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1.
在政府给予制造商、零售商,制造商给予零售商的双重低碳营销补贴的背景下,考虑由上游制造商与下游零售商组成的二级供应链,研究供应链的减排活动及低碳营销问题,建立上下游企业以推动低碳产品流动为目标的低碳投入演化博弈模型,探讨上下游企业低碳投入行为的演化稳定策略。结果表明：制造商与零售商的低碳策略与双方低碳投入收益比和政府补贴密切相关,当低碳投入收益比和政府补贴不断变化时,出现多种演化稳定均衡。针对低碳投入中零售商的“搭便车”行为问题,分析了制造商低碳营销补贴机制下的演化博弈结果,并探讨补贴激励的适用条件。 相似文献
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在政府给予制造商、零售商以及制造商给予零售商的双重低碳营销补贴背景下,考虑由上游制造商与下游零售商组成的二级供应链,研究供应链的减排活动及低碳营销问题,建立上下游企业以推动低碳产品流动为目标的低碳投入演化博弈模型,探讨上下游企业低碳投入行为的演化稳定策略。研究结果表明:制造商与零售商的低碳策略与双方低碳投入收益比和政府补贴密切相关,当低碳投入收益比和政府补贴不断变化时,出现多种演化稳定均衡。进一步针对低碳投入中零售商的“搭便车”行为问题分析制造商低碳营销补贴机制下的演化博弈结果,并探讨补贴激励的适用条件。 相似文献
3.
传统的创新模式已经不能适应当今激烈的市场竞争,越来越多的企业开始选择与其他利益相关者合作的开放式创新模式。以制造业供应链为研究对象,基于开放式创新理论构建供应链上下游企业间的合作创新博弈模型,并对制造商独立研发、供应链上下游企业非协同合作研发和供应链上下游企业协同合作研发这三种模式进行比较,最后给出基于Shapley值法的利润分配方法。 相似文献
4.
绿色供应链已成为政企谋求合作的新焦点,而政府如何制定恰当的补贴政策有效引导供应链绿色化以及企业面对政策导向如何做出正确的经营决策是实现共赢的关键。为了深入探究政府与企业参与绿色供应链策略选择的动态过程,客观揭示绿色供应链各方利益主体参与行为的演化博弈关系,为政府合理制定补贴政策提供理论依据,本文在有限理性的假设前提下,通过构建演化博弈模型,分析双方的博弈关系和稳定策略,并运用系统动力学进行建模仿真,明晰了关键因素对绿色供应链政企参与行为的影响路径。研究结果表明：政企参与绿色供应链的行为博弈存在演化稳定均衡策略;利益双方的参与意愿互相影响,政府积极的补贴政策、合理的补贴力度以及企业良好的绿色管理水平、绿色成果质量,对绿色供应链的健康发展均有正向作用;政府补贴存在有效区间,要合理把握力度防止因企业滋生逐利心理而出现负面效应。 相似文献
5.
基于破坏性创新,考虑参照依赖,构建供应链上下游企业合作研发决策的动态演化博弈模型,考虑低端市场入侵和新市场入侵2种不同类型破坏性创新,研究技术难度差异、感知收益和内部激励对供应链合作研发决策的影响,并以一拖集团与常州天发公司合作为例,进行数值仿真验证。研究结果表明：针对低端市场入侵和新市场入侵开展破坏性创新的技术难度差异越小,创新成本差异越小,供应链合作研发稳定性越强;合作研发与不合作研发的感知收益差距越大,供应链企业积极参与合作研发的可能性越大;合适范围的内部激励对维护稳定的合作关系有积极作用,但过高的内部激励可能成为企业负担。研究不仅能丰富破坏性创新和供应链合作研发研究,还能为供应链上下游企业合作研发决策提供指导。 相似文献
6.
分析绿色供应链与传统供应链上企业在交易过程中的不同发展战略的行为,通过构建演化博弈模型,描述这两类企业群博弈的稳定结果,从而探讨如何引导这两类企业,尤其是绿色供应链上企业采取可持续发展的战略目标,实现长远利益要求。 相似文献
7.
鉴于当前在探讨制造业集群供应链上供应商与制造商协同低碳创新的行为演化时，将政府环境规制、链内企业合作契约及消费者绿色偏好3类因素同时纳入同一分析框架的研究还较为欠缺，为进一步促进我国制造业集群的绿色化转型，聚焦于集群供应链内供应商企业与制造商企业组成的二级结构，将政府行为、链内契约以及消费者反馈作为企业低碳创新策略选择影响因素，构建博弈模型分析双方的长期最优均衡策略，并通过案例数值仿真分析讨论关键参数对博弈系统演化路径的影响。结果发现：当供应商企业与制造商企业分别进行低碳创新后，消费者支付意愿增值、博弈企业双方共同低碳创新与单方企业低碳创新产生的收益增幅之差、碳税抵扣额、对方违约罚金这四者之和大于企业低碳创新研发净支出时，博弈双方的长期均衡策略均为{低碳创新}；当企业低碳创新研发净支出越低、违约处罚越高、消费者绿色偏好越强时，企业越倾向于选择{低碳创新}均衡策略；碳税税率变化对企业的均衡策略影响不显著。据此，提出制定科学的环境规制政策、构建合理的链内合作契约、着力培养消费者绿色偏好等对策建议。 相似文献
8.
绿色供应链中供应商与核心企业的演化博弈模型分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究绿色供应链中供应商与核心企业的合作关系,在分析供应商和核心企业在不同策略下各自的成本和收益的基础上,运用演化博弈理论构建一个供应商与核心企业的演化博弈模型,模型分析结果显示：系统的演化呈现出“路径依赖”的特征,系统的演化结果与合作成本和收益存在密切关系。核心企业和供应商积极主动实施绿色供应链管理,加强合作与交流,是双方实现长期共赢的唯一途径。 相似文献
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10.
鉴于我国种业发展存在创新水平低、"套牌"和假冒伪劣产品充斥市场等问题,利用演化博弈理论的方法,对我国种业创新企业的创新行为进行演化博弈分析,并对我国种业创新困境进行解释,主要结论如下,知识产权保护制度不完善导致"柠檬市场";种业市场虚假繁荣下面临技术扩散约束;低市场集中度约束了模仿企业创新投入和市场定价能力;消费者偏好保守不利于种业企业创新的增加;企业的短见对种业创新产生约束。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献