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1.
Holger Daun 《比较教育学》2000,36(1):37-53
Generally, it is argued that economic factors explain changes in literacy and enrolment rates in sub-Saharan Africa. This article demonstrates that educational indicators vary as much with religious factors, i.e. degree of Islamisation and Christianisation, as with economic factors. Forty years ago, strongly Christianised countries had higher rates of literacy and primary school enrolment than strongly Islamised countries, regardless of economic level, typpe of state and colonial background, and they still have. The article ends with a number of assumptions which can serve as an agenda for research on educational development in sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献
2.
Atanu Sengupta Naibedya Prasun Pal 《International Journal of Educational Development》2012,32(2):264-272
Primary education is essential for the economic development in any country. Most studies give more emphasis to the final output (such as literacy, enrolment etc.) rather than the delivery of the entire primary education system. In this paper, we study the school level data from an Indian district, collected under the official DISE statistics. We use several indicators to capture the multi-dimensional aspects of primary school education system in India. Our analysis reveals serious discrepancies in deprivation, social and policy indicators that infringes upon efficiency in a negative way. 相似文献
3.
UN Sustainable Development Goal 4.2 specifies that countries need to ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary school education. This paper considers where Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar stand in terms SDG Target Indicator 4.2.2. National data sets were used to assess equitable access to early childhood education and policy documents were analysed to determine how countries address the quality dimension. Overall, findings indicate (i) large variations in access to early childhood education among Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar; (ii) variations in access based on family wealth; (iii) the need to enhance the quality of the data collected to measure access to early childhood education and monitor progress towards Sustainable Developmental Goal Target Indicator 4.2.2; (iv) a lack of attention to the measurement of the quality of early childhood education; and (iv) the need to address policy-implementation gaps in all four countries. 相似文献
4.
Johannes Westberg Ayhan İncirci Merja Paksuniemi Tuija Turunen 《Journal of educational administration and history》2018,50(3):133-144
This article addresses the role of the state and state formation in the establishment of national education during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Through a comparative case analysis of two countries at the European periphery (Finland and Turkey), this article shows how national educational systems, in both instances, were driven by periods of intense state building. In the nineteenth century, military defeats sparked educational reforms, and in the early nineteenth century school laws were enacted due to the establishment of the republics of Finland and Turkey. Nevertheless, these examples also show the limits of a state formation perspective. Despite changes in educational policy, neither state reached high enrolment levels in the nineteenth century, and only in Finland schooling for all was realised in the 1930s. Thus, this work encourages further comparative analyses of the social, economic and political circumstances in which these states acted. 相似文献
5.
徐中仁 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2009,(5):87-90
当前国际金融危机对我国教育发展造成了强烈的冲击,同时又带来教育发展的难得机遇。基于经验和事实提出了我国未来教育规模扩张的理论预期,但金融危机下的教育扩张面临教育财政、办学条件和毕业生就业等严重压力。西方国家在历次金融危机中积累了丰富的经验,也有些严重的教训,为我国中长期教育改革和发展提供了一些有益的启示。 相似文献
6.
China and India together account for almost 25% of the world’s postsecondary student population. Most of the enrolment growth
in the coming several decades will be in developing countries, and China and India will contribute a significant proportion
of that expansion, since China currently educates only about 20% and India 10% of the age cohort. Both countries are expanding
the higher education sector, while at the same time seeking to improve its quality. Challenges of funding, educating qualified
academics, and building a sustainable academic culture are significant. An emerging private higher education sector and developing
masters and doctoral programmes are additional pressures. Internationalization is a key factor as well, as both countries
seek to expand their global profile and develop strategies for international programmes. Also, higher education development
is central to future economic growth of these two of the world’s fastest growing economies. 相似文献
7.
民办教育规模在同级教育中所占比例的影响因素分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
私立教育规模在同级教育中所占的比例,各国之间存在着较大的差异。经济、文化和公共政策是影响私立教育规模相对比例的因素,对国家内部和国家之间私立教育发展状况产生正面或负面影响。利用我国31个省、自治区和直辖市2002年民办教育发展状况和经济发展状况的统计数据,以各级民办教育规模在同级教育规模中所占比例为因变量,以若干经济、文化和政策因素为自变量,采用多元统计回归方法进行统计分析,结果表明,中国民办教育区域发展采取的是一种资源主导性模式或经济主导性模式,与对国外私立教育研究得出的文化主导模式和政策主导模式有一定的差别。 相似文献
8.
This paper theorises how politics, economy and migrant population policies influence educational policy, utilising Bourdieusian theoretical resources to analyse the Chinese context. It develops the work of Lingard and Rawolle on cross-field effects and produces an updated three-step analytical framework. Taking the policy issue of the schooling of internal migrant children as an example, it analyses how a range of fields – political, economic and public policy – ‘export’ their logics of practice into the educational policy field (as a sub-field of the public policy field) and consolidate the changes. The cross-field effects shape the state school enrolment policy and the relative positions of agents and the relative value of their capital in the educational policy field. This paper demonstrates the analytical capacity of Bourdieusian theoretical resources for policy analysis in the Chinese context, by illustrating how the inequalities experienced by migrant families have been intensified in education by cross-field effects. 相似文献
9.
在我国义务教育择校政策成为社会关注的焦点之际,本文分析了中关两国关于义务教育择校政策的内容、背景和价值,探讨了两国义务教育择校政策不同的发展轨迹。认为任何一项教育政策都是为了解决某个社会发展阶段产生的特定的教育政策问题而制定的,任何简单的效仿都是无益的,甚至是危险的。择校与否,只是一定历史阶段的产物,只是政策选择的具体表征,不具有普遍性。具有普遍性的是义务教育的基本规定性:公平。 相似文献
10.
Using the Education Watch household survey database, this paper explores children’s access to pre‐school education in Bangladesh. Participation in pre‐school education has been increasing in Bangladesh at the rate of 0.6% per year and the net enrolment rate was found to be 13.4% in 2005. Enrolment of over‐aged children in pre‐school education made the gross enrolment ratio as high as 30.5%. However, over half of the four to five year olds at school were actually enrolled in primary school and not in pre‐school. Moreover, 71% of the four‐ to five‐year group were out of school. Only a third of the four‐ to five‐year‐old children enrolled in schools had the opportunity to attend the English‐medium kindergartens or NGO‐run non‐formal schools, both of which provide better quality pre‐school education. Urban children, especially those with educated parents and from more privileged socio‐economic backgrounds, were more likely to have access to pre‐school education. The lack of a common pre‐school curriculum seems to have created further inequity among children at this very early age. An educational policy targeting poor and socially disadvantaged children with support from both the state and current pre‐school providers is urgently needed to provide four‐ to five‐year‐old children appropriate education for their needs. 相似文献
11.
Herbert Bergmann 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1996,42(6):581-604
The relationship between quality and demand is analysed using data from various countries, with special emphasis on Burkina Faso, Mali, and Tanzania. Four types of educational quality are postulated: value, output, process and input quality. The relative importance of quality compared to external efficiency and costs is assessed. The paper is a reanalysis of existing studies. Qualitative data are complemented by simple analysis of educational statistics. The studies had different though over-lapping foci: one study explored reasons for non-enrolment, drop-out and exclusion from school under the umbrella theme of the quality of education. Another one emphasised social demand in rural areas, with quality one of a number of topics. A third study looked at attitudes towards education and educational strategies, restricting itself to parents. A primary level, the quality of education influences the demand for education. The relative importance of quality varies from one context to another. Quality influences the decision to enrol less than the decision to carry on. However, it affects enrolment to such an extent that moderate correlations have been observed between pass rates and repeater rates on the one hand, and enrolment rates on the other. Value quality is mainly related to enrolment. Output quality is the criterion for selecting a school or a school system. Output, process and input quality affect dropping out and irregular attendance. Repetition, justified on unsatisfactory output quality, is related to input quality. The decision to participate in education combines considerations of educational quality with an evaluation of costs, both direct costs and opportunity costs. 相似文献
12.
Lina Markauskaitė 《Education and Information Technologies》2004,9(1):67-89
In many countries, the development and introduction of educational software into general education is one of the key issues of national ICT policies. However, differently from other issues of ICT in education, this question is much more country-specific. Therefore, each state shall look for individual solutions that match its economic, social, cultural and other national requirements the best. This paper analyses the development of country-tailored policy for schools' provision with educational software and content. While having generic objectives, the research investigates the case of Lithuania. Initially, the paper gives a review of the Lithuanian context. Then, it analyses the policies and practices of other countries and abstracts potential solutions of the key strategic issues, relevant to the development and implementation of educational software into general education. In parallel with theoretical investigation, the research ratiocinates and demonstrates how each solution, proposed in the Lithuanian strategy of schools' provision with educational aids, has been adapted to the national peculiarities. 相似文献
13.
《International Journal of Educational Development》2004,24(3):231-240
The economic and sociopolitical context for implementing education for all (EFA) policy in Kenya is examined. The policy absolving households from the responsibility of paying user fees for primary education leads to a focus on the capacity of the government to fully fund universal primary education. Funding constraints are identified as the primary limitation to the realization of universal access. A proposal on projection for funding level required for the realization of universal access based on current enrolment and existing infrastructure is offered. International comparison in funding levels provide context for assumptions made regarding differentials in educational access and quality. It is apparent that even without improvement in quality of educational infrastructure, realization of universal access will remain an illusion unless the Kenyan economy is able to support her education system. 相似文献
14.
15.
“两会”政府工作报告明确提出,积极促进教育事业优先发展、公平发展,继续加大教育资源向中西部和农村倾斜,促进义务教育均衡发展.我国农村撤点并校政策旨在提升我国农村地区的基础教育质量,促使教育公平的实现.文章分析了我国农村撤点并校政策制定以及实行的原因,总结、归纳农村撤点并校政策实行过程中所采取的具体模式,重点立足于不同主体的角度来剖析农村撤点并校政策存在的问题,从而思考在后撤点并校时代,我国农村教育的发展思路,提出相应的发展对策. 相似文献
16.
高等教育持续发展的政策调整 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
周海涛 《清华大学教育研究》2009,30(2)
在高等教育领域的现行政策中,粗放的基础性拨款政策、琐细的经费核销政策、受限的教工聘用政策、宽松的教学管理政策,显现了对教育发展的抑制性效应.需要设计和推行以学生规模为基础的混合拨款政策,适度灵活的经费核销政策,实用高效的教工聘用政策,合理完备的教学管理政策. 相似文献
17.
Even though most children in Bangladesh are enrolled in school, the country faces enormous challenges in ensuring that children
complete primary education, and learn an acceptable amount. Multiple providers—state, quasi-state, and non-state—have helped
to raise the initial enrolment rate and improve the gender balance. The critical question is how the multiplicity and diversity
of provision can contribute to achieving truly universal primary education with high completion rates and acceptable levels
of learning. A range of sub-questions relate to this critical question, including what is meant by multiple provision and
how a diversity of provisions can be shaped into a system that serves the goal of effective and equitable access. This article
addresses the above questions in the context of the history and educational development in Bangladesh. They are particularly
significant at present, as the government is about to implement a new national education policy and design a five-year national
development plan (2011–2015), which would have a decisive impact on progress towards achieving the EFA goal of universal primary
education by 2015. 相似文献
18.
The introduction of universal primary education in sub-Sahara African countries in the 1990s increased enrolment rates and provided opportunities to children who were previously not in school. Research demonstrates that eliminating fees is not the magic bullet that delivers universal access. This study seeks to determine risk factors associated with dropout among primary school children in the low-income areas of Nairobi. Qualitative data is from the Education Research Program, collected between June and July 2008. The study found that: dumpsites in the two slum sites of Korogocho and Viwandani lure children out of school; school levies still charged in schools keep children out of school; and chronic poverty within families lure girls aged 14–16 into transactional sex. In conclusion, the declaration of free primary education is not sufficient to realize improved educational attainment as dropout after initial entry negates the purpose for which it was introduced. 相似文献
19.
儿童贫困是世界各国面临的共同难题.日本自2013年起先后制定了《儿童贫困对策推进法》与《儿童贫困对策大纲》,建立了以教育为先、四位一体的综合政策体系,旨在通过教育赋能消除贫困代际传递.政策重点在于扩大学前教育及高中阶段教育机会,采用服务支持与现金支持结合的形式,政府主导、社会力量参与保障政策资源.纵向完善了贯穿学前教育... 相似文献
20.
Sucharita Sinha Mukherjee 《Gender and education》2015,27(7):846-870
This paper attempts to explore the connections between expanding female education and the participation of women in paid employment in Japan, China and India, three of Asia's largest economies. Analysis based on existing data and literature shows that despite the large expansion in educational access in these countries in the last half century, women have lacked egalitarian labour market opportunities. A combination of social discouragement and individual choice largely explains the withdrawal, non-participation or intermittent female presence in the labour force, notwithstanding increased educational access. In taking stock of these issues and debates across these countries, it is argued that the parallel experiences of women in these countries can be traced back to persistent gender norms which, amongst other things, imply the centrality of marriage and non-market unpaid labour for women. The paper argues that there is a need for gender-sensitive public policy in order for increased education to translate to labour market gains for women, leading to sustainable development outcomes. 相似文献