群配置,具体为,“动荡”社群创新能力最弱,“纽带”社群创新能力最强,“独立”及“固化”社群介于两者间。以促进发明者创新,政策应该有利于创新网络动态及稳定的折中。 相似文献
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选取中国在USPTO所获发明专利最多的十个技术领域,通过专利发明人和专利权人信息分析了中国核心技术领域专利活动国际化渠道与模式.结果表明,不同技术领域专利活动的国际化渠道存在差别,在专利活动国际合作方面,图像分析、数据库管理（数据处理）和数字通信领域比较突出,合作对象主要是美国,其次是日本和新加坡;在外国对中国专利的跨国所有权方面,图像分析、数据库管理（数据处理）和语音信号（数据处理）领域最为突出,专利权主要被美国、芬兰及日本控制;在中国对外国专利的跨国所有权方面,中国仅拥有少数的跨国专利权.最后,从专利国际合作和跨国专利权两个方面,讨论了中国主要技术领域专利活动的国际化模式. 相似文献
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Academic inventors as brokers 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Francesco Lissoni 《Research Policy》2010,39(7):843-857
Academic inventors are university scientists who appear as designated inventors of patents owned either by business companies, academic institutions or individuals. We analyse their relationships with co-inventors, who may be either academic colleagues, students, or, very often, industrial researchers. Gould and Fernandez's (1989) taxonomy of ‘brokerage’ roles is adjusted to patent data, and complemented with information drawn from both academic inventors’ publications and replies to a short questionnaire. Only very few academic inventors are found to hold brokerage positions. Such inventors have a large number of patents, a strong publication record and a higher-than-average share of patents held by companies, rather than universities. Relationships of academic inventors with co-inventors from industry are weaker and less likely to be maintained than those with co-inventors from academia. Academic inventors in gatekeeping positions (between university and industry) maintain the strongest ties with all types of co-inventors. 相似文献
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在全球专利膨胀的大背景下,有效的早期专利评价指标是把握技术发展态势服务战略和技术管理的有力工具。本文以中国专利局1986-2005年间授权的机械工具领域发明专利为研究对象,以专利文献中早期可获得的经济或技术信息为基础构建出专利质量早期表征指标,选择专利维持时间作为专利质量的代理变量,建立生存分析模型,利用SPSS统计软件研究了这些早期指标表征专利质量的有效性。研究表明,该技术领域中权利要求项数的增加能够降低国内专利生存危险,专利说明书页数和发明人数的增加能够降低国外专利生存风险,对应专利组的平均专利质量也相对高。结果说明,权利要求项数、说明书页数、发明人数等早期文献指标能够不同程度地表征专利质量。本研究结果、思路及方法对探索和确定早期专利评价指标特别是适合中国专利数据的指标具有启发性,也为从广义虚拟经济的角度研究专利资产价值提供参考。 相似文献
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Investments in modernization, innovation and gains in productivity: Evidence from firms in the global paper industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper examines the impact of investments in modernization and innovation on productivity in a sample of firms in the global pulp and paper industry. This industry has traditionally accounted for significant amounts of employment and capital investment in North America and Europe. In contrast to much of the existing literature which focuses on the impact of R&D and patents on firms’ performance and productivity, we examine data on actual investment transactions in four main areas: (i) mechanical, (ii) chemicals, (iii) monitoring devices and (iv) information technology. We find that firms that implemented a greater number of investment transactions in modernization achieved higher productivity, and these estimated quantitative effects are greater than the impact of standard innovation variables such as patents and R&D. Investment transactions in the information technology and digital monitoring devices imparted a particularly noticeable boost to productivity. These results are obtained after controlling for other firm-specific variables such as capital intensity or mergers and acquisitions. Thus, firms’ decisions to undertake investments in modernization and incremental innovations appear to be critical for achieving gains in productivity, compounding to form meaningful differences in performance, productivity and competitive position across firms in the longer run. For some of the traditional industries like pulp and paper, R&D and patents seem to be particularly poor indicators of innovation and, more generally, how firms go about achieving gains in productivity. 相似文献
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Complementarities of innovation activities: An empirical analysis of the German manufacturing sector 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Claudia Schmiedeberg 《Research Policy》2008,37(9):1492-1503
Innovation strategies in manufacturing often involve internal R&D activities as well as external partnerships. Thereby it is not clear if internal and external activities are complements or substitutes. This paper tests for complementarity of different innovation activities, i.e. internal R&D, R&D contracting, and R&D cooperation. The empirical analysis of cross-sectional firm level data of the German manufacturing sector comprises both indirect and direct complementarity tests; it is based on data from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS 3). The results provide evidence for significant complementarities between internal R&D and R&D cooperation, but cast doubt on the complementarity of internal and contracted R&D, since a productivity effect on firms’ patenting probability or sales with new products cannot be found. 相似文献
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【Purpose /significance】From the perspective of core patents identification and evolution, this paper analyzes
core technology and its changes in the industrial field.【Method /process】From the perspective of behavioral effects and
purpose, the core patents identification index system is constructed. Based on entropy-weighted method and grey correla⁃
tion analysis method, screen core patents, then analyze the evolution of technologies and owners in combination with tech⁃
nology life cycle. Conduct an empirical study with the patent data in the field of artificial intelligence.【Result / conclusion】
Three indicators of behavioral effects perspective have a great impact on identifying core patents. 201 core patents of which
the technical scope is expanding are screened. Technologies such as electrical computers and digital data processing sys⁃
tems, voice recognition, digital information transmission, and telephone or wireless communication should attract attention.
Apple, Phoenix Solutions, Cognex, Siebel Systems and Microsoft have many core patents. 相似文献
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高端装备制造业是我国的七大战略性新兴产业之一，国家出台了一系列创新政策支持其发展。本文收集了2006-2017年间高端装备制造业的67项创新政策以及专利数量、新产品销售收入等数据，通过量化评估政策文本、构建结构方程模型等方法研究创新政策对专利数量、新产品销售收入等创新产出的影响，结果发现，第一，技术创新规划、研究开发活动、产业化活动等对专利产出、新产品销售收入等具有不同程度的推动作用；第二，我国高端装备制造业创新政策已经走出宏观勾画轮廓的初级阶段，趋向于专业化和精细化；第三，创新政策存在着对科技成果转化重视不足、核心部门联合颁发的政策较少、力度不强等问题。 相似文献
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应用软系统方法,将企业技术创新视为一个动态的、开放的系统,按照软系统的7步骤法建立企业技术创新系统模型,在此模型上应用软系统中的3E理论,建立企业技术创新绩效评价指标体系,并结合我国大中型工业企业2000年至20009年相关科技活动数据进行实证分析。 相似文献