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目前,我国上市公司信息披露仍以强制性的财务信息公开披露为主,有关社会责任的非财务信息以自愿性披露为主.然而大部分上市公司自愿披露信息的动力严重不足.针对这一问题,本文基于合法性及利益相关者的视角,采用内容分析法将企业自愿性信息披露的动因归于员工、股东、政府以及公众四类主要利益相关者的诉求,同时进一步研究了自愿性信息披露的动因与效应之间的关系.研究发现满足四类利益相关者的诉求可以提升公司的声誉及财务绩效,这对加强公司自愿披露社会责任信息的动力有很大的现实意义. 相似文献
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Government agencies often face trade-offs in developing initiatives that address a public good given competing concerns of various constituent groups. Efforts to construct data warehouses that enable data mining of citizens’ personal information obtained from other organizations (including sister agencies) create a complex challenge, since privacy concerns may vary across constituent groups whose priorities diverge from agencies’ e-government goals. In addition to privacy concerns, participating government agencies’ priorities related to the use of the information may also be in conflict. This article reports on a case study of the Integrated Non-Filer Compliance System used by the California Franchise Tax Board for which data are collected from federal, state, and municipal agencies and other organizations in a data mining application that aims to identify residents who under-report income or fail to file tax returns. This system pitted the public good (ensuring owed taxes are paid) against citizen concerns about privacy. Drawing on stakeholder theory, the authors propose a typology of four stakeholder groups (data controllers, data subjects, data providers, and secondary stakeholders) to address privacy concerns and argue that by ensuring procedural fairness for the data subjects, agencies can reduce some barriers that impede the successful adoption of e-government applications and policies. The article concludes that data controllers can reduce adoption and implementation barriers when e-government data mining applications rely on data shared across organizational boundaries: identify legitimate stakeholders and their concerns prior to implementation; enact procedures to ensure procedural fairness when data are captured, shared, and used; explain to each constituency how the data mining application helps to ensure distributive fairness; and continue to gauge stakeholders’ responses and ongoing concerns as long as the application is in use. 相似文献
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美国的大学在我国经常被作为技术转移的成功典范。然而,人们的注意力往往集中在美国的几个最好的大学上,对普遍情况缺乏全面的了解。对美国大学的技术转移体系做了一个系统的概述,既提供了历史和法律知识的背景介绍、强调了其中一些主要趋势,也提供了某些特定机构在技术转移方面的具体运作和相关政策的例子。可以看到,美国大学的技术转移各自为政,彼此差异很大。专利收入对大多数研究型大学来说,并不是一个可靠的财政来源。竞争力议程的兴起对美国大学的商业活动曾产生巨大影响,但近年来也开始了对传统价值和使命的回归。 相似文献
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Fostering entrepreneurship: Changing role of government and higher education governance in Hong Kong
Ka Ho Mok 《Research Policy》2005,34(4):537-554
The rise of the knowledge economy has generated new global infrastructures with information technology playing an increasingly important role in the global economy. The popularity and prominence of information technology not only changes the nature of knowledge but also restructures higher education, research and learning. It is in such a wider policy context that an increasing number of institutions of higher learning are being established with new missions and innovative configurations of training, serving populations that previously had little access to higher education. Apart from accommodating a larger number of students, higher education institutions are required to improve their administrative efficiency and accountability in response to the demands of different stakeholders like government, business, industry, and labour organizations, as well as students and parents. The present article sets out in this wider context to examine how and what strategies universities in Hong Kong have adopted to promote entrepreneurial spirit and practices by encouraging academic staff to venture in industrial, business and commercial fields. In addition, this article examines how universities in Hong Kong reform their curricula to make students more creative, innovative and international. More specifically, this article reflects upon the role of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR, hereafter) in promoting entrepreneurship, with particular reference to the interactions between the government, the private sector and the tertiary education sector in promoting a vibrant and dynamic economy. 相似文献
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社区治理是利益相关者通过面对面协商,求同存异、互利互惠、和谐共进地解决社区公共问题的过程,其实质是建立在社区公共意识和社区认同基础之上的利益相关者的合作。社区治理的关键在于理顺各利益相关者间的关系,构建良好的利益相关者合作治理社区的结构体系,充分调动政府、社区居民、社区组织和企事业单位的积极性,共同参与到社区治理中来,一起打造文明祥和的新型社区。 相似文献
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公办高校是事业单位,很长时间处于计划经济体制下。进入新世纪以来,由扩招所引起的一系列高等教育体制、管理和理念的重大改革都给公办高校的发展带来了空前的机遇和挑战。目前的财务人员队伍存在的问题无法适应新形势下公办高校的发展。本文在分析现状的基础上,提出了从制度建设和提高财务人员素质两方面加强财务人员队伍建设的建议,从而顺应高校内部财务管理制度改革,推动高校稳步发展。 相似文献
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作为一种社会资本，信任具有降低创业风险、提高创业者心理安全感、促进信息传递以及激励创业合作等作用，是影响创业结果的重要因素。在“差序格局”较为突出的农村地区，创业者在与利益相关者互动时往往面临着棘手的人际信任问题，但现有文献对于农村创业者如何构建人际信任却缺乏探究。鉴于此，本文运用扎根理论的编码程序对CCTV《致富经》栏目有关创业者遭遇和解决人际信任问题的52个创业故事进行编码分析和理论提炼。研究发现，首先，创业者在农村创业过程中往往面临源自社会制度、个体特征和互动经历的信任问题；其次，获取认同意愿、利用第三方媒介、采取可信赖行为以及进行情感沟通等行动机制及其组合有助于创业者解决不同来源的信任问题；最后，采取上述行动机制及其组合亦有助于获得利益相关者的认知信任和/或情感信任。本研究构建的“信任问题情境-信任构建行为-信任结果”理论框架丰富了农村创业情境下的信任问题研究，并为农村创业者提供借鉴与启发。 相似文献
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Kronberger N Holtz P Wagner W 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2012,21(2):174-187
Whenever a new, potentially controversial technology enters public awareness, stakeholders suggest that education and public engagement are needed to ensure public support. Both theoretical and empirical analyses suggest, however, that more information and more deliberation per se will not make people more supportive. Rather, taking into account the functions of public sense-making processes, attitude polarisation is to be expected. In a real-world experiment, this study on synthetic biology investigated the effect of information uptake and deliberation on opinion certainty and opinion valence in natural groups. The results suggest (a) that biotechnology represents an important anchor for sense-making processes of synthetic biology, (b) that real-world information uptake and deliberation make people feel more certain about their opinions, and (c) that group attitudes are likely to polarise over the course of deliberation if the issue is important to the groups. 相似文献
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The paper begins by noting some of the recent proposals for restructuring research activity in British universities, mainly through a process of concentration of research resources. We then review the available evidence, which shows that there is little support for such concentration except in the most resource-intensive disciplines. Since there is little firm information about the shape of “research production functions’, either for institutions or for the system as a whole, the core of the paper studies the factors likely to be important in such functions and investigates the consequences of particular functional forms. Finally, it is concluded that more research is needed to gain a better understanding of the research process in universities, and that in the meantime it would be unwise to embark on a wholesale restructuring of the system. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2021,50(10):104361
Technology transfer from public research institutes and universities to industry is an effective way to promote social and economic development. However, although many studies have explored the various factors that affect technology transfers, few focus on the characteristics of an organization's technology stocks. In this study, we test which of technological diversity, uniqueness, combinative power, and proximity make a public research entity's knowledge stocks appealing. The study is set in the developing economy of China, using the research-subsidized Project 985 universities and the Chinese academy of sciences as the origins of public research. From an ERGM analysis, we find diversity and proximity have a significant positive effect; uniqueness has a significant negative effect; and combinative power has little to no effect at all. These insights have substantial theoretical implications for scholars in the technology transfer field and practical implications for public institutions engaged in research who are looking to improve their transfer rates. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104598
The licensing of university technologies to private firms has become an important part of the technology transfer mission of many universities. An inherent challenge for the technology licensing of universities is that potential licensees find it difficult to judge the early stage technologies and their ultimate commercial value. We reason that patent litigation against universities can have unintended signaling effects about the commercial value of its technologies and results in increased licensing income for the university. We ground this hypothesis in theory integrating signaling mechanisms from patent enforcement research into theoretical models explaining university technology licensing. Within our logic, the public and costly nature of patent litigation against universities creates strong, credible signals to potential licensees about the technologies of a university even if the signal was not created for that specific purpose. We isolate the signaling mechanism that is central to our theorizing by exploring two moderation factors that reveal additional information to potential licensees, i.e. the licensing track-record of the university and whether the lawsuit involves private firms as co-defendants. We test our theory with a unique dataset of 157 US universities and the 1408 patent infringement cases in which they were involved as defendants over the period 2005–2016. Results show that defending against claims of patent infringement enhances technology licensing revenues, particularly when universities are already adept at licensing technology and when they are co-defendants with private firms. 相似文献
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【目的/意义】利用在线社交网络中的舆情信息创造价值的同时,明确网络舆情管理的关键点,抑制负面舆情的传播与扩散对维护社会稳定具有重要意义。【方法/过程】通过分析网络舆情传播过程中涉及的相关利益主体及之间的博弈关系,利用演化博弈理论,提出了一种网络舆情传播的三方演化博弈模型,重点分析了博弈模型的平衡点及主体行为稳定策略的均衡条件,并进行了仿真实验。【结果/结论】结果表明,网络舆情传播过程中可能存在三个策略均衡点,并基于仿真实验及分析结果提出政府管控在线社交网络中负面舆情传播的三个关键点及应对策略。本研究进一步拓展了在线社交网络中的舆情传播研究,可为网络舆情的管理与控制提供理论支撑与决策依据。 相似文献
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This paper investigates domestic and foreign innovating firms’ determinants of R&D collaboration with domestic universities and public knowledge institutes in Finland and the Netherlands. We put particular emphasis on the impact of incoming academic spillovers on the probability to co-operate with these public R&D institutes.Based on data from Community Innovation Surveys we find that foreign firms in the Netherlands are less likely to co-operate with domestic public knowledge institutions than domestic firms, while in Finland no significant difference can be detected. Another result is that incoming knowledge spillovers are an important determinant for R&D collaboration with domestic public knowledge institutions in both countries. In case of foreign firms in Finland, incoming knowledge spillovers affect the probability to co-operate with public knowledge institutions more positively compared to domestic firms. For the Netherlands no substantial difference could be found in this respect. Further, innovating firms in Finland that require academic or basic knowledge do not co-operate significantly more with public knowledge institutions than those that need applied knowledge. At the same time they are willing to share knowledge with public R&D partners. In the Netherlands innovating firms that require relatively more basic than applied knowledge, increase the probability of co-operation with Dutch universities and public knowledge institutions but there is reluctance to share proprietary knowledge with public R&D partners. For both countries no significant difference between foreign and domestic firms with regard to academic knowledge requirements could be found. This raises the issue whether Finnish innovation policies with a strong focus on R&D co-operation provide incentives for strategic behaviour by domestic public partners to put more emphasis on applied research. 相似文献
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近年来,公共机构屡屡出卖客户个人信息,给客户带来了严重的损失。基于公共机构出卖客户个人信息行为的监管是一项复杂的系统工程,本文运用博弈论的方法,建立了公共机构出卖客户个人信息行为的监管模型,提出了监管的混合策略,给出其纳什均衡解及经济意义,并在分析基础上提出了出卖行为的监管对策。对公共机构出卖行为的治理需多方的共同努力,在加大对监管人员失职行为处罚力度的同时,建立健全的法律保护体系,也要加强客户对个人信息的自我保护意识。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104646
While technology transfer at universities has received considerable attention in the innovation and entrepreneurship literature, we know much less about technology transfer at national/federal labs and (non-university) public research institutes. In this article and the related special section, we aim to fill this void. We provide a rationale for our special section on technology transfer from national/federal labs and public research institutes, summarize the papers in the special section, highlight research questions, theories, data and methods, key findings and conclusions. We conclude by outlining a research agenda for multi-level research on agents, institutions, and regions to improve our understanding of the managerial and public policy implications of technology transfer from these institutions. 相似文献
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院校＂升格＂是最近几年高校发展中最常见的现象了,对于升格后的高校发展和办学优势,各个学校的定位和目标也都不一样。但伴随着学校的发展,学校图书馆的作用和功能也日渐重要和强大,笔者就相关的文献资源建设等方面的问题谈谈自己的认识。 相似文献
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随着社会转型和高等教育改革的不断深入,受国内外社会环境及学生个人因素的影响,高校突发事件的发生频率和危害不断增大,受到社会和政府的高度关注,如何有效预防处置突发事件已成为亟待解决的问题。文中从分析高校突发事件的类型入手,从突发事件具有可预测性、信息沟通不畅以及高校建构信息沟通机制的客观条件等3个方面,对高校建构信息沟通机制的可能性进行了探讨。在此基础上,总结概括出提前发现征兆、正确引导舆论和及时畅通信息渠道是信息沟通机制的3个基本功能。进而从横向信息沟通机制的构建、纵向沟通机制的构建以及有效利用现代化的沟通手段等方面,就如何构建科学高效的信息沟通机制进行了阐述。 相似文献
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The paper reports on a recent study, which uses various indicators to provide an insight on the performance of spin-off companies from the public sector research base in Oxfordshire (UK). The study builds upon the other studies and fills a gap in the field by gathering empirical information on the performance of technology-based spin-off companies. While the main geographical focus is the county of Oxfordshire, UK, the findings will also be of value for other researchers and institutions with an interest in assessing the performance of spin-off firms. The evidence shows that the number of spin-offs in Oxfordshire has increased rapidly over recent years, as the result of evolving national policy and the entrepreneurial culture of the universities and laboratories. However, the academics and scientists in Oxfordshire's institutions were already entrepreneurial in the 1950s, less so in the 1960s, but increasingly in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in Oxford University, which is by far the largest generator of spin-offs in the region. 相似文献