共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104389
Knowledge diffusion drives both technical progress and economic growth. In this study, we present a unique comparative case study that examines the diffusion of two comparable, foundational biotechnology inventions – recombinant DNA (rDNA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using a variety of metrics to trace knowledge diffusion, we find robust evidence that the diffusion of PCR significantly outperforms rDNA. Examining the historical record, we then consider how organizational origin, licensing strategy, complementary assets, industry stage, and early social networks play a role in shaping these processes. Ultimately, we show that reliance on a single diffusion metric or factor is insufficient in explaining knowledge diffusion. We argue for the exploration of multiple underlying factors in diffusion studies, and we highlight the utility of employing multiple complementary measures in diffusion research. 相似文献
2.
Huigang Yajiong Terry Anthony R. Kelly 《International Journal of Information Management》2004,24(6):507-522
China has long since realized the potential benefits of adopting electronic data exchange. In particular, the Chinese government is promoting the usage of electronic data interchange (EDI) in healthcare organizations. However, little research has described the current status of EDI usage in these organizations. This study investigates the extent of EDI usage in Beijing's hospitals along four dimensions: volume, diversity, breadth, and depth. The results from 57 hospitals show that EDI usage is in its very early stages. The study provides possible reasons for the low EDI usage from cultural, economic, and technological perspectives, analyzes the differences of EDI usage in the different levels of China's hospitals, and suggests strategies to promote EDI usage in China's healthcare organizations. 相似文献
3.
知识服务与创建学习型图书馆 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
论文阐述了知识服务产生的背景以及在当今信息和网络时代建立相应的知识服务组织所面临的挑战，简要介绍了学习型图书馆的概念和主要特征，着重论述了创建学习型图书馆所面临的优势和劣势，以及就如何创建学习型图书馆提出了解决的措施。 相似文献
4.
5.
行业电子商务标准近年来极大地促进了企业间的B2B电子商务。本文研究了行业协会如何使用不同的推广策略影响这些标准的推广与收益。基于对使用Rosetta Net标准的216家企业的问卷调查,我们利用结构方程建模的方法进行了实证分析。实证研究结果表明除了市场策略,其他的关系策略、政策策略、以及技术策略都显著地影响到行业电子商务标准的推广。另外,我们发现行业标准推广的深度增加了企业获得的运营收益和战略收益;而行业标准推广的广度尽管增加了企业的战略收益,却降低了其运营收益。 相似文献
6.
The diffusion of knowledge within organizations provides opportunities for interpersonal co-operation, improves creative ability and therefore leads to competitive advantage. Focus of prior literature on knowledge diffusion has been on identifying factors that influence individuals' behavioral intentions to seek and share knowledge. However, knowledge diffusion as an enigmatic, emergent and organizational-level process is more than the simple aggregation of individual attributes and needs to be further investigated. Accordingly, this study focuses on three distinct system-level factors, i.e., architectures of connections among individuals, distributions of knowledge roles and designs of selection mechanisms and analyses their effects on knowledge diffusion. To be more specific, we examine three distinct knowledge roles: seekers, contributors and brokers. We also distinguish between three types of selection mechanisms: objective selection mechanisms, feedback-based selection mechanisms and random selection mechanisms. By conducting agent-based simulations on four representative networks, i.e., regular networks, random networks, small-world networks and scale-free networks, our results show that the optimal knowledge diffusion performance can be achieved on scale-free networks where all agents implement objective mechanisms and show characteristics of brokers. Moreover, our results (a) highlight the significance of brokers, (b) illustrate the superiority of objective selection rules and (c) demonstrate that scale-free networks provide an optimal framework for knowledge diffusion. Furthermore, we also find the interdependent relevance of these three factors to knowledge diffusion and propose a qualitative explanation of these findings. 相似文献
7.
The media industry is undergoing comprehensive change due to the shifting audience and consumption patterns fostered by the diffusion of the Internet. This article describes how these changes shape established practices of video production and redefine the cultural categories of video and broadcasting. Drawing on an empirical case study of the practices within the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the we show the production of video content to be increasingly unbundled and broken down into several smaller processes, which make it possible to manage and recompose in a variety of ways that transcend established institutional divisions and cultural perceptions. At the same time and as a means of accommodating multiplatform content delivery, video distribution is acquiring flexible and mutating formats that further destabilize the perception of video as a self-sufficient cultural form. In this context, video metadata rises to be an important coordinative medium that provides the cognitive resources for identifying and managing video content within and across particular settings and the link through which the operations of media organizations become entangled with the technical landscape of the Internet. 相似文献
8.
What type and amount of computer-related training are available to information system (IS) users? And, how do these relate to their (users) perceptions of the success of the systems used? This paper reports on a study designed to answer such questions. Data were collected from 98 IS users in 16 different departments of 12 organizations. The results indicate that there exist positive associations between various types of computer-related training/educational programmes an organization provides to IS users and the perceived success of IS. Specifically, the availability of a computer resident expert in the organizational functional area of users has the most significant positive relationship with success. 相似文献
9.
天津先进制造业发展过程中暴露出诸多短板：信息技术与产业结合不紧密、产业技术创新水平弱化、产业融合程度低、高新技术产业比例低等问题已经严重影响产业的发展。在京津冀产业协同发展视角下,天津先进制造业要以加速落实全国先进制造研发基地建设、推动先进制造业加速发展、加速先进制造业“走出去”为战略定位,明确“补短板”中的工作重点,通过制度创新推进三地产业的深度融合;通过企业自主创新,激发产业内驱力;不断优化产业结构,加速产业集群的形成;大力发展生产性服务业,优化产业发展环境等措施,提升推进天津先进制造业的竞争力。 相似文献
10.
The aim of this article is to increase the understanding of how institutional forces and organizational context, in parallel with cognitive issues, impact knowledge sharing within multinational corporations (MNCs). Furthermore, the aim is to elaborate on differences between industries by comparing and contrasting a retail firm with a manufacturing firm. The focus is on IKEA and SCA Packaging and their efforts to share knowledge across national and intra-organizational boundaries. Despite differences between these two MNCs, the case studies illustrate that the will to share and absorb knowledge is very much influenced by institutional forces, as well as by the ways in which organizations are structured and controlled. 相似文献
11.
Complexity, networks and knowledge flow 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Because knowledge plays an important role in the creation of wealth, economic actors often wish to skew the flow of knowledge in their favor. We ask, when will an actor socially close to the source of some knowledge have the greatest advantage over distant actors in receiving and building on the knowledge? Marrying a social network perspective with a view of knowledge transfer as a search process, we argue that the value of social proximity to the knowledge source depends crucially on the nature of the knowledge at hand. Simple knowledge diffuses equally to close and distant actors because distant recipients with poor connections to the source of the knowledge can compensate for their limited access by means of unaided local search. Complex knowledge resists diffusion even within the social circles in which it originated. With knowledge of moderate complexity, however, high-fidelity transmission along social networks combined with local search allows socially proximate recipients to receive and extend knowledge generated elsewhere, while interdependencies stymie more distant recipients who rely heavily on unaided search. To test this hypothesis, we examine patent data and compare citation rates across proximate and distant actors on three dimensions: (1) the inventor collaboration network; (2) firm membership; and (3) geography. We find robust support for the proposition that socially proximate actors have the greatest advantage over distant actors for knowledge of moderate complexity. We discuss the implications of our findings for the distribution of intra-industry profits, the geographic agglomeration of industries, the design of social networks within firms, and the modularization of technologies. 相似文献
12.
本文以竞合理论为基础,提出组织间技术合作、技术竞争、技术竞合与知识流动之间关系的理论假设,以及创新规模差距的调节作用,运用社会网络分析QAP方法对2008-2017年间新能源汽车领域511个样本组织进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：组织间的技术合作、技术竞争对知识流动具有显著正向作用,但技术竞合对知识流动具有显著负向作用;组织间的创新规模差距会削弱技术合作关系对知识流动的正向作用,增强技术竞争关系对知识流动的正向作用,增强技术竞合关系对知识流动的负向作用。本研究不仅丰富了组织间知识流动影响因素的研究,同时也能为政府部门制定决策提供支撑。 相似文献
13.
危机既是危险也是机遇。当前我国行业协会面临着国际贸易中频发的反倾销、反补贴的强大攻势和国内以食品安全为主的产品质量问题盛行的新形势的严峻考验,身处亦官亦民"两不是"和职能缺失的政府、企业与社会"三不认"尴尬境地的行业协会该如何把握时机,转危为安呢?从行业协会存在与发展的合理性研究得出:新形势下行业协会应以"强身健体"为基础,努力实现协会与政府、企业和社会之间的良性互动才是化解危机,实现发展的根本路径。 相似文献
14.
浅谈科协系统科技咨询的发展方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国科协系统的科技咨询经过20多年的发展,已初具规模,全国从事科技咨询的专业人员近4万人,各级科技咨询的机构达到2千多家,有力地促进了经济建设的发展.但是,随着经济环境的变化,科技咨询机构暴露出许多不足之处,与发达国家的科技咨询相比,存在着明显的差距.科协系统科技咨询机构应面对激烈的市场竞争,进一步明确自身功能和服务方向,树立现代服务理念,加强业务创新和管理创新,发挥科协系统集成优势,营造核心竞争力,在总结历史的基础上,借鉴国外的先进经验,不断提高我国科技咨询的水平与层次,做大做强我国科协系统的科技咨询事业. 相似文献
15.
This paper argues that spatial proximity plays a role in determining the propensity of firms to engage in R&D alliances. Drawing from economic geography, network theory and innovation theory, we discuss how prior collocation can affect the propensity to engage in R&D alliances, arguing that alliances can act both as a substitute and as a complement to collocation. Using a novel dataset matching alliances and patent data for the European ICT industry, we show that alliances are complementary to prior collocation (at both national and sub-national regional level) of firm’s R&D labs. In such an intra-industry, oligopolistic scenario, firms strategically use R&D alliances as a means to limit knowledge flows and protect competences, rather than to promote knowledge flows. Furthermore, while a common institutional context is important to promote collaboration, because of the high level of R&D internationalisation as well as the complex social networks within an oligopolistic industry, national institutional contexts are less relevant. 相似文献
16.
科学合作网络知识多样性与企业技术创新绩效 《科学学研究》2021,39(5):867-875
科学合作在科学知识生产中扮演着重要角色,而科学研究所产生的科学知识对于企业技术创新至关重要。运用2000-2017年新能源汽车产业相关学科在web of science刊载的32715家中国组织参与的合作论文585348篇,构建组织间科学合作网络139090个（个体网）。同时从德温特数据库下载了1893家中国组织在新能源汽车产业申请的专利16112条,将参与了科学合作（合作论文）与产生了技术创新绩效（专利申请）的组织进行匹配,最终聚焦于174家企业,利用面板数据,实证分析我国新能源汽车产业科学合作网络关系如何影响企业技术创新绩效。研究发现,企业在网络中的关系广度与关系强度均能正向影响企业技术创新绩效,关系强度比关系广度对企业技术创新绩效的影响更直接;知识多样性（学科多样性和技术多元化）中介于网络关系对企业技术创新绩效的影响,学科多样性中介于关系强度对企业技术创新绩效的影响,而关系广度则通过技术多元化影响企业技术创新绩效;研究还发现,企业进行学科多样性和技术多元化均有利于其提升技术创新绩效。 相似文献
17.
Researchers have emphasized on the need for advances in knowledge management (KM) research to better understand how organizations accrue benefits from their knowledge resources. Thus, an integrated approach, rooted in the theoretical streams of knowledge-based view, KM and institutional theory, is proposed to explain how a successful KM program creates value. The approach discusses four organizational capabilities that firms need to develop simultaneously to create KM-enabled value, and identifies possible organizational actions to develop these capabilities. Various feedback and feed-forward processes, originating inside as well as outside the firm, integrate these capabilities into a KM-enabled value creation cycle (VCC). Key propositions were developed, and were examined with the help of three case studies. 相似文献
18.
Jih-Jeng Huang 《知识管理研究与实践》2013,11(3):313-322
Knowledge management has become a popular issue in both the practical and academic fields recently, and is concerned with the processes of knowledge creation, knowledge diffusion and knowledge usage of both intra-organization and inter-organizations. In this paper, we limit the topic of knowledge management to the process of knowledge diffusion. Two knowledge diffusion models distinguished by the degree of involvement of the organizational members are proposed according to the perspectives of gene evolution and population dynamics. These models of knowledge diffusion propose an organic view for realizing the process of knowledge diffusion and insights into how to improve the process of efficient knowledge diffusion based on the evolution of species. 相似文献
19.
Electronic Commerce: Definition, Theory, and Context 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Rolf T. Wigand 《The Information Society》1997,13(1):1-16
Electronic commerce is a relatively new concept that crept into the business vocabulary during the 1970s. A picture of electronic commerce is emerging in which the Internet will become the essential dial-tone for conducting business by the year 2000. This contribution addresses definitional, theoretical and contextual issues including the nature, drivers, enablers, and the magnitude of electronic commerce. The author discusses the role of electronic markets, the effects of information technology on electronic commerce, interactivity, and the evolution of disintermediation to reintermediation. A definition and typology of electronic commerce are offered. Theoretical and conceptual approaches to electronic commerce are advanced in terms of (1) transaction cost theory, (2) marketing, (3) diffusion, (4) information retrieval, and (5) strategic networking. Lastly, the author poses the question of how electronic commerce adds value. 相似文献
20.
The paper explores two pathways that are crucial for making knowledge economically useful – knowledge systematisation and knowledge reconfiguration – and analyses how their interplay enables the emergence of a new business function or activity. Knowledge systematisation is the abstraction and diffusion of operative principles to the effect of expanding to broader remits practices that had been initially conceived for a narrow purpose. Knowledge reconfiguration involves the conversion and formalisation of these novel practices within existing firm and industry organisation. Using the design activity as a lens, and drawing on primary and secondary interviews and archival data on the home furnishing sectors in Italy, our case study articulates the processes that facilitate the abstraction of general rules from novel practices and the changes that are necessary, both within firm and industry organisation, to foster their diffusion. 相似文献