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1.
《Sport Management Review》2020,23(1):117-129
In this research, the author sought to understand how organizational practices that harbor and, ultimately, perpetuate abuse become legitimized. The authors drew from the tenets of institutional work to understand how institutional structures were created and legitimized to allow abuse to perpetuate within sport organizations. In examining the sexual abuse scandals of Penn State University, Baylor University, and Michigan State University, the authors found that university administrators and stakeholders obscured reporting and investigative processes, enacted internal discipline structures that were uncompliant from formal regulations, valorized the perpetrators and university leadership, silenced victims, and engaged in collusion. The authors theorized these actions as legitimacy work designed to legitimize the universities’ management of abuse. In effect, these actions contributed to the harboring and perpetuation of abuse. The implications for the study and management of abuse in sport are discussed. 相似文献
2.
In this study, we explore institutional forces affecting environmental sustainability in professional sport teams and leagues in North America. Interviews with sport executives and executives from partner groups, 122 websites and organizational documents, and 56 media reports were examined. Data revealed how environmental management practices are being diffused in professional sport organizations. Evidence indicated associative behavior among sport organizations with respect to environmental management. Data also illustrated that media played a role in driving and defining the type and extent of involvement in professional sport teams’ environmental sustainability efforts. We discuss environmental sustainability as it affects a team's or league's CSR related initiatives (i.e., averting legal recourse, saving money, as well as building stronger relationships with stakeholders (e.g., customers, fans, local communities, federal governments and corporate partners)), and speculate how these efforts might evolve and inform the development of environmental sustainability in organizations in the sport, service and entertainment sectors. 相似文献
3.
This paper examines an application for a franchise license in Australia's professional rugby league competition, the National Rugby League (NRL). Frooman's (1999) typology of stakeholder influence strategies is used to analyse the negotiation of resource relationships between a Gold Coast franchise bid team and its key stakeholders. Primary data came from 12 interviews with nine key actors in the bid process; these were buttressed by secondary data. Frooman's typology provided a useful heuristic, but did not fully account for the critical role of firm legitimacy in stakeholders’ choice of influence strategies. The bid team negotiated stakeholders’ initial direct withholding strategies by creating access to the intangible resource of legitimacy. This subsequently provided access to material resources such as finance, a new stadium, and, ultimately, a franchise license. The findings are of note to practitioners and scholars interested professional sport and stakeholder theory. 相似文献
4.
我国职业联赛产权关系和法人治理结构之研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
运用制度经济学的有关理论,分析了我国职业联赛的产权关系和法人治理结构,指出：我国职业联赛产权主体“错位”,关系混乱,法人产权缺乏独立性,依附于行政权,产权的可交易性差;职业联赛法人治理结构不合理,委托人权利缺乏保障,“内部人控制”现象突出,激励约束机制“失效”。并提出完善我国职业联赛法人治理结构的对策：理顺联赛产权关系,建立现代企业制度;建立职业联盟体制,完善法人治理结构;健全激励约束机制,防止道德风险发生;推进外部制度创新,完善联赛相关市场等。 相似文献
5.
Collegiate basketball is one of the most popular and most watched forms of amateur sport in the Philippines. Like any sport, collegiate basketball is governed by actors and stakeholders and characterized by issues and challenges. Employing a policy-capacity and synthesis integrative review approach, this article identifies the actors, stakeholders, and institutions of the Philippines two leading college basketball leagues, namely, the Universities Athletic Association of the Philippines and the National Collegiate Athletic Association and analyses the critical issues that confront these leagues in the context of college basketball governance. Issues include an overly powerful board of directors in relation to league commissioners, a lack of accountability mechanisms, alleged piracy of coaches and players, recruitment of players and coaches, the two-year residency rule, and parity in media coverage. Accordingly, the article assesses necessary on-going policy capacities and reforms which college basketball leagues undertake to achieve sound governance. 相似文献
6.
美国职业体育管理体制初探 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
美国职业体育的起源，从地缘上看是移植了英国的赛马俱乐部模式，从根源上看是资本主义制度的建立以及自身的不断调整，带动了世界经济的持续增长，从文化上看缺少英国的贵族阶层的捐赠，从管理上看是联盟体制的建立和完善，从内容上看是有效地协调了观众、球员、职业运动队、联盟、媒体、赞助商和政府之间的利益关系，从制度上看是美国完善的市场法规给予了这种体制以有效运行的保障. 相似文献
7.
对国外优秀职业体育联赛中竞争性平衡战略的运用进行研究,探讨了国外优秀职业体育联赛中竞争性平衡战略应用的成功经验。研究表明,职业体育联赛中俱乐部球员的流动和资金的流动是影响体育职业联盟竞争性平衡的关键因素。收入分享制度、选秀制度、转会制度及"工资帽"制度等构成国外职业体育联赛竞争性平衡战略的主要内容。考虑到中国的基本国情及中国职业体育联赛发展的现实,从竞争性平衡战略的2个核心要素为基础,提出缩小俱乐部收支差距、有效推进选秀活动、合理限制过高收入、全面推动球员转会等发展路径。 相似文献
8.
对职业体育联赛准入制度的反垄断法分析———兼评“凤铝事件” 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
裴洋 《天津体育学院学报》2008,23(6):478-482
作为体育俱乐部参加职业体育联赛的基本前提条件,准入制度常常受到反垄断法审查。从反垄断法的角度对欧美国家的职业体育联赛实施的限制俱乐部数量、为俱乐部设定经济标准、为俱乐部设定治理结构上的标准、有瑕疵的准入程序等4种准入制度进行考查,从中总结出合法的准入制度应具备的基本条件,并据此透析"凤铝事件"。 相似文献
9.
Academy rugby league competition is an important step along the pathway to professional status, but little is known about injury at this level of the game. The aim of this research was to establish the nature, incidence and burden of injury in English academy rugby league. Using an observational prospective cohort study design, and a time-loss injury definition, the injury outcomes of three professional rugby league academies were recorded during the 2017 season. A total of 87 injuries occurred in 59 matches for an overall injury incidence of 85 (95%CI 67–103) injuries per 1000 hours played. The mean severity of injury was 22 ± 19 days resulting in an overall injury burden of 1898 (95%CI 1813–1983) days lost per 1000 hours. The tackle event was the most common cause of injury (77% of all injuries). Forwards sustained a greater proportion of injuries than backs (forwards 67% vs. backs 33% of injuries). Concussion (13 (6–20) per 1000 hours) and ankle sprains (11 (4–17) per 1000 hours) were the most commonly diagnosed injuries. The shoulder joint was the most commonly injured site (17 (9–25) per 1000 hours). The incidence of injury for academy rugby league is similar to senior professional rugby league. 相似文献
10.
Gabbett TJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(9):961-976
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the science of rugby league football at all levels of competition (i.e. junior, amateur, semi-professional, professional), with special reference to all discipline-specific scientific research performed in rugby league (i.e. physiological, psychological, injury epidemiology, strength and conditioning, performance analysis). Rugby league football is played at junior and senior levels in several countries worldwide. A rugby league team consists of 13 players (6 forwards and 7 backs). The game is played over two 30 - 40 min halves (depending on the standard of competition) separated by a 10 min rest interval. Several studies have documented the physiological capacities and injury rates of rugby league players. More recently, studies have investigated the physiological demands of competition. Interestingly, the physiological capacities of players, the incidence of injury and the physiological demands of competition all increase as the playing standard is increased. Mean blood lactate concentrations of 5.2, 7.2 and 9.1 mmol . l(-1) have been reported during competition for amateur, semi-professional and professional rugby league players respectively. Mean heart rates of 152 beats . min(-1) (78% of maximal heart rate), 166 beats . min(-1) (84% of maximal heart rate) and 172 beats . min(-1) (93% of maximal heart rate) have been recorded for amateur, semi-professional and junior elite rugby league players respectively. Skill-based conditioning games have been used to develop the skill and fitness of rugby league players, with mean heart rate and blood lactate responses during these activities almost identical to those obtained during competition. In addition, recent studies have shown that most training injuries are sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involve no skill component (i.e. running without the ball), whereas the incidence of injuries while participating in skill-based conditioning games is low. Collaborative research among the various sport science disciplines is required to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of injury and enhance the performance of rugby league players. An understanding of the movement patterns and physiological demands of different positions at all standards of competition would allow the development of strength and conditioning programmes to meet the precise requirements of these positions. Finally, studies investigating the impact of improvements in physiological capacities (including the effect of different strength and conditioning programmes) on rugby league playing performance are warranted. 相似文献
11.
NBA是当今世界职业体育联盟中的一个成功典范,其独特的经营模式和科学合理的管理制度体现新制度经济学的相关理论.衡量一个职业体育联盟成功与否的标准主要有整体规模、竞技水平、赢利能力和融资能力等四个方面.运用新制度经济学的交易成本理论、产权理论、契约理论和制度变迁理论分别分析了NBA在组织结构、产权制度安排、经营方式和创新意识四个方面的成功经验.不仅在理论依据方面为CBA联赛的发展提供参考,也在实践经验方面为CBA的成长给出了一些有益的启示. 相似文献
12.
Tim J Gabbett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):961-976
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the science of rugby league football at all levels of competition (i.e. junior, amateur, semi-professional, professional), with special reference to all discipline-specific scientific research performed in rugby league (i.e. physiological, psychological, injury epidemiology, strength and conditioning, performance analysis). Rugby league football is played at junior and senior levels in several countries worldwide. A rugby league team consists of 13 players (6 forwards and 7 backs). The game is played over two 30?–?40 min halves (depending on the standard of competition) separated by a 10?min rest interval. Several studies have documented the physiological capacities and injury rates of rugby league players. More recently, studies have investigated the physiological demands of competition. Interestingly, the physiological capacities of players, the incidence of injury and the physiological demands of competition all increase as the playing standard is increased. Mean blood lactate concentrations of 5.2, 7.2 and 9.1?mmol?·?l?1 have been reported during competition for amateur, semi-professional and professional rugby league players respectively. Mean heart rates of 152 beats?·?min?1 (78% of maximal heart rate), 166 beats?·?min?1 (84% of maximal heart rate) and 172 beats?·?min?1 (93% of maximal heart rate) have been recorded for amateur, semi-professional and junior elite rugby league players respectively. Skill-based conditioning games have been used to develop the skill and fitness of rugby league players, with mean heart rate and blood lactate responses during these activities almost identical to those obtained during competition. In addition, recent studies have shown that most training injuries are sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involve no skill component (i.e. running without the ball), whereas the incidence of injuries while participating in skill-based conditioning games is low. Collaborative research among the various sport science disciplines is required to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of injury and enhance the performance of rugby league players. An understanding of the movement patterns and physiological demands of different positions at all standards of competition would allow the development of strength and conditioning programmes to meet the precise requirements of these positions. Finally, studies investigating the impact of improvements in physiological capacities (including the effect of different strength and conditioning programmes) on rugby league playing performance are warranted. 相似文献
13.
Abstract We investigated the effect of increases in task complexity on the dual-task draw-and-pass performance of professional rugby league players. Moreover, we determined the relationship between dual-task draw-and-pass proficiency measured in isolation and draw-and-pass performances as they occurred in actual competitive matches. In Study 1, 12 rugby league players performed 2-on-1 and 3-on-2 attacking drills under single (primary skill) and dual-task (primary skill performed in conjunction with secondary-task) conditions. Reductions in draw-and-pass performance occurred when task complexity was increased from the 2-on-1 to the 3-on-2 situation. In Study 2, 58 rugby league players undertook the dual-task draw-and-pass assessment. Players then competed in National Rugby League matches with video footage coded for the number of tries scored and the activities that led to the try. A total of 303 tries were scored with 150 (49.5%) tries scored from a draw-and-pass situation. Significant associations were detected between 2-on-1 dual-task draw-and-pass performance in the isolated test condition and draw-and-pass performances in competition. These studies provide evidence of (i) the greater attentional demands of the skill of drawing-and-passing in elite team sport athletes when more players are involved and (ii) the practical utility of off-field dual-task testing in supplying information predictive of skills performance in competition. 相似文献
14.
Danyel Reiche 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(5):448-467
AbstractThe Lebanese Rugby League was formed in 1997 in Sydney when a team comprised of Australian-based players of Lebanese descent participated in an international tournament. The Lebanese national team later qualified for two rugby league men’s World Cups (2000 and 2017). The case demonstrates how diasporas can shape sport development. The accomplishment of the Lebanese team has also given the small country some exposure at the global level. Additionally, since 2002, a new sport has been established in Lebanon, making the country one of the few cases in the world where rugby league is more popular than rugby union. This paper examines diaspora issues including the assimilation of Lebanese emigrants into Australian sporting culture and strategic uses of citizenship. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the ‘glocalized’ development of rugby league in Lebanon by its establishment at private Lebanese universities while it is known in Australia for its working-class origins. There is a relationship of mutual dependence between diaspora and homeland: without its diaspora, Lebanon could not participate in the World Cup, and without domestic development in the sport (which includes, since 2015, also women’s teams), the diaspora would not be permitted to participate in global championships. 相似文献
15.
世界足球主要联赛球员国际流动特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以2008-2009赛季世界职业足球一级市场(英超、西甲、意甲、德甲、法甲)和二级市场联赛(巴甲、阿甲、荷甲、俄超、日本联赛)注册球员为调研对象,对球员国际流动的一般特征及特殊性进行了量化分析.数据分析显示,一级市场联赛是世界职业足球发展的核心区域,主要招募来自东欧、南美洲和非洲球员,形成了全球精英球员供给分配的科层化结构.二级市场联赛大量启用本土球员,参与本土足球市场竞争.结论认为,世界足球主要联赛球员的国际流动是一个非常复杂的全球体育现象,诸如经济、政治、文化、语言、价值观、习俗、地理位置、历史殖民地、后殖民关系、国家双边交流、技战术风格打法等要素分别对其产生一定的作用影响,球员国际流动现象的产生是多种要素综合作用的结果. 相似文献
16.
Rodney Noonan 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(15):2201-2218
17.
《Sport Management Review》2016,19(3):266-278
A commonly held assumption within a sports league setting is that league affiliates interact with each other equally and that these engagements are largely facilitated by the league governing body or Federated Management Organisation (FMO). This study looked at the possibility of higher levels of affiliate-driven interaction among subsets of provincial rugby unions in the form of cliques that participated in New Zealand's pre-eminent national provincial rugby competition (ITM Cup). In particular, we sought to identify the existence of cliques and to highlight the motives and conditions that underpinned their formation. Theories and concepts relevant to the formation of interorganisational relationships (IORs) provided the conceptual basis for the design and analysis of the study. Using a qualitative approach involving 19 interviews with CEOs of provincial rugby unions, we identified two cliques within this league highlighting that affiliate members will ‘hunt in packs’ to achieve specific outcomes. Commercial sustainability, access to scarce resources, such as, knowledge and political lobbying were illuminated as key drivers for clique formation. Two new concepts, ‘primary cliques’ and ‘reactionary cliques’ are introduced, and would benefit from further investigation. 相似文献
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19.
潘小玲 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(2):91-92
职业体育联盟是社会和经济发展到一定阶段的产物,职业体育联盟之间的竞争最突出的表现是经济竞争。本文从经济学的视角,剖析了我国职业体育联盟经济竞争中存在的问题,提出了我国职业体育联盟之间体育竞争与经济收益矛盾之间的对策 相似文献
20.
澳洲联盟式橄榄球全国职业联赛是澳洲最为成功、火爆的职业联赛,本文试图从其历史、球队建设、赛事结构与规则、商业开发和赞助、电视转播等几方面进行简要分析和梳理,以期对我国的各种职业联赛有所启迪。 相似文献