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坚持新时代中国特色的科学学研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(1):1-3
在中国科学学与科技政策研究会成立四十周年之际,回顾历史,展望未来,可以更坚定我们坚持新时代中国特色的科学学研究之路。科学学是一门研究科学和科学活动发展规律及其社会功能的交叉学科。科学学运用自然科学方法,从整体上考察科学的社会功能和地位,揭示科学技术的发展规律,分析科学技术的体系结构,预测科学技术发展的趋势,制定科学技术发展的战略和政策,为科学研究的组织管理提供理论和方法,促进科学技术与经济、社会协调发展。 相似文献
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科学技术作为社会生产力促进着社会经济的发展,这一事实已为人们所认识。但是怎样才能使科学技术最有效地促进社会经济发展,则是一个急待研究和解决的问题。为此必须吃透两头:我国科学技术的实际能力和经济发展的实际情况。从这两个实际出发,方能把握住使科学技术得以发挥最大经济效益的关键环节。 相似文献
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对国家科技奖励制度改革后广东省获得国家科学技术奖项目数量、等级、获奖率和领域分布等情况进行详细数据分析,并与近年来广东省研发经费支出、基础研究投入、企业和高校研发经费支出、省级重大科技成果等方面情况进行对比分析,研究得出广东省国家科技奖励工作主要存在提名和获奖项目数量和等级不高、获奖项目奖种和领域分布不均衡、提名和获奖项目来源不广等问题.同时针对这些问题,为广东省进一步做好国家科技奖励工作,提出加强项目挖掘和培育、强化与国家科学技术奖的对接和激励服务、建立广东省科学技术奖工作后评估制度、鼓励社会力量设立科学技术奖等对策建议. 相似文献
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科学技术是一个国家综合国力的重要体现,而基础科学则是科学技术发展的基础。只有重视基础研究,才能不断增强自主创新能力。基础研究作为知识和技术的储备,既保证为社会经济发展持续供给科技成果,又能拓展人类知识前沿并促进社会进步。当前,世界各国重视基础科学研究对于经济社会发展的实质性作用,科技创新政策和治理日益"以任务为导向"。未来基础科学发展更要关注基础科学对于社会经济发展的实际作用。文章从社会需求出发,以人为关键要素,重点阐述生命健康、社会发展与自然环境改善、变革性技术发展和提升基础科学能力的方法等4个方面的基础科学研究进展。 相似文献
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国家自然科学基金(以下简称“基金”)主要用于资助基础性研究工作.这里的基础性研究主要是指基础研究和部分应用基础研究.此类研究是科学技术体系的基石,是人类文明进步的动力,是新技术、新发明的先导和源泉,是现代科技、经济与社会发展的坚实后盾,是培养科学研究人才的摇篮.国家设立基金对促进科技进步,推动社会经济发展,培养优秀科技人才,特别是青年人才,稳定高水平的科研队伍起到了不可估量的作用. 相似文献
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随着世界性的经济和社会发展对科学技术的依赖,基础研究的重要性越来越被人们所认识。按照中央的指示,继续重视基础研究仍然是我院办院方针的重要内容。但基础研究如何管理才能更有利于它的发展?在强调科学技术面向经济建设的情况下,如何使基础研究能够多途径地为社会发展发挥更大的作用?这些问题都值得我们去探讨。现就基础研究管理,特别是课题管理中的几个问题,谈一些不成熟的意见,以供改革参考。 相似文献
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科学技术是第一生产力。科学技术水平的高低决定着社会经济的发展。科学技术水平的高低涉及诸多因素,而人口的科学技术素质又是科学技术水平高低的重要因素。因此,充分认识人口的科学技术素质对促进经济发展的重要作用,对如何进一步提高人口的科学技术素质,进而推动经济及社会的快速发展,已成为一个需要进行认真思考和加以解决 相似文献
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众所周知,基础研究是人类文明的动力,是科技、经济及社会发展的源泉和后盾,是新技术、新发明的先导,也是培养和造就高级科技人才的摇篮。衡量一个国家的科学技术水平,首先要着基础研究。应用科学、工程技术与开发生产都依赖于基础研究,如果没有雄厚的基础研究实力,就很难有我们自己特色的工程技术,而应用和开发也必然是沙滩上的建筑。我们是个社会主义大国,不可能走“亚洲四小龙”靠从发达国家买实用技术促进经济腾飞的道路,也不可能重复日本战后在美国核保护下发展经济之路。在激烈的国际竞争中,中华民族要自立于世界先进民族之… 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献