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我国正处于结构调整和发展方式转变的关键时期。文章用演化理论阐释了工业革命的性质,及其与科技革命和范式转换的联系与区别,探析了第三次工业革命的内涵。第三次工业革命在技术、生产和组织上,表现出与当前经济范式截然不同的特征。尽管支撑第三次工业革命的主要技术和产业尚未完全成熟,但是第三次工业革命已现端倪,不容忽视。第三次工业革命在给中国新兴产业和社会发展带来历史机遇的同时,也对传统自上而下的管理方式提出挑战。为了适应生产力发展的需要,传统管理方式需从直接干预向营造环境转变。 相似文献
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100多年来，人类经历过三次革命，这就是：工业革命、生产力革命和管理革命。这三次革命都是由知识意义的根本转变驱动的。第一次革命是知识被应用于工具、过程和产品，形成了工业革命：第二次革命是知识被应用于工作，从而引来了生产力革命：第三次革命则是知识被应用于知识本身，从而引起管理革命。 相似文献
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《科技管理研究》编辑部 《科技管理研究》2012,32(22):23-30,42
著名未来学家杰里米·里夫金的《第三次工业革命——新经济模式如何改变世界》引发各界关注。广东省科学学与科技管理研究会暨《科技管理研究》杂志社组织邀请广东知名学者以及来自科研机构、高校的相关专家学者对里夫金的"第三次工业革命"开展讨论。提出从科学学与科技管理的角度深入研究"第三次工业革命"或者说"新工业革命",尤其对产业革命与科技革命的关系、支撑新工业革命的各种支柱的调研和分析预测、经济转型模式的选择、重大关键技术的突破、科技管理的创新等若干问题予以思考,以期为广东及国家科技自主发展、经济社会健康发展提供有益的路向参考。 相似文献
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武东 《科学对社会的影响》1988,(2)
我们可以把一次工业革命称为一次浪潮,它由几个相互联系的重要变革组成,这些变革给人类社会带来了根本的变化.那么,我们现在论及第三次工业革命是否恰当?第一次工业革命始于18世纪末,它首先产生于英国,紧接着,波及法国和比利时,19世纪末,又传到了德国、美国和日本.这是一次建立在煤的基础上的革命,它推动了钢铁制造、铁路、无机化学以及诸如纺织品、鞋类等一系列消费品工业的发展.到20世纪初,第二次工业革命的基础已经形成.小汽车和飞机得到了充分的发展,尽管它们还处于初级形态.汽油和电力这些新型能源已在应用.在两次世界大战之间的几年 相似文献
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18世纪中叶,人类进行了第一次工业革命,瓦特改良蒸气机,使得人类进入了机械化时代.19世纪中叶,更多以电力、重工、化工为主的创新发明出现了,使工业进入了电气时代,这是第二次工业革命.20世纪末叶,计算机、网络、通讯技术等的发展,造成知识的快速流通,也影响了人们的日常生活.在这人类社会发展的三个重要进程中,都有一个共通点,就是交通和运输的革新. 相似文献
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数字创新时代:中国的机遇与挑战 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
回溯前三次工业革命的进程,中国作为后发国家在第三次工业革命后期才加入了工业革命的浪潮。而第四次工业革命的兴起,中国将与其他发达国家同时进入这次数字创新的浪潮,这将为中国带来前所未有的机遇。新一轮数字革命会改变创新过程和结果的本质。数字创新的特征及其对创新和中国经济发展带来的影响需要系统性地回答。因此,研究回溯了前三次工业革命和中国数字化发展中的实践。结合数字创新的特征,基于技术、市场和制度三种机会窗口探讨了数字创新为中国赶超带来的机遇,以及需要面对的挑战。为了抓住数字时代的机遇并克服挑战,研究提出了中国数字创新管理研究需要探索创新生态思维、数字技术应用安全与伦理以及数字技术的合法性等新课题。 相似文献
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本文试图在内生增长理论基础上,建立三次工业革命演变的动态模型,第一次工业革命依靠劳动投入促进经济发展,第二次工业革命依靠物质资本积累进行经济转换,第三次工业革命依赖于知识和人力资本投入获得长足发展。最后,根据模型分析得出工业革命演变的结论。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献